高精度曲面模型解算改进的Gauss-Seidel法

为了降低HASM的时间复杂度,采用一种改进Gauss-Seidel(GS)算法(MGS)解算HASM方程组。首先,从理论上分析了MGS算法收敛速度快于GS算法,然后以高斯合成曲面作为研究对象,用四组模拟试验表明,相同的网格数、达到相同的计算精度,MGS算法计算时间小于GS算法,且两种算法时间差与模拟区域网格数呈二次线性相关;固定网格数,使用相同的内迭代或者外迭代次数,MGS算法精度高于GS算法,但增加内迭代或者外迭代次数,GS算法同样收敛;MGS算法计算时间与网格数呈线性相关。MGS算法能够有效解决HASM模拟大区域的计算时间瓶颈,提高HASM运算速度。以甘肃省董志塬某测区SRTM3作为研究对象,基于MGS的HASM用于模拟DEM表明,HASM精度要高于传统的插值方法。     

高精度曲面模型的解算

为了提高Gass-Seidel(GS)算法的收敛速度,提出了改进的GS算法(MGS),用于解算高精度曲面模型(HASM)(HASM-MGS)。以高斯合成曲面为研究对象,将HASM-MGS与HASM-GS和Matlab提供的函数进行对比,结果表明,达到相同的模拟中误差,HASM-MGS计算时间远小于HASM-GS和Matlab提供的函数;HASM-MGS计算时间与模拟区域的网格数呈非常好的线性关系,时间复杂度比传统的方法降低两个数量级。     

一种区域实时对流层内插模型及其在PPP中的应用

利用反距离加权内插法,对基准站解算的天顶对流层延迟（ZTD）建立了区域实时ZTD模型,评估了该模型内插流动站对流层延迟对PPP定位精度和收敛时间的影响。试验表明：与传统ZTD采用参数估计的处理方法对比,二者解算得到的PPP精度在水平方向上效果相当,但在垂直方向上,模型内插对流层解算的定位精度提高约为5 cm,且能显著提高PPP收敛速度。说明应用本方法建立非气象参数的区域天顶对流层延迟模型能有效加快PPP的收敛速度,且提高定位精度。     

逐次最小二乘在高精度曲面建模方法（HASM）中的应用

从高精度曲面建模方法（HASM）曲面方程出发,结合数据平差理论,建立了基于独立单元的计算模型,并且采用逐次最小二乘法对计算方程进行分组求解。对HASM-AD和几种经典方法的精度进行了交叉验证,结果表明,该算法模拟误差的均方根差远小于其他空间插值方法。     

高斯投影的复变函数表示

借助复变函数理论讨论高斯投影的复变函数表示,与传统的高斯投影实数域表达式相比,本文导出的高斯投影正反解表达式形式紧凑,公式简单,特别是基于复变函数建立的尺度比和子午线收敛角公式能表示为闭合形式;当e=0时,高斯投影正反解公式均为简单准确的闭合表达式。最后,通过算例对导出的新公式进行验算。     

近景区域网平差的预处理共轭梯度稀疏解法

针对大规模、近病态法的近景区域网平差法方程快速解算问题,提出基于预处理共轭梯度(preconditioned conjugate gradient,PCG)法的稀疏解算方法。首先,通过选择与法方程系数矩阵对应的对角平方根矩阵作为预处理矩阵,以改变待估参数向量的坐标基,进而改善法方程系数矩阵性态,达到利用PCG提高收敛速度和解算精度的目的;然后,通过应用稀疏矩阵提高平差法方程系数矩阵的储存与求解效率。实验结果证明,该方法不影响摄影测量中区域网平差中多类、多尺度参数同时解算的收敛域,不但具有很高的解算精度,而且速度较快。     

子午线收敛角和长度比复变函数表示的实数解

首先在高斯投影复变函数表示的基础上,给出了复数归化纬度的定义及公式;然后基于复数归化纬度,推导出子午线收敛角、长度比的复数表现形式;最后给出了高斯投影正反解子午线收敛角、长度比的实数解。基于复数纬度的高斯投影,其计算精度不受带宽的限制,对于高斯投影理论有一定改善。     

数字影像投影转绘算法及其在地质编录中的应用

本文研究了基于DSM（数字表面模型）的数字影像投影转绘方法，着重探讨了确定物方投影点的解算收敛条件及收敛算法。在工程地质摄影编录系统中，该转绘方法成功地应用于对普通数码影像的信息转绘。实验表明，本文所述基于DSM的数字影像转绘方法具有优良的适用性及精度，并且大大降低了影像投影转绘作业的专业技术要求。     

在线精密单点定位性能分析

对在线精密单点定位技术进行测试,分析了它的动态、静态定位精度和收敛速度,以及多系统卫星观测对这两者的影响。结果表明,在线PPP静态定位单天解的精度在水平方向可达mm级,高程方向可达mm~cm级,可在10~20 min内收敛;静态数据模拟动态解算的精度水平方向为2~3 cm,高程方向为4~5 cm,而实际动态数据的解算精度略低于此精度。GPS/GLONASS组合系统能加快定位收敛速度,尤其在GPS系统观测条件较差的情况下,能够同时显著提高收敛速度和定位精度。     

利用波形信息的加权曲面拟合LiDAR点云滤波

为发挥机载全波形激光探测与测量（light detection and ranging,LiDAR）技术优势,提高数字高程模型（digital elevation model,DEM）生成精度,提出了一种利用波形信息的加权曲面拟合LiDAR点云滤波方法。该方法利用全局收敛LM解算离散点云与波形参数,引入波形信息与抗差估计原理检测异常种子点,依据波形参数对地形曲面进行加权拟合,综合考虑滤波窗口尺寸与曲面拟合中误差影响设置自适应高差阈值。选取中国黑河综合遥感联合实验中的城市区域、耕地区域与山地区域数据进行实验,结果表明,相比传统方法,所提方法的波形分解结果更加可靠,点云滤波精度进一步提高,具备较高实用价值。     

