广西4大海湾红树林区硅含量的变化特征及其影响因素

利用2007年12月至2008年11月对广西沿海4个海湾红树林区进行系统调查的数据资料,分析不同海湾红树林区Si含量的变化特征及其与环境因素的关系。结果表明,广西海湾红树林区Si含量较高,年平均值高达52.26μmol·dm-3,明显高于20世纪80年代河口区的30.83μmol·dm-3;在季节上主要依赖于径流的变化而呈夏高、冬低,春、秋季适中的特征,区域分布亦具有随S下降而增加,随硅藻占浮游植物比例上升而下降的良好规律,依次排列为廉州湾>钦州湾>珍珠湾>铁山港红树林区。相关分析显示,影响研究海区Si含量变化的主要因素是陆源径流与海水的物理混合过程,其次是生物作用,有机体分解的化学过程影响相对较小。Si与N、P营养盐的关系极为密切,其中Si与N的同源性极好,4个季节均达到了非常显著(p值<0.01)的正相关水平;而Si与P含量之间却出现明显分区现象,海湾特征尤为突出。     

华北地区2009~2013年地下物质密度变化及其地壳运动含义

基于华北地区2009~2013年半年尺度重力复测资料,利用扣除半年和年周期获得的重力年变率反演计算华北地区地下物质密度变化。结果显示,华北地区总体上呈现东、西两侧的山西地区和渤海湾盆地为负变化,中间地带的华北平原表现为正变化,揭示了华北平原中下地壳因两侧膨胀和岩石圈热物质上涌而使物质处于压缩状态。     

近50 a ENSO时频特征及其与南海台风的相关性

【目的】分析表征ENSO事件的特征值和南海台风活动的多时间尺度结构特征及其相关关系。【方法】采用日本气象厅东京台风中心(JMA)1967-2016年西北太平洋TC最佳路径数据集,统计分析了近50 a来南海台风活动月频数。同时又采用Morlet小波变换、交叉小波变换、小波相干等方法,分析了近50 a来ENSO事件时频变化特征及其与南海台风相关性。【结果与结论】ENSO循环具有2-6 a的主周期;7-10月南海台风活动最为频繁,其频数时间序列存在准2 a尺度周期;ENSO指数与南海台风活动频数的相关表现在多个时间尺度上。1970-1978年、1995-2000年,ONI指数和南海台风活动频数在2-6 a周期尺度上具有较好的相关关系,并且南海台风活动频数变化先于ONI指数半个周期。1980-1985年间,在1.5-3 a的周期尺度上SOI指数和南海台风活动频数具有较好的相关关系,且两序列同步变化。     

防城港湾潮余流及潮汐不对称特征

【目的】研究防城港湾潮汐和潮流不对称特征,以期对防城港湾的开发、治理和利用提供科学参考。【方法】利用同步实测的水文资料和同期的水深地形数据,建立防城港湾及其邻近海域的水动力数学模型,对潮汐潮流过程进行数值模拟研究,分析防城港湾Eular、Stokes与Lagrange余流的时空特征,以及防城港湾的潮汐和潮流不对称的基本特征及其产生原因。【结果与结论】1)由于潮汐变形,Stokes与Eular余流在大潮期间量值相当、方向相反。防城港湾Eular余流不能指示水体(物质)输运的方向。2)大潮期间Eular与Lagrange余流流速大,小潮期间则比较弱。3)水体输运主要表现为正压流特征,即深槽处水体向海输运,浅滩处水体向上游湾顶方向输运。4)东湾、西湾的潮汐和潮流总体上均表现为落潮主导型。对潮汐不对称的第一贡献来自K1/O1/M2分潮组合,第二贡献主要为K1/M2/MK3分潮组合,表明浅水分潮有一定作用。5)K1/O1/M2分潮组合与总体的潮汐不对称具有较好的相关性,其它分潮组合的贡献一般情况下并不能改变潮汐不对称的总体型式。潮流不对称亦呈现落潮主导型。潮汐不对称和潮流不对称二者一致。     

