宁夏地区地磁转换函数变化及其与近震的关系

计算分析了银川台１９８３年１月～１９９６年１０月的地磁周期Ｔ＝９～２００ｍｉｎ的复转换函数Ａ的模｜Ａ｜、总误差σｚ和帕金森矢量或韦氏矢量,并将其在银川台４００ｋｍ范围内８次中强地震发生时的变化进行了研究。结果表明：周期为１２、２０、２６、３５、４５、６０、７５、９０ｍｉｎ的｜Ａ｜、σｚ磁方位角αｐ及其方差Δαｐ在震前有明显的异常变化,帕金森矢量或韦氏矢量在震前指向震中。     

上海地区地磁转换函数变化及其与近震的关系

计算分析了上海地区佘山台１９７７年１月－１９８６年１２月和崇明台１９８３年１月－１９８９年９月的地磁周期Ｔ＝９－２００ｍｉｎ的复转换函数Ａ的模│Ａ│，总方差σｚ和帕金森林矢量或韦氏矢量，并将其在上海地区９０－３００ＫＭ范围内４次５－６级近震发生时的烨变化进行了研究。结果表明周期为１５、２０和３５ｍｉｎ的│Ａ│和σｚ值在震前明显异常，帕金森矢量或韦氏矢量在震前指向震中，震后回到正常位置，在此基础上，     

乌鲁木齐台地磁短周期变化与邻区地震

利用转换函数方法计算自理了乌鲁木齐台１９９０年１月～１９９７年１２月地磁短周期Ｔ为９～２００ｍｉｎ的复转换函数Ａ、Ｂ之模Ａ、Ｂ、总方差σz以及帕金森矢量,并对其 在乌鲁木齐地区２５０ｋｍ范围内１５次４．０～５．７级地震发生前后的变化进行了研究。结果表明：不同周期的转换函数Ａ、Ｂ以及总方差σz值在震前均有明显异常。     

地磁短周期变化异常对中国中强地震的响应

我们考察了发生在中国的１１个具有代表性的地震后发现。地震前地磁短周期转换函数的帕金森矢量或韦氏矢量指向震中方向，转换函数│Ａ│或│Ｂ│值明显偏离正常值以及总误差δｚ显著增大，均为未来地震的发生和震中方向提供了判断依据。应用此法，我们成功地预报了Ｍｓ５．１地震。中国地震科技工作者认为，震前地磁短周期变化异常是客观存在的。物理基础是清楚的，是有希望的地震短临预报方法。     

喀什台地磁短周期变化特征与周围地震对应关系

在地震孕育过程中,由于应力的集中、积累、释放,使得应变场内介质磁性发生变化。特别是短周期的地磁异常变化与地震发生前后的地磁扰动密切相关。采用地磁短周期转换函数方法,用喀什地磁台1990－1998年的地磁观测资料,分析计算得出1990年以来几次6级以上强震包括伽师地震前后,周期为9－200分钟的地磁短周期转换函数│A│、│B│、总方差σz及帕金森矢量参数、相应的频率响应关系。     

武汉地磁转换函数变化与地震的关系

利用转换函数的方法,分析武汉地震台1990年1月至2000年12月地磁短周期T=9-200 min的转换函数A、B的模[A|、|B|及总方差δZ的月变化,并对周围500 km范围内的4次Ms4.0以上地震进行分析.分析结果表明:不同周期的转换函数A、B以及总方差δZ在震前有明显变化.     

用地磁转换函数研究震源区介质的电性变化

以兰州地区视电阻率yx曲线与该地区地磁转换函数变化和中强近震的分析研究为例，从震磁效应的观点出发，发现可用地下电导率值将兰州地区自地表向下分为异常层、过渡层、无异常层和异常层4层，只有异常层中转换函数的模｜A｜、｜B｜，磁方位角均值P及其均方差P，以及总方差Z随时间的变化在地震前有明显异常．由此可推测，异常层与地震活动区地下介质电导率的非均匀性变化有密切关系．此现象为进一步的机理研究提供了一种途径．其内涵和规律，还须深入研究．      

临汾台地磁转换函数变化与邻区地震的关系

利用转换函数的方法对临汾台1988年1月至1998年12月地磁资料进行了计算处理，用所得到的转换函数A、B的模|A|、|B|及总方差δz的月变化，来考察地震前后地下电性结构的变化。对1988年以来发生在临汾台周边地区的3次Ms4.0以上地震前后临汾台地磁转换函数的变化情况进行了研究。结果表明：不同周期的转换函数A、B以及总方差δz在震前有明显变化。     

关中地区地磁转换函数变化与地震关系初探

利用转换函数的方法对乾陵、泾阳、周至台1991—2002年地磁资料进行了计算处理,对关中各台地磁转换函数的变化特征进行了初步分析探讨。结果表明：不同周期的转换函数A、B以及总方差σz和△αρ在震前有明显变化;转换函数异常幅度不仅与周期有关,也和地震的震中距和震级有关。     

太原基准地震台地磁转换函数变化与邻区地震的关系

利用转换函数方法对太原基准地震台1989年1月至1998年12月的地磁资料进行了计算，用所得到的转换函数A，B的模|A|,|B|及总方差δZ的月变化，来研究地震前后地下电性结构的变化。对1989年以来山西及周边地区的5次Ms5.0以上地震前后太原基准地震台地磁转换函数的变化进行了研究。得出不同周期的转换函数A，B以及总方差δZ在震前有明显变化的结论。     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

On the use of the autocorrelation method for estimating the depth to the magnetic basement

The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4.     

固体潮的地震预测研究与地球动力学研究之分析比较

本文分析了现行固体潮地震研究中的历史影响,对比研究了固体潮地震预测研究和固体潮地球动力学研究二者在振动频率、振动源体积、传输距离与介质等方面的地球物理特点与本质区别,强调了固体潮地震预测研究中最根本的工作是建立地震预测的目标和基本概念.     

On the Mechanism of the Secular Tidal Acceleration of the Solid Inner Core and the Viscosity of the Liquid Core

As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 ³ Poise     

Macrobenthic communities of the Pechora Sea: the past and the present on the threshhold of the prirazlomnoye oil-field exploitation

On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors.     

动水压力对深水桥墩地震响应影响的研究综述

地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

中国大陆构造环境监测网络基准站多路径效应影响因素浅析

在数据完整率达到95%的基础上,为进一步确保中国大陆构造环境监测网络GNSS基准站观测数据质量,选取2010—2020年全国基准站观测数据,采用TEQC软件进行质量检验,分类整理其中多路径效应计算结果呈典型特征的台站,结合观测环境状态,对多路径效应存在的区域性特征进行分析,发现除接收机天线周围发生遮挡外,硬件更换、台站周围地势差等因素,均对多路径效应产生不同程度的影响,可为建站选址和观测环境监测工作提供参考。