大荔人化石层位上限年龄的地质学证据

1978年春刘顺堂在陕西大荔县段家乡解放村东的甜水沟发现一个比较完整的人头骨化石,属早期智人中较古老的类型,代表一个新的亚种-智人大荔亚种(Homosopiensdaliensis),俗称大荔人^[1]。这一发现填补了我国人类发展史上的一个空缺。据铀系年龄,大荔人的时限为019～0．23MaB．P．^[2]。1998年春我们考察了大荔人头骨化石地点及附近的地质地貌,对黄土一古土壤序列给予特别的注意。在地貌上,化石地点位于洛河左岸合阳黄土源的段家梁。段家梁附近发育有两级黄土台地。第2台地由洛河第3级阶地及上覆黄土-古土壤序列两部分构成。洛河第3级阶地的层序自下而上为：1)淡黄色粗砂砾石层,150cm     

垣曲盆地最高阶地风尘堆积形成时代及其构造意义

对垣曲盆地原土坪阶地剖面进行了详细的沉积学和磁性地层学研究,结果表明,原土坪剖面地层自下而上由水下河湖相-漫滩相-风尘堆积构成,整个剖面记录了一个水位下降、由水下沉积环境转变为气下环境的连续堆积过程。剖面地层记录的1.84～1.62MaB.P.期间由河湖相沉积环境转变为典型风尘堆积的沉积转型及风尘堆积反映出的1.21MaB.P.前后古气候变化事件是对青藏高原青藏运动C幕和昆黄运动的区域沉积响应。开始于1.62MaB.P.的典型风尘堆积底界年龄代表了该级阶地的形成时代,表明该段黄河至少在此时已经形成。     

山西省第四纪全新世选仁组沱阳组的建立

以代县选仁村古文化遗址剖面为层型，在前人工作的基础上，将河流Ⅰ级阶地堆积建立选仁组。该组二元结构清晰，地貌特征明显，有同位素测年数据，与下伏峙峪组为侵蚀不整合接触。据地貌单元和测年资料，该组时限１２０００—２３００ａ，为全新世早期。将高河漫滩阶地和现代河床堆积建立沱阳组，属河流最新堆积，地貌特征明显，系明显切割选仁组（Ⅰ级阶地）地层之后再堆积而成，其下限年龄２３００ａ，为全新世晚期地层。以上两组的建立代表山西省全省范围内全新世地层的划分     

龙虎山丹霞地貌区河流阶地地貌面的热释光测年研究

采用热释光(TL)测年方法对龙虎山丹霞地貌区泸溪河的阶地进行了年代学研究,获得了低阶地沉积物的堆积年代及其阶地面的形成时代,该区河流主要发育两级阶地,T1阶地堆积于3 400~6 000 a B.P.,其地貌面形成于3 400~4 000 a,T2阶地堆积于7 600~11 200 a B.P.,该级地貌面形成于7 600~8 000 a B.P.。利用低阶地地貌面的年代学成果,推算出龙虎山丹霞地貌区地壳隆升速率为0.33~0.63 m/ka,根据这一速率推算得出,第一夷平面形成于6×104a左右,第二夷平面形成于28×104a左右。分布于这些夷平面上的丹霞地貌景观的年龄与此相当。     

长江安庆段河谷区第四系沉积特征与古河道演化

长江安庆段NE向河谷中发育河流相与山麓相两套沉积体系。文章基于实测第四系钻孔资料,通过构建NW向、NNE向钻孔对比剖面,揭示了该区长江冲积平原、岗地等地质地貌单元地层组合特征;结合区域新构造运动特征、气候变化等资料分析,探讨了长江河谷古河道演化历程。研究结果表明：长江安庆段河谷区发育了至少2个由含砾粗砂到含粉砂黏土的河流沉积旋回,两侧岗地同期沉积了下蜀组及戚家叽组山麓相地层;第四系沉积物由河流冲积、风成堆积等多种成因类型组成,经历了早中更新世冲洪积,中晚更新世风成堆积、河流下切侵蚀与充填等地质过程;新构造运动、冰期-间冰期气候旋回波动、海平面升降等因素共同影响了长江安庆段古河道演化历程。     

青藏高原层状地貌与高原隆升

夷平面、剥蚀面和河流阶地等层状地貌面是长周期地貌演化研究的主要对象,它们不仅记录了区域地貌的发育历史,而且可以用来反演区域构造活动、气候变化等内动力过程的演变。深入研究青藏高原上这些地貌面的特征、变形、成因和形成时代,是探讨青藏高原隆升年代、幅度和过程的重要途径。野外考察与室内制图表明青藏高原及其边缘山地普遍存在两级夷平面(山顶面、主夷平面)、一级剥蚀面和多级河流阶地。主夷平面形成于7.0～3.6MaB.P.,形成时其高度在1000m以下。大约3.6MaB.P.前主夷平面开始大规模解体,标志着青藏高原强烈抬升的开始。剥蚀面和河流阶地揭示,1.8MaB.P.,1.2MaB.P.,0.8MaB.P.和0.15MaB.P.是青藏高原强隆升事件发生时期     