湛江港湾及邻近海域有色溶解有机物光谱吸收特性分析

于2016年9月18日至9月27日对湛江湾海域有色溶解有机物(CDOM)进行调查,分析CDOM的吸收系数ag(440)、光谱斜率(S_g)空间分布特征及其关系。结果表明:湛江湾海域CDOM的吸收系数ag(440)变化范围为0.23~0.71 m~(-1),平均值为0.49 m~(-1);S_g值的变化范围为0.005 2~0.019 7 nm~(-1),平均值为0.010 9 nm~(-1);ag(440)的水平空间分布表明,湛江湾外海CDOM浓度显著低于湾内水平,而光谱斜率S_g水平空间分布则显示湾内和湾外S_g差异性不明显,且ag(440)与S_g负相关关系不明显。     

GPS接收机仪器偏差的长期变化特性分析

基于欧洲定轨中心2001-2009年发布的部分IGS测站接收机仪器偏差估值,分析了不同类型接收机DCB的长期变化特性.结果表明:各类接收机DCB的长期时变特征均具备一定的周期性,其中以月和年周期最为明显;接收机DCB的长期变化中还存在一定的波动,部分接收机DCB的稳定性随时间积累逐渐变差,甚至存在偏移.     

中国大陆连续GPS时间序列垂向周期信号空间分布

利用中国大陆构造环境监测网络连续GPS基准站数据,揭示垂向周期振幅及相位的空间分布特征。结果表明,各站垂向周期信号表现出明显的季节变化,半年周期信号的平均振幅只有年周期信号的1/4,二者呈现出不同的空间分布。年周期信号的振幅在空间上自西向东逐渐递减,东南沿海地区振幅较小,川滇地区年周期振幅较大;半年周期振幅自西南向东北逐渐减小,华北地区和川滇地区的半年周期现象较为明显。年周期与半年周期信号的相位有较大差异,年周期信号的峰值出现在2月到8月之间,半年周期信号峰值大多出现在1月和5月,并且有明显的分区特征。年周期信号峰值出现的时间会随纬度的增大逐渐变晚,同纬度下沿海地区的年周期信号峰值出现月份晚于内陆;半年周期信号峰值在西南、东北、华北地区多出现在5月,在华南、华中、西北北部地区多出现在1月。     

短周期气压波对青岛台体应变的影响分析

利用相关分析、回归分析和交叉小波变换等方法，研究青岛台短周期（小于128 min）气压波和体应变的相关系数、气压系数和时频谱。结果表明，影响青岛台体应变的短周期气压波的优势周期为16~128 min。周期小于16 min（高频段）时，相关系数较小，随周期增大而增大；周期大于16 min（低频段）时，相关系数较大，趋于稳定。在相关系数较大且稳定的周期，气压系数为（3.5~3.6）×10-9/hPa，其中周期为16~64 min的气压系数随时间波动最小。交叉小波变换能更细致地揭示不同周期气压波和体应变在时频域的相关关系。     

黔北务正道地区铝土矿形成环境的古盐度识别

通过对黔北务川—正安—道真铝土矿中的B、Sr、Ba、V、Zr及其生物标志化合物的分析,对务正道地区铝土矿沉积环境
的古盐度进行了研究。结果表明,铝土矿的沉积受到海洋环境的影响,主要形成于半咸水-淡水环境中。沉积环境为半封闭海
湾,海侵使成矿区低盐度水体变为半咸水或咸水,随后陆地淡水输入等淡化作用将半咸水或咸水淡化,淡化的程度与范围取决于
淡化时间的长短,经淡化后的水体在下一轮海侵中再次被咸化,水体的古盐度随海平面升降在淡水-咸水之间循环。      

黄河三角洲海岸冲淤及泥沙输运模型数值模拟分析

黄河三角洲是陆海交界地带,陆地海洋相互作用显著,泥沙所引起的岸滩演变、港口航道的淤积、水动力环境的改变等问题比较复杂。该文采用三维HEM-3D数值模型对黄河三角洲海域流场变化、盐度、悬浮泥沙浓度及海岸冲淤分布进行了潮流周期内的数值模拟分析。结果表明,黄河三角洲海域的悬浮泥沙浓度分布与潮流场变化和河口泥沙输入有密切的关系,在三角洲北部受五号桩外强潮流区的影响,近岸海底的泥沙发生明显的再悬浮,并在涨潮流向南输送,含沙量达1.5 g/L左右。在三角洲南部(现行河口区域和莱州湾区域),受现行河口入海泥沙扩散的影响显著。海域年冲淤分布,在北部废弃三角洲区域,由于海洋动力作用强烈,浅水冲刷,海底侵蚀显著,形成了明显呈沿岸展布的侵蚀中心,在侵蚀中心以外,侵蚀快速减弱。在现行河口区域,以淤积为主,在羽状流扩散的控制下,泥沙入海后向南输运,至莱州湾区域逐渐减弱。数值模拟的结果与卫星遥感解译的岸线变化基本一致,效果良好。     

