煤矿区地面煤层气抽采效果评价方法探讨——以寺河煤矿某区块为例

评价煤矿区地面煤层气抽采的效果,可为煤层气后续开发和矿井开采设计提供技术依据。通过分析目前地面煤层气抽采效果评价现状,结合煤层气资源开发和煤矿安全生产对煤层气抽采效果评价的需要,提出了以煤层气含量降低率和煤层剩余气含量作为评价指标、以煤储层地质条件相近为评价单元划分原则,并在评价单元内实施一定数量检测井实测煤层剩余气含量的煤矿区地面煤层气抽采效果检测与评价方法。在煤储层地质条件划分的前提下,还提出了以煤层气含量降低率和煤层剩余气含量结果为划分依据的煤矿区地面煤层气抽采效果分级方法供探讨。该方法在晋城寺河矿某区块的应用,一定程度上证明了该套煤矿区地面煤层气抽采效果评价方法的合理性和可操作性。      

芦岭煤矿地面煤层气开发选区评价研究

芦岭煤矿是我国典型的高瓦斯突出矿井,煤层变形复杂,含气量高,渗透率低,煤层气丰度高,抽采难度大,有利区块优选对于煤与煤层气协调开发至关重要。在深刻剖析构造、煤厚、气含量等储层地质特征、研究影响主采煤层煤层气运移富集地质因素的基础上,运用层次分析法计算出各影响因素的权重,通过综合定量评价．提出煤矿北部C区是地面煤层气开发的最有利块段。     

煤层气地面与井下一体化抽采三维可视化管理系统关键技术

在对典型矿区不同储层条件下煤层气协调开发技术模式和地面与井下联合高效抽采技术分析总结的基础上,结合人工智能技术,实现了煤层气地面与井下一体化抽采三维可视化管理系统的智能化。根据煤层气地面与井下抽采系统中三维要素的不同特征,分别采用地面建筑物与抽采设备的3DMAX静态建模和基于钻孔数据的地质体动态建模。运用对原始数据进行解析控制插值算法的精度和视窗的消隐与裁剪等技术,实现了三维要素的多角度观察、放大、漫游、旋转、平移、叠加、剥离、透明和纹理处理等可视化功能。系统在晋城矿区寺河区块进行实际应用,取得了良好的效果。      

鸡西煤田梨树煤矿地面煤层气抽采潜力

梨树煤矿属高瓦斯矿井,矿井瓦斯涌出量大,瓦斯治理形势日趋严峻。为评价梨树煤矿地面煤层气抽采潜力,从评价煤层气地面抽采潜力的关键参数含气量、渗透率入手,采用数值模拟软件CBM-SIM进行产能预测。研究认为,较高含气量的降幅程度及含气饱和度,决定了梨树煤矿主采煤层较好的解吸程度和开发效果。以XX-01井为例,含气饱和度高达99%,含气量降幅可达10.8 m3/t。原生–碎裂结构为主的煤体结构,决定了梨树煤矿主采煤层有较好的渗透性并且储层易改造,增产效果好。产能预测显示,梨树煤矿煤层气直井排采15a,累计产量可达422万m3,且经济效益、安全效益可行。因此,梨树煤矿具有较好地面煤层气抽采潜力。      

淮北芦岭煤矿煤层顶板水平井煤层气抽采效果分析

淮北芦岭煤矿为高瓦斯突出矿井,煤层碎软低渗,瓦斯抽采困难。应用“十二五”期间开发的紧邻煤层顶板水平井分段压裂煤层气高效抽采技术,试验井已取得产气突破。为了深入分析评价地面煤层气抽采对煤矿瓦斯灾害的防治效果,基于目标煤层特征,分析煤层顶板水平井的产气规律,利用产能数值模拟技术,对生产井数据进行了历史拟合,在此基础上,进行水平井产能预测,分析水平井抽采过程中煤层气含量和储层压力变化趋势。结果表明:水平井抽采影响范围主要为裂缝和近井筒区域,井筒-裂缝系统外部区域受影响较小;水平井影响范围随抽采时间的延长逐渐增大,预测1、3、5、8、10 a的影响面积分别为0.113、0.193、0.242、0.311、0.350 km2;随着水平井抽采时间的延长,剩余含气量和储层压力逐渐降低,预测水平井抽采5 a,水平井控制范围内瓦斯含量最低可降至2.86 m3/t,平均可降至4.2 m3/t,降低50.6%。储层压力最低可降至0.85 MPa,平均可降至2.30 MPa,降低66.2%。煤层顶板水平井技术对煤层气开发和瓦斯灾害防治效果显著,是实现碎软低渗煤层瓦斯地面预抽的有效手段。      