A high accuracy surface modeling method based on GPU accelerated multi‐grid method

A high accuracy surface modeling method (HASM) has been developed to provide a solution to many surface modeling problems such as DEM construction, surface estimation and spatial prediction. Although HASM is able to model surfaces with a higher accuracy, its low computing speed limits its popularity in constructing large scale surfaces. Hence, the research described in this article aims to improve the computing efficiency of HASM with a graphic processor unit (GPU) accelerated multi‐grid method (HASM‐GMG). HASM‐GMG was tested with two types of surfaces: a Gauss synthetic surface and a real‐world example. Results indicate that HASM‐GMG can gain significant speedups compared with CPU‐based HASM without acceleration on GPU. Moreover, both the accuracy and speed of HASM‐GMG are superior to the classical interpolation methods including Kriging, Spline and IDW.     

A Multi‐Grid Method of High Accuracy Surface Modeling and Its Validation

A method of high accuracy surface modeling (HASM) has been constructed to find a solution for error problems that had long troubled surface modeling in geographical information systems (GIS). It is found that when a preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) algorithm is used to solve the large sparse linear system, which HASM can be transferred into, HASM performs best in terms of simulation compared with all other algorithms. But its computing speed is not fast enough for all applications. A multi‐grid method is introduced into HASM to try to shorten its computing time. Both numerical and real‐world tests demonstrate that there is a range of stop error (SE). The multi‐grid method of HASM (HASM‐MG) greatly increases computing speed when SEs are within this range, compared with the PCG algorithm of HASM (HASM‐PCG). HASM‐MG is suitable for applications with a need for less accuracy and a shorter computing time. HASM‐PCG is appropriate for issues needing higher accuracy. HASM‐MG performs better than HASM‐PCG in flat areas, while HASM‐PCG does better in complex terrainm in terms of accuracy and computing time.     

An Adaptive Method of High Accuracy Surface Modeling and Its Application to Simulating Elevation Surfaces

An adaptive method is employed to speed up computation of high accuracy surface modeling (HASM), for which an error indicator and an error estimator are developed. Root mean‐square error (RMSE) is used as the error estimator that is formulated as a function of gully density and grid cell size. The error indicator is developed on the basis of error surfaces for different spatial resolutions, which are interpolated in terms of the absolute errors calculated at sampled points while paying attention to the landform characteristics. The error surfaces indicate the magnitude and distribution of errors in each step of adaptive refinement and make spatial changes to the errors in the simulation process visualized. The adaptive method of high accuracy surface modeling (HASM‐AM) is applied to simulating elevation surface of the Dong‐Zhi tableland with 27.24 million pixels at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m. Test results show that HASM‐AM has greatly speeded up computation by avoiding unnecessary calculations and saving memory. In addition, HASM‐AM improves simulation accuracy.     

地球表层建模研究进展

本文在讨论地球表层概念和地球表层建模定义的基础上,总结分析了地球表面形态表达、地球气候系统模拟、生态系统空间模拟分析和地球表层模拟系统等主要研究进展。分析结果表明,误差问题、多尺度问题、地球表层模拟速度问题和三维实时可视化问题是地球表层建模面临的主要挑战。为了解决这些问题,必须发展和采用诸如以遥感数据为初始场、以地面实测数据为优化控制条件的高精度高速度曲面建模新方法和新思路。     

HASM-AD algorithm based on the sequential least squares

The HASM(high accuracy surface modeling) technique is based on the fundamental theory of surfaces,which has been proved to improve the interpolation accuracy in surface fitting.However,the integral iterative solution in previous studies resulted in high temporal complexity in computation and huge memory usage so that it became difficult to put the technique into application,especially for large-scale datasets.In the study,an innovative model(HASM-AD) is developed according to the sequential least squares on...     

基于高精度曲面模型的DEM构建与误差分析

引入地形表达误差(terrain representation error,Etr),选择标准曲面和甘肃省董志塬地区作为研究对象,利用窗口分析法实现Etr的提取;用统计分析法得出Etr随网格分辨率变化的回归方程;根据误差传播定律计算DEM中误差。数值结果表明,该方法能更准确的计算HASM生成的DEM精度;相同的采样数下,HASM较传统方法(IDW,Spline和Kriging)能生成更高精度和分辨率的DEM。在难以获取已知数据的地区,HASM提供了生成相对准确DEM的高效工具。     

Method of reducing HASM boundary error

High accuracy surface modeling (HASM) constructed based on the fundamental theorem of surface is more accurate than the classical methods. However, because of boundary error, location error, etc, HASM has a big accuracy loss in real-world examples. In former researches we solved the location error with Taylor expansion. In order to reduce the HASM boundary error and improve its accuracy further, this paper presents a new method of Laplace interpolation to compute the region boundary value. Gaussian synthetic surface and the real world test region are employed to validate the efficiency of this method. Results show that the boundary value computed with Laplace interpolation is more accurate than the classical methods, which can be regarded as an alternative for boundary value computation.     

地图数字注记识别的神经网络方法

讨论了基于径向基函数网络（RBFN）的地图数字注记识别问题。在分析了网络结构和训练算法的基础上,用地回扫描数据进行了识别实验。结果表明,本文提出的方法用于地图数字注记识别是非常有效的。