Change of annual extreme water levels and correlation with river discharges in the middle-lower Yangtze River: Characteristics and possible affecting factors

As one of the fastest developing regions in China, the middle-lower Yangtze River(MLYR) is vulnerable to floods and droughts. With obtained time series of annual highest water level(HWL), annual lowest water level(LWL) and the corresponding river discharges from three gauging stations in MLYR that covering the period 1987–2011, the current study evaluated the change characteristics of annual extreme water levels and the correlation with river discharges by using the methods of trend test, Mann-Whitney-Pettitt(MWP) test and double mass analysis. Major result indicated a decreasing/increasing trend for annual HWL/LWL of all stations in MLYR during the study period. A change point in 1999 was identified for annual HWL at the Hankou and Datong stations. The year 2006 was found to be the critical year that the relationship between annual extreme water levels and river discharges changed in the MLYR. With contrast to annual LWL in MLYR, further investigation revealed that the change characteristics of annual HWL were highly consistent with regional precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin, while the linkage with Three Gorges Dam(TGD) operation is not strong. Our observation also pointed out that the effect of serious down cutting of the riverbed and the enlargement of the cross-section area during the initial period of TGD operation caused the downward trend of the relationship between annual LWL and river discharge. Whereas, the relatively raised river water level before the flood season due to TGD regulation since 2006 explained for the changing upward trend of the relationship between annual HWL and river discharge.     

DYNAMIC VARIATION OF NITROGEN CONTENT IN THE SECOND SONGHUA RIVER

ＴｈｅｗａｔｅｒｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＳｅｃｏｎｄＳｏｎｇｈｕａＲｉｖｅｒｈａｓｂｅｅｎｐａｉｄｍｕｃｈａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｔｏｆｏｒａｌｏｎｇｔｉｍｅ．Ｍａｎｙｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｈａｖｅｄｏｎｅａｌｏｔｏｆｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｗｏｒｋｏｎｉｔ，ｂｕｔｍｏｓｔｏｆｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓｗｅｒｅｔｏｆｏｃｕｓｏｎｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄｏｒｇａｎｉｃｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｎｗａｔｅｒ，ａｎｄｌｉｔｔｌｅａｂｏｕｔｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎ（Ｆｕｅｔ…     

Temporal Change of Runoff and Sediment Load and their Differential Response to Human Activities：A Case Study for a Well-vegetated Mountain Watershed of Southern China

This study examined the temporal trends of runoff and sediment load and their differential response to human activities in the Lishui river,a tributary of the Yangtze river in southern China.The long-term observation data at four gauging stations,generally involving two periods from 1954 to 1985 and from 2007 to 2011,were used.We detected no significant temporal trend for both the annual runoff volume（Q） and the annual suspended Sediment Load（SL） over more than 30 years before 1985.The flow duration curves and the Suspended Sediment Concentration（SSC） also hold constant before 1985.Compared with the period before 1985,SL has decreased by about 80% though Q remains unchanged for the period after 2007.Detailed examination shows that the flow duration curves after 2007 have changed with a significant decrease in the high-flow component,which acts as a major cause for the decreasing SL.In addition,SSC has decreased by several times,which also contributes to the decrease in SL after 2007.Both decreases in high-flow discharges and in SSC can be linked with recent human activities,mainly including vegetation establishment and dam constructions.The constant Q and the decreasing SL are also reported for the main stream of the Yangtze River and other major rivers in southern China,although they are orders of magnitude larger than our study area in drainage area size.The present study highlights the importance of high-flow discharges on SL and suggests that the use of SL is more appropriate to reflect environmental change than Q.     

