Object-oriented Urban Dynamic Monitoring——A Case Study of Haidian District of Beijing

It is crucial to conduct the land use/cover research to obtain the global change information.Urban area is one of the most sensitive areas in land use/cover change.Therefore land use/cover change in urban areas is very im-portant in global change.It is vital to incorporate the information of urban land use/cover change into the process of decision-making about urban area development.In this paper,a new urban change detection approach,urban dynamic monitoring based on objects,is introduced.This approach includes four steps:1)producing multi-scale objects from multi-temporal remotely sensed images with spectrum,texture and context information;2)extracting possible changed objects adopting object-oriented classification;3)obtaining shared objects as the basic units for urban change detection;4)determining the threshold to segment the changed objects from the possible changed objects using Otsu method.In this paper,the object-based approach was applied to detecting the urban expansion in Haidian District,Beijing,China with two Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM)data in 1997 and 2004.The results indicated that the overall accuracy was about 84.83%,and Kappa about 0.785.Compared with other conventional approaches,the object-based approach was advantageous in reducing the error accumulation of image classification of each datum and in independence to the radiometric correction and image registration accuracy.     

Analysis of Social Integration Models of Tourism Labor Migrants——A Case Study of Jiuhua Mountain of Anhui Province,China

The grounded theory of qualitative methods was applied to researching the social integration of tourism labor migrants in the Jiuhua Mountain of Anhui Province, China. The research was conducted based on the in-depth interviewing of 15 samples, open-consultation and the analysis of secondhand data. The integration models of tourism labor migrants in the Jiuhua Mountain were formed through four processes including theoretic sampling, coding-analysis, cross-tabulation and contextualization. The result shows that modes of production and life styles decide self-integration orientation of tourism labor migrants in the Jiuhua Mountain. Cultural differences are fundamental dissimilarity between tourism labor migrants and natives. There are three kinds of integration models including rapid, free and gradually advancing integration. The differences among different types of migrants＇ integration models are remarkable. Taking the working integration as the abscissa and taking the life integration as the coordinate, an ＂S＂ model of integration matrix appears in the gradually advancing integration of intermediate and high administers from the working to the life which should be paid special attention to.     

The Impact of Large-Scale Reclamation on Hydro-Dynamic Environment——A Case Study of Xinghua Bay

A hydro-dynamic model is established on basis of MIKE21 FM to simulate the hydro-dynamic characteristics of Xinghua Bay and investigate the influence of reclamation project on the tidal elevation and tidal currents. Tidal elevation data was obtained at the six tide gauge stations around the Xinghua Bay, and another six current stations were established to observe the tidal current velocity and direction. Validation shows that the model-simulated tidal elevation and tidal currents agree well with observations made at different stations. Predictions are made according to the reclamation project proposed in the regional marine planning of Hanjiang Industrial Park around the port in Putian City. The variations of hydro-dynamic factors, such as tide, current velocity and direction and tidal influx are obtained, and the adverse effect of reclamation on marine environment is discussed. It is shown that the tidal level inside the Xinghua Bay during high tide decreases after the reclamation project is completed. The tidal currents during flooding tide generally decrease in the southeast of the reclamation region, with the maximum decreasing amplitude reaching 0.44 m s^-1. On the other hand, the tidal currents during flooding tide increase around the southeast and southwest corners of the reclamation region. The tidal currents during ebb tide increase around the southeast and southwest corners of the reclamation region, with the maximum increasing amplitude attaining 0.18 m s^-1. The results in this paper can give some guidance for the marine environment management and the effective utilization of land in Putian.     

ANALYSIS ON AGRICULTRUAL INFORMATION DEMAND——Case of Jilin Province

With the rapid development of agricultural informalization in the world, the demand of agricultural information has been a focus in the international agriculture and information fields. Based on the investigation, this paper presented the four characteristics of the demand of agricultural information in China, includingregionality, seasonality, great potential demand and variation in kind and level. The factors infuencing the demand of agricultural information were analyzed by the Optimized Less Square （OLS） method. The result shows that, of all factors influcing agricultural information demand, the most important one is economy, the second is facility of information pass, and knowledge and education of user, credit of agricultural information service system and production situation follow. Taking Jilin Province as an example, this article also elaborated the agricultural information demand status, and deduced the regression model of agricultural information demand and verified it by the survey in rural Jilin.     