白利雅盆地构造地貌解析及鲜水河断裂北西段水平滑移速率

白利雅盆地位于青藏高原东部,鲜水河断裂带北西段炉霍活断层与达曲活断层的斜接部位.通过野外实际考查,结合Google Earth地图发现白利雅盆地发育一系列的构造地貌:断层三角面、坡中槽、断错阶地、废弃河道、裂陷湖和阶地面变形.盆地发育的4级阶地是构造成因.废弃河道是新的断裂活动形成的新冲沟、新河道——达曲,其快速下切,废弃老河道,形成狭长的‘U’型沟谷.鲜水河断裂的北西段炉霍活断层切过T3河流阶地,说明其(白利雅以北)是在大约14.92kaB.P.以后形成的,可能预示着构造应力场的变化和白利雅盆地形成.对盆地4级阶地(T1,T2,T3和T4)的河流沉积物光释光(OSL)测年结果分别是1.06±0.06kaB.P.,1.83±0.06kaB.P.,14.92±0.76kaB.P.和42.48±2.35kaB.P,代表了相应阶地的沉积年龄.这些结果与阶地前缘陡坎断错的距离计算显示,从42.48kaB.P.和14.92kaB.P.以来,断层走向平均移动速率分别为3.73mm/a和0.85mm/a,显示从中更新世晚期以来,鲜水河断裂带炉霍活断层水平滑移有减慢的趋势.在42.48 ～ 14.92kaB.P.,14.92～1.83kaB.P.和1.83 ～ 1.06kaB.P.,相邻阶地垂向隆升或河流下切的速率分别为0.14mm/a(T4～T3),4.66mm/a(T3 ～ T2)和5.19mm/a(T2～ T1),显示从中更新世晚期以来,阶地垂直隆升或河流下切有加快的趋势.     

利用河流阶地约束活动逆冲- 褶皱构造变形速率的不确定性：以天山北麓为例

河流地貌，特别是河流阶地是新构造与构造地貌、活动构造研究的一个重要对象，常用来刻画下伏构造变形的速率与时空模式，但利用河流地貌约束构造变形速率存在潜在的不确定性。基于十多年在天山北麓开展的构造地貌研究，认为不确定性主要包括以下4个方面：① 与阶地定年策略有关的不确定性。对于晚更新世末—全新世的年轻阶地，利用阶地沉积顶部年龄和上覆堆积底界年龄分别约束得到的变形速率可能存在比较大的差异，本研究中这种差异为50%；对于更老阶地，用这两个年龄限定的变形速率差异不大。② 与阶地对比有关的不确定性。沿背斜走向，河流过程对构造活动（如背斜基岩抬升）的响应存在时间上的不同步性。因此，对于发育在同一背斜构造上的不同河流，用某条河流已定年阶地的年龄，基于河流间的阶地对比确定另一条河未定年阶地的年龄，可能会导致阶地年龄不可忽视的偏差，进而造成对变形速率及其时空模式的误判。③ 与河流阶地位相相关的不确定性。不同成因的阶地均能呈现特定的阶地位相（向下游收敛或发散），这不利于基于阶地拔河高度的上下游阶地对比，也不利于利用阶地探讨构造活动的空间特征。④ 对于跨背斜或者断层的地貌面，由于背斜翼部或断层下降盘相对构造下沉，早期形成的地貌面将被后期的沉积物埋藏，这增加了利用该地貌面准确刻画下伏构造变形特征的难度，相关工作也要求构造两侧的变形参考面为同级地貌面。以上不确定性在利用河流地貌刻画逆断裂- 褶皱构造变形特征的研究中需要予以注意。     

南京汤山驼子洞洞穴堆积及其意义

通过对南京汤山驼子洞洞穴堆积观察描述和样品分析测试,结合前人研究成果和汤山地区地质地貌演化的历史,讨论了驼子洞堆积的时代、堆积过程和方式,并对其蕴含的构造、地貌、气候和生物进化等古环境信息进行了合理的挖掘。初步研究表明驼子洞堆积可能是跨早更新世与中更新世早期的地层,其上部含哺乳动物化石的堆积可能反映了偏暖的气候环境。     

祁连山北麓河流阶地与新构造演化

对祁连山北麓十几条河流的阶地进行野外调查和测量,获得大量河流阶地的分布特征、高度、结构、发育程度和形成年龄等资料和数据,分析河流阶地的发育和变形特征及其与新构造活动的关系,划分几种挤压构造区阶地的变形模式及其所反映的新构造演化特征。从阶地发育的年龄序列划分本区自中更新世中期以来,约0．45～0．15MaB．P．和约0．15MaB．P．至今的两次强烈构造活动阶段,以及它们分别具有的约0．100和约30000a的间歇性构造波动。对东西部不同地段阶地发育与变形特征对比研究表明,祁连山北麓西部新构造活动比东部强烈。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with