区域实时电离层延迟精化模型研究

研究电离层延迟的精化模型是一条高精度提取区域电离层延迟的可靠途径。常用的电离层延迟多项式函数模型,忽略了电离层延迟的局部特性,限制了建模精度,也不利于分析建模方法对模型求解精度的影响。针对多项式函数模型存在的不足,该文提出了电离层延迟的IDPB模型,将电离层延迟分为概略值和修正值两部分进行解算,解决拟合曲面的光滑度和逼近精确度之间存在着矛盾。结合JSCORS参考站的实测数据进行分析验证,IDPB模型可以提高电离层延迟解算的精度,同时可以缓解多项式函数模型解算的各时段电离层延迟的不连续性。     

双向相位平滑伪距的硬件延迟解算研究

针对利用GPS观测数据提取TEC过程中最主要的误差来源硬件延迟问题,该文为了获取高精度TEC,在对双频观测数据处理时,改进了基于Hatch滤波的相位平滑伪距算法的使用方法,即双向平滑,取得较好的效果。研究采用了VTEC多项式和球冠谐分析模型来进行区域电离层建模及硬件延迟解算,经比较模型解算的硬件延迟与IGS发布值最大差异不超过1ns,其中VTEC多项式模型解80%差异值小于0.5ns,球冠谐函数模型解所有差异值均小于0.5ns。     

基于区域电离层建模的硬件延迟参数估计

介绍计算硬件延迟的方法,采用电离层VTEC模型进行系统组合硬件延迟的参数估计;比较单站和多站建模的差异,并且对解算结果的准确性与稳定性与IGS公布的结果进行比较.计算结果与IGS的计算结果一致,表明修正硬件延迟后的电子浓度含量能较好地反映磁暴现象.     

顾及高阶电离层延迟的BDS-3/GPS长基线网解精度分析

为了减弱BDS-3/GPS基准站数据处理中电离层延迟的影响,从而提高基准站坐标解算精度,采用BDS-3/GPS双频载波无电离层线性组合消除电离层延迟一阶项的影响,并引入全球垂直总电子含量VTEC文件削弱电离层延迟高阶项的影响.通过设计对比实验对24个MGEX基准站进行解算,分析了BDS-3和GPS解算过程中电离层延迟高...     

区域电离层TEC建模及其在磁暴上的应用

介绍计算卫星及测站硬件延迟的方法,采用低阶球谐函数模型进行系统组合硬件延迟的参数估计,选取欧洲区域内的10个IGS观测站,15 min实时解算一个VTEC模型,对解算结果的准确性和稳定性与IGS公布的结果进行比较,计算结果与IGS的计算结果一致。针对2015年3月17日发生的磁暴,利用经过硬件延迟修正后的电子含量,研究测站上空的电离层电子含量的变化情况,表明其能较好地反映磁暴现象。      

中国区域VTEC模型Kriging算法研究

为了对区域电离层延迟进行实时模型化,利用中国区域GPS实测资料,基于球冠谐函数模型、低阶球谐函数模型、多项式模型和Kriging内插方法,构建了电离层延迟模型。重点讨论了电离层垂直总电子含量(vertical total electron content,VTEC)的空间变异性、相关性的统计计算和Kriging内插估计方法,实现了中国区域VTEC格网实时建模。验证结果表明,高纬度地区VTEC拟合精度优于低纬度地区,Kriging内插估计和多项式模型结果的拟合内符合精度明显优于球冠谐函数模型和低阶球谐函数模型。但多项式拟合的格网,其方差则存在明显的边际效应,拟合区域中央精度较高,区域边缘地带精度明显下降;Kriging算法估计的格网点VTEC方差更符合实际情况,穿刺点多的地方,格网点精度较高。     

基于北斗GEO的电离层延迟修正方法比较与分析

电离层延迟是影响导航定位精度的最主要因素。北斗卫星导航系统采用Klobuchar模型修正单频接收机用户的电离层延迟误差,对于双频接收机,可以利用不同频率信号的伪距观测数据解算得到电离层延迟值。为比较两种方法在天津地区的电离层延迟修正效果,利用NovAtel GPStation6接收机(GNSS电离层闪烁和TEC监测接收机)采集到的卫星实测数据进行计算。以国际全球导航卫星系统服务组织(IGS)发布的全球电离层格网数据为参考,对两种方法的修正效果进行比较分析。结果表明,在天津地区,利用双频观测值解算电离层延迟比Klobuchar模型计算结果更加精确,且平均每天的修正值达到IGS发布数据的82.11％,比Klobuchar模型计算值高948％      

山东区域电离层模型的建立及精度评估

针对电离层延迟改正对单频接收机用户带来误差较大的问题,该文基于球谐函数借助山东区域CORS双频观测数据建立山东区域电离层模型,并对硬件延迟偏差(DCB)和电子含量进行可靠性、稳定性分析,进一步使用单频精密单点定位(PPP)验证山东区域电离层模型的有效性。实验结果表明:测站DCB解算精度稳定在0.4ns内,解算卫星DCB与欧洲定轨中心(CODE)的偏差总体稳定在0.5ns内,区域电离层模型与CODE解算VTEC差值的均方根为1.22TECU,STD为0.93TECU,对山东区域单频PPP而言,山东区域电离层模型比CODE发布全球电离层模型在N、E、U方向精度明显提高。同时,建立的山东区域电离层模型从时间分辨率、空间分辨率上均优于CODE中心发布全球电离层模型。     

一种基于泰勒级数展开的电离层延迟改正模型

针对电离层延迟误差对定位精度的影响,本文将泰勒级数展开应用于电离层延迟的求解过程中,提出了一种基于泰勒级数展开的电离层改正模型（TSE模型）。将该模型与传统的Klobuchar模型和NeQuick模型在VTEC的求解精度和定位精度上进行了对比分析,用IGS网站提供的测量数据,通过仿真试验验证,得出了TSE模型在提高定位精度上具有较好的可行性与时间适应性的结论。     

随机模型对北斗DCB估计和电离层建模的影响

差分码偏差(DCB)作为电离层建模和导航定位中一项重要的误差源,对其进行估计求解至关重要. 为提高北斗卫星导航系统(BDS) DCB估计和电离层建模精度,提出了一种综合高度角、卫地距和测站纬度多因素的随机模型,并对比分析了不同随机模型对BDS DCB估计和电离层垂直总电子含量(VTEC)建模精度的影响. 结果表明:不同随机模型对卫星端DCB解算产生约0.2 ns差异. 相较于高度角随机模型,采用高度角、卫地距组合模型测站DCB估计精度平均提高0.13 ns,电离层建模精度提高了约0.2 TECU. 新提出的随机模型,在低纬度测站DCB解算精度上差于高度角模型和高度角、卫地距组合模型,但在高纬度测站DCB解算结果上更优,且对电离层VTEC建模精度提升效果明显,与前两种随机模型相比分别提升了0.88 TECU和0.68 TECU.      

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。