钦州湾牡蛎线粒体16SrRNA和COI基因片段的序列变异分析

利用线粒体16SrRNA基因和线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（cvtocllrome oxidase Ⅰ，COI）基因片段初步研究钦州湾牡蛎（Ostxea）的物种组成。以特异引物进行PCR扩增，对扩增产物进行纯化、测序，分析表明，16SrRNA基因部分长度为413bp，COI基因部分长度为535bp，2种牡蛎序列的碱基组成均显示出较高的A＋T比例：16SrRNA基因598％；COI基因605％。对位排序比较表明，16SrRNA片段种内个体间变异较小，存在7个变异位点，4种单倍型，其中包括5个转换位点突变，2个颠换位点突变；COI片段有30个碱基存在变异，7种单倍型，其中包括16个转换位点突变，14个颠换位点突变。运用MEGA4软件计算出不同个体间的遗传距离，并构建了NJ和UPGMA系统树。香港牡蛎（Crassostrea hongkongensis）16SrRNA和COI序列与白肉牡蛎的遗传距离均为0000，有明巨牡蛎（Crassostrea ariakensis）16SrRNA和COI序列和红肉牡蛎（redmeatostxea）的遗传距离分别为0000和0011，白肉牡蛎16SrRNA和COI序列和红肉牡蛎之间的遗传距离分别为0035和0146。结果表明，钦州湾牡蛎分为2个不同的种，线粒体16SrRNA和COI基因在种间存在明显的多态性，证实了16SrRNA和COI基因序列适用于牡蛎的系统学分析。     

钦州湾牡蛎线粒体16S rRNA和COⅠ基因片段的序列变异分析

利用线粒体16S rRNA基因和线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(cytochrome oxidaseⅠ,COⅠ)基因片段初步研究钦州湾牡蛎(Ostrea)的物种组成。以特异引物进行PCR扩增,对扩增产物进行纯化、测序,分析表明,16S rRNA基因部分长度为413bp,COⅠ基因部分长度为535bp,2种牡蛎序列的碱基组成均显示出较高的A+T比例:16S rRNA基因59.8%;COⅠ基因60.5%。对位排序比较表明,16S rRNA片段种内个体间变异较小,存在7个变异位点,4种单倍型,其中包括5个转换位点突变,2个颠换位点突变;COⅠ片段有30个碱基存在变异,7种单倍型,其中包括16个转换位点突变,14个颠换位点突变。运用MEGA4软件计算出不同个体间的遗传距离,并构建了NJ和UPGMA系统树。香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)16S rRNA和COⅠ序列与白肉牡蛎的遗传距离均为0.000,有明巨牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis)16S rRNA和COⅠ序列和红肉牡蛎(red meat ostrea)的遗传距离分别为0.000和0.011,白肉牡蛎16S rRNA和COⅠ序列和红肉牡蛎之间的遗传距离分别为0.035和0.146。结果表明,钦州湾牡蛎分为2个不同的种,线粒体16S rRNA和COⅠ基因在种间存在明显的多态性,证实了16S rRNA和COⅠ基因序列适用于牡蛎的系统学分析。     

基于小波分析的地震能量释放研究

基于地震能量与贝尼奥夫应变的关系,采用1990～2016年云南省地震局发布的所有震级地震目录和1969～2016年中国地震台网中心发布的M≥5.0地震目录,计算得到云南和中国及邻区的地震应变释放时间序列,然后采用连续小波变换方法分析出地震周期并讨论其特征和成因。结果表明,云南地区地震活动大致具有4 000 d（约11 a）的地震活动长周期,其中2008年大致具有12 d和32 d的短周期;中国及邻区地震活动大致具有400 d（约1 a）、1 400 d（约4 a）的短周期和6 a、16 a、27 a的长周期。     

Numerical simulation of seawater intrusion from estuary into river using a coupled modeling system

One of the most important causes of the freshwater shortage in estuarine area is the increasing seawater intrusion into the river. To simulate seawater intrusion properly, two important factors should be considered. One is the bidirectional and time-dependent coupling effects between river discharges and tidal forces. The other is the three-dimensional and stratified structure of dynamic processes involved. However, these two factors have rarely been investigated simultaneously, or they were often simplified in previous researches, especially for the estuary connected with an upstream river network through multiple outlets such as the Pearl River Estuary (PRE). In order to consider these two factors, a numerical modeling system, which couples a one-dimensional river network model with a three-dimensional unstructured-grid Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM), has been developed and successfully applied to the simulation of seawater intrusion into rivers emptying into the PRE. By treating the river network with a one-dimensional model, computational efficiency has been improved. With coupling 1D and 3D models, the specification of up-stream boundary conditions becomes more convenient. Simulated results are compared with field measured data. Good agreement indicates that the modeling system may correctly capture the physical processes of seawater intrusion into rivers.     