Nodes and Field of Tourist Origins to Ancient Village——A Case Study of Huangcheng Village in Shanxi Province of China

Based on Hagget's theory of spatial structure,researches on the nodes and field of tourist origins to Huang-cheng Village in Shanxi Province of China have been explored.Nodal hierarchy structure of tourist origins is analyzed with cluster analysis and the gravity model.And field of tourist origins is analyzed with attraction radius index(R)and geography concentration index(G).In the field analysis,R and G of Huangcheng Village are compared with Xidi Village that is a world heritage located in Huangshan City of Anhui Province in China.According to comparison of loca-tions of two areas,influential factors for field area of Huangcheng Village are identified.It is concluded that:1)cluster analysis and gravity model can be complementary methods to each other for nodal hierarchy structure analysis of tour-ist origins;and 2)as far as location is concerned,the weak intensity effect of tourism resources in the tourist region is a major cause for explaining why tourist origins to Huangcheng Village are mainly its neighboring areas.Moreover,it is suggested that the regional effect of tourist resources should be regarded as a component of destination attractiveness when applying gravity model.     

Image of Landscapes in Ancient Water Towns—— Case Study on Zhouzhuang and Tongli of Jiangsu Province

1 Introduction Image is generally a mental picture which is built on an environmental impression. Since the 1960s, the urban image has become a new field for studying urban spatial structure from perceptive of environment (Gu and Song, 2001). Lynch (1960) considered that urban image implies “discernable” and “impressive”. However, the urban image emphasizes urban spatial structure and landscapes. In tourism the image of destination has developed into two components closely interrelated: …     

Quality control of marine big data——a case study of real-time observation station data in Qingdao

Offshore waters provide resources for human beings, while on the other hand, threaten them because of marine disasters. Ocean stations are part of offshore observation networks, and the quality of their data is of great significance for exploiting and protecting the ocean. We used hourly mean wave height, temperature, and pressure real-time observation data taken in the Xiaomaidao station(in Qingdao, China) from June 1, 2017, to May 31, 2018, to explore the data quality using eight quality control methods, and to discriminate the most effective method for Xiaomaidao station. After using the eight quality control methods, the percentages of the mean wave height, temperature, and pressure data that passed the tests were 89.6%, 88.3%, and 98.6%, respectively. With the marine disaster(wave alarm report) data, the values failed in the test mainly due to the influence of aging observation equipment and missing data transmissions. The mean wave height is often affected by dynamic marine disasters, so the continuity test method is not effective. The correlation test with other related parameters would be more useful for the mean wave height.     

SUSTAINABLE URBAN-RURAL RELATION IN RAPID URBANIZATION AREAS——Case of Transformation of "Urban Village" in Guangzhou

1IN T R O D U C T IO NDue to acceleratingurban sprawl and suburbanizatio,nlargeareaoffarmlandwere changed intonon-agricultur-allanduse sincethelate1990s,especiallyinSouth Chi-na.Meanwhile some villageswere surrounded by urbanbuilt-upareasand became"thevillagesin urban area",which arenamed hereas"urban villages."Specificallyindefinitio,nurban villageisa ruralcom munity inurbanbuilt-upareasbecause of drasticurban sprawl,subur-banizationand industriadlispersion.A nd inrealityur-ban villagee…     

GIS-BASED ANALYSIS OF URBAN LAND-USE CHANGES——A Case Study of Haizhu District of Guangzhou City,China

１INTRODUCTIONMajorcharacteristicsofurbanizationinclude：ur－banconstructioniscontinuouslyspreading，thedemandforurbanlanduseisrapidlyswelling，andalotofa－griculturallandisconvertingintonon－agriculturalland．Whenthesecharacteristicsarereflectedinurbansys－tem，thedevelopingspeedsofbigcitiesandsupercitiesarequickening（CHEN，１９９９）．Basedonthecondi－tionofmarket，landresourcebearsthreetypesofvalueswhicharerespectivelysocialvalue，economicvalueandecologicalvalue．Theexternalexpressiv…     

不同地下水流系统模式渗流场和温度场的互相影响

在地热资源丰富的地区，需要研究不同地下水流系统发育模式下渗流场和温度场的互相影响。基于二维潜水盆地多源汇的数值模拟和室内砂箱实验，改变降雨入渗强度，通过砂箱底部加温研究上下边界不同温度差条件下的渗流场和温度场的变化。研究结果表明:①随着降雨入渗强度加大，地下水流速增大，地下水流系统由单一区域系统向复杂的局部+区域、局部+中间+区域多级嵌套系统转化，水流对温度的再分配影响变大；②补给区等温线受下降水流影响下移，排泄区等温线受上升水流影响上抬，其中区域补给区和区域排泄区温度变化幅度最大；③砂箱底部加热后，含水层潜水面下降，地下水流速增大，流线循环深度整体变大，滞留带范围缩小。温度差是地热丰富地区的地下水流系统研究中不可忽视的驱动力。      

Impact of land use change on groundwater recharge in Guishui River Basin,China

It is important to understand how land use change impacts groundwater recharge,especially for regions that are undergoing rapid urbanization and there is limited surface water.In this study,the hydrological processes and re-charge ability of various land use types in Guishui River Basin,China(in Beijing Municipality) were analyzed.The impact of land use change was investigated based on water balance modeling,WetSpass and GIS.The results indