共存矿物溶解度与硫化物金属成矿作用

金属矿床的主要金属矿物以硫化物矿物为主。硫化物与不同类型的岩石（矿物）共生时,体系溶液中硫化物的溶解度存在明显的差异,这种矿物共存溶解性质的差异导致特别的地球化学行为。本文提出了共存矿物溶解度的概念及其计算的理论和方法。并以铜陵天马山铜金硫化物矿床为例,分别计算了黄铁矿、黄铜矿和石英（砂岩环境）或方解石（碳酸盐岩环境）的共存矿物溶解度。结果表明了成矿流体流经砂岩并溶解砂岩中的原生内铁矿最终流到砂岩     

不同有机酸对矿物溶解的动力学实验研究

用石英、微斜长石和方解石混合颗粒模拟碎屑组分分别与不同有机酸水溶液进行溶蚀实验,以比较储集层内不同矿物在含低分子量有机酸地层水中溶解的速率,并试图探讨矿物溶蚀的微观机理。结果表明：①所有矿物颗粒都发生了不同程度的溶解,表现为颗粒失重,溶液中SiO2和金属阳离子含量增加,pH值上升。②优先溶解的是方解石,其次是硅酸盐矿物。③温度增加,硅酸盐矿物在水中的溶解度明显增加,而方解石的溶解度基本不变。④由于不同有机酸与二氧化硅和金属阳离子生成的络合物稳定性不同,因此,在不同有机酸水溶液中,矿物的溶蚀速率有较大差别。多官能团有机酸的水溶液中,不同矿物有更大的溶解;但在含有丰富Ca2＋的草酸水溶液中,由于矿物颗粒表面难溶草酸钙的沉淀,方解石的溶解变得更加困难。⑤多官能团有机酸与SiO2形成的多环螯合物由于完全取代了硅氧四面体的氧原子,在水中具有高度稳定性,可能有助于(铝)硅酸盐的溶蚀和硅元素的迁移     

关于水化学中几个问题的探讨

该文就水化学研究中所涉及的碳酸平衡与温度的关系、方解石等碳酸盐岩矿物溶解度与温度的关系、pH值控制下方解石、白云石的溶解产物、矿物实测溶解度大于计算溶解度、Cl^-的络合物、浅海环境下形成方解石矿物、舒卡列夫水化学式的改进建议等问题进行了分析与解释,并提出一些看法、认识及建议。     

水悬浮体系中凹凸棒石与Cu2+作用机理

研究矿物吸附重金属性能和机理,对正确认识矿物吸附性质、环境矿物材料应用研究以及重金属环境化学行为具有重要理论和实际意义。凹凸棒石是重要粘土矿物之一,也是重要的环境矿物材料,其吸附净化功能潜在应用受到广泛关注。在制备凹凸棒石纯样基础上,进行了凹凸棒石吸附Cu^2 单因素实验,吸附前后溶液pH值变化观测和吸附Cu^2 后凹凸棒石表面结构高分辨透射电镜调查。结果表明,从表面来看,凹凸棒石对Cu^2 的吸附性能主要受振荡速度、吸附时间、初始溶液pH值、吸附剂用量等因素影响,但实际上,凹凸棒石对Cu^2 的吸附作用主要是凹凸棒石诱导的Cu^2 水解沉淀作用以及凹凸棒石(带负电荷)与氢氧化铜(带正电荷)正负电荷胶体颗粒的互相作用,这有别于严格意义的矿物界面吸附作用。产生这种作用的机制在于凹凸棒石属于天然纳米矿物材料,具有较高的表面化学活性,凹凸棒石一水悬浮体系中凹凸棒石表面水解呈现出碱性,结果导致吸附平衡水溶液pH值较初始水溶液有较大程度的升高,达到Cu^2 水解基本完全的pH条件.     

硫化物矿物的溶解度曲线测定

本文以黄铁矿为例,测定了不同ＰＨ值下黄铁矿的溶解度,并与理论计算值比较,从溶解度曲线可以看出,ＰＨ值的在很大牙影响着硫化物的溶解度。     

水钠锰矿氧化硫化物的过程与动力学研究

水钠锰矿是表生环境中常见的氧化锰矿物之一,影响土壤溶液中硫化物的迁移、转化和归趋。本文考察了酸性水钠锰矿氧化硫化钠溶液的反应过程,采用分光光度法、离子色谱法分析S2-及其氧化产物的浓度和变化趋势,用XRD、SEM表征酸性水钠锰矿粉末反应前后的晶体结构和微观形貌,探讨了温度、pH值、矿物用量对S2-氧化速率的影响。结果表明,S2-的氧化产物主要为单质S,其氧化速率符合准一级动力学规律,且氧化速率随着温度升高、pH值降低和矿物用量增加而增大;酸性水钠锰矿首先被还原生成Mn(OH)2,Mn(OH)2在空气中与O2作用转化成Mn3O4,Mn3O4可进一步转化生成MnOOH。     