芦岭煤矿卸压区瓦斯综合抽采试验及分析

煤炭开采造成煤储层卸压,煤储层参数将发生巨大变化,并对瓦斯储存和运移产生极大影响。分析了淮北芦岭煤矿卸压区地面垂直井煤层气抽采试验,研究了卸压区地面和井下瓦斯综合抽采技术及方法。结果显示,在低透气性煤层卸压区进行地面和井下瓦斯综合抽采,不仅有利于煤矿安全生产,而且可大大提高瓦斯采收率及其开发的经济效益。      

晋城矿区王坡井田地面瓦斯抽采效果影响因素

晋城矿区王坡井田地面瓦斯抽采效果差,为了查明原因,指导今后地面抽采工程施工,将研究区煤层气资源赋存条件与抽采效果较好的临近成庄井田进行了对比分析,并对排采井水质进行检测,同时在井下进行压裂裂缝形态观测。综合分析认为,煤层瓦斯资源丰度和储层条件是影响王坡井田抽采效果的主要内在基础因素;大量发育的陷落柱破坏了煤层气封闭条件并增强了地下水的补给,造成抽采井的排水降压难度大;井下裂缝观测表明,压裂裂缝顺煤层与顶板弱应力面水平延展,导致储层压裂改造效果欠佳。建议加强对研究区的瓦斯赋存分布特征及陷落柱发育规模深入研究,以指导后期地面井瓦斯抽采工程施工。      

潞安矿区高河井田煤层气地面抽采有利区段评价

煤层气地面抽采技术是解决高瓦斯矿井安全生产的重要手段之一,正逐渐被煤炭企业所重视和采用。以潞安矿区高河井田为例,在缺乏煤层气勘探资料的情况下,运用现代煤层气地质理论,重新解读煤田地质勘探成果,挖潜出有利区段评价的关键性地质资料——煤体结构;并结合煤炭开采规划,对其井田构造、煤体结构、含气量、煤层埋深和厚度等地质条件进行了单项评价和区段综合评价。结果显示,高河井田西北区段为煤层气地面抽采的有利区段,建议作为煤炭规划区的首期煤层气地面抽采区。      

论贵州煤层气地质特点与勘探开发战略

贵州煤层气地质条件具有“一弱、两多、三高、四大”的特点,即龙潭组富水性弱,控气构造类型多和煤层层数多,煤层含气量高、资源丰度高、储层压力及地应力高,以及煤层气资源量大、煤级变化大、煤层渗透性变化大和地质条件垂向变化大。贵州煤层气的赋存特点,一方面体现出其煤层气资源富集程度高、储层能量大、开发潜力巨大的优势;另一方面存在影响煤层渗透性及储层改造的不利因素,因此煤层气勘探开发需要寻找新的思路与方法。针对贵州省目前煤层气地质研究程度,提出近期应加大对煤层气勘探开发投入,准确摸清全省煤层气资源潜力状况,在此基础上分析各类煤层气开发技术对煤层气地质条件的适应性,进而合理制定煤层气资源勘探开发利用战略与规划。根据贵州省煤层气的开发现状建议将织纳煤田作为现阶段煤层气地面勘探开发的主攻区域,借鉴煤层气开发晋城模式,尽快在未采动区实施以地面直井和丛式井组为主的上部煤层群煤层气开发先导性示范工程;对六盘水及其他煤田则可借鉴淮南模式,通过远距离保护层大面积采动卸压,综合利用采前、采中、采后矿井和地面煤层气抽采技术,实施采动区煤层气开采,继而建设与之配套的分布式煤层气小型化利用、储运技术与装置。     

贵州水城矿区煤层气地质条件与可采潜力分析

水城矿区煤层气资源丰富,在分析矿区煤储层物性和含气性的基础上,估算了煤层气可采性参数,评价了煤层气的可采潜力。结果显示:水城矿区煤层顶、底板以及含煤地层上覆地层均为良好的区域性盖层,煤层气保存条件较好;矿区良好的煤岩、煤质特征和孔隙结构特征为煤层气的大量生成和富集奠定了基础;煤层气理论平均采收率为31.66%,可采资源量为1158×108m3,平均可采资源丰度0.98×108m3/km2,对煤层气开发较为有利;煤层的渗透性较低,可能对煤层气地面排采带来不利影响。建议矿区在煤层气地面开发工作中,注重煤储层渗透性的有效改善,并探讨矿井—地面开发结合的可行性。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of