Analysis of channel bank erosion rate using exposed roots of trees: a case study of lavij stream,northern Alborz Mountains,Iran

Powerful alluvial rivers in the northern Alborz mountain ranges erode river banks due to having high slopes.Most of these rivers flow in forest areas.In this research,the rate of the river bank erosion was examined using the exposed roots of the trees.For this purpose,8 reaches of Lavij Stream were investigated.To determine the first year of root exposure,two sets of macroscopic and microscopic indicators were utilized.Accordingly,the rate of the stream bank erosion was estimated.The results were analyzed by using statistical test,which showed insignificant differences between the two groups of indicators.Due to its more abundance(frequency)on the margins and easy detection of its root through the exposure(macroscopic and microscopic)indicators,Alnus glutinosa(black alder)species could be more easily and accurately analyzed as compared with any other tree species in the region.The mean erosion rate of the riverbank using the extruded roots was estimated to be 0.08 m/yr.The hydrological analyses of flood flows showed that 95%of Lavij Stream bank erosion was caused by the river bank full discharges with a return period of 1-3 years.     

基于流域盆地面积的郑洛地区史前聚落遗址分析

本文以郑洛地区为研究区域,以裴李岗文化时期、仰韶文化前期、仰韶文化后期和龙山文化时期为时间序列,对研究区域的流域盆地面积与相应的遗址点数量的关系、流域盆地面积与相应的遗址点增长速率的关系,以及各个流域盆地中遗址点分布密度的时空分布特征进行了研究。结果显示：（1）通过相关方法分析,以数字化的形式表明了流域盆地面积与分布的遗址点数量呈显著的正相关关系,且裴李岗文化时期的相关程度与其他3个文化时期相比较小;（2）对各流域盆地内遗址点的变化趋势分析发现,流域盆地面积与分布的遗址点变化趋势呈显著的正相关关系,这也解释了流域盆地黄河流域（B）、伊洛河流域（C）的变化趋势最快的缘由;（3）对各流域盆地内遗址点的分布密度进行分级可发现,在裴李岗文化时期,东部地区遗址点的分布密度大于西部地区,而其他3个文化时期是中西部地区大于东部地区。     

Nutrients distribution and trophic status assessment in the northern Beibu Gulf,China

Using historical and 2010 field data, the distribution of nutrients in the northern Beibu Gulf of China is described. There was a decreasing trend in the concentration of nutrients from the north coast to offshore waters of the northern Beibu Gulf, reflecting the influence of inputs from land-based sources. High concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN） and phosphate （PO4-P） occurred mainly at Fangchenggang Bay, Qinzhou Bay, and Lianzhou Bay. Four different methods were used to assess eutrophication. The trophic status of the Beibu Gulf was characterized using the single factor, Eutrophication index （El）, Trophic index （TRIX） and Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status （ASSETS） methods. Based on nutrient concentrations, 73.9% of DIN and 26.7% of PO4-P samples exceeded the fourth grade Seawater Quality Standard of China. Eutrophication index values varied widely, but higher levels of eutrophication were generally found in bays and estuaries. TRIX values ranged from 2.61 to 7.27, with an average of 4.98, indicating a mesotrophic and moderately productive system. A positive correlation between TRIX and harmful algal species richness and abundance was observed. The ASSETS model evaluates eutrophication status based on a Pressure-State-Response approach, including three main indices： influencing factors, overall eutrophic condition, and future outlook. The Beibu Gulf was graded as moderate using ASSETS. The single factor and Chinese nutrient index methods were considered inadequate for the assessment of trophic status. TRIX can be used as an indicator of trophic state and ASSETS showed good potential to assess eutrophication. The results of TRIX and ASSETS depend on threshold values. To establish these values, further research is required within the northern Beibu Gulf.