焦家金矿床水-岩反应过程及成矿流体组分变化规律

在野外和室内岩相学观察的基础上,详细剖析了蚀变-矿化时序,结合热力学数值模拟方法与定量结果,厘定了水- 岩反应过程中矿物的沉淀次序、流体组分的存在形式、迁移行为、浓度变化和矿物形成机制以及组分之间的化学反应,为 进一步研究水-岩反应与金矿化的关系奠定了基础。研究结果显示反应初期K+由流体带入围岩形成钾长石化,随着反应的 进行,H+浓度持续降低而Fe2+和Al3+含量升高,绢云母和石英大量沉淀,钾长石消失;反应后期各类硫化物开始沉淀,石英 持续沉淀贯穿整个反应过程。成矿流体中SO42-,HS-,Fe2+的含量对蚀变矿物组合影响很大;水-岩反应过程中硫酸盐 （SO42-） 减少生成等量的HS-并伴随着含三价铁矿物的沉淀,可能是焦家金矿床硫化物沉淀的一种重要机制。整个反应过程 中溶液pH值持续升高是原岩中Ca,K,Na,Mg等与溶液中H+发生交换反应的结果;同时pH值的升高也会降低金的溶解度 致使金沉淀。上述研究成果对于理解岩石中的矿物共生组合、生成顺序及蚀变分带的成因机制提供了新的依据。     

天然矿物存在下脂肪酸酯水解生烃的影响因素研究

在常压、低温条件下,检测了十种天然矿物存在下水的pH值变化、天然矿物经偏酸性和偏碱性水溶液浸泡后的物相组成;同时观察了十种天然矿物及其在不同(沉积环境)pH值时对脂肪酸酯的水解催化作用,得出脂肪酸酯在不同天然矿物存在下的水解率大小(由此可计算出生烃量).实验结果表明:十种天然矿物存在下可使偏酸性或偏碱性水的pH值发生变化,但天然矿物的物相组成在偏酸性或偏碱性水溶液浸泡后基本上不变;除了白云石和钙蒙脱石外,大多数天然矿物在偏碱性条件下对脂肪酸酯低温催化水解都是比较有利的;脂肪酸酯低温矿物催化水解的水解率范围在9%～50%,大多数集中在22%～34%范围.     

矿物—氨基酸水溶液的表面离子化及溶解作用研究

在矿物－氨基酸－水组成的多相体系中，矿物在氨基酸中的溶解作用是一个复杂的过程，其矿物的成分、结构和表面离子化是影响矿物溶解和络合的重要因素。水镁石、纤蛇纹石、硅灰石由于表面羟基化，在氨基酸水溶液中有较高的溶解度，溶解以配合作用为主；坡缕石、海泡石层状硅酸盐矿物表面羟基化作用较弱，与氨基酸的作用为配合作用和吸附作用并存，以后者为主；沸石矿物则以吸附作用为主。在中性氨基酸水溶液中，矿物的溶解度大小为：水镁石＞纤蛇纹石＞硅灰石＞海泡石＞坡缕石＞斜发沸石。     

滇东北茂租热液型铅锌矿床矿物组合共生分异的热力学Eh—pH相图

滇东北地区广泛分布的热液型铅锌矿床具有普遍的矿物组合分带特征,研究矿床矿物组合的共生分异特征,是了解该类型矿床的成矿流体在演化过程中,成矿元素迁移和沉淀的核心问题之一,通过共生矿物的热力学Eh—pH相图可以有效的诠释成矿流体中成矿元素在迁移、沉淀过程中的物理化学条件。本文以滇东北茂租铅锌矿床为例,对滇东北热液型铅锌矿床的金属矿物共生组合在时间、空间分带特征进行热力学相图分析,选取373K、423K、473K、523K四个温度截面对金属矿物共生组合稳定存在的Eh—pH范围进行计算,相图显示成矿流体中矿物迁移、沉淀机制主要是由于成矿流体的Eh、p H值双重制约:Eh值的变化控制着硫化物沉淀的时间分带,成矿流体从深部向浅部运移,Eh值将会逐渐增大,主要矿物从黄铁矿→方铅矿→闪锌矿依次开始析出;p H值控制硫化物的空间分带,随着p H值的增大,成矿元素从离子的形式转变为硫酸盐矿物进行迁移。研究表明,控制成矿流体中硫化物迁移、沉淀的物理化学条件除了温度、压力、金属离子浓度及流体的氧硫逸度之外,流体的酸碱度及氧化还原电位同样是控制矿物组合共生分异的重要影响因素,此研究对该类型矿床的成矿流体的演化和成矿机制提供了一定的理论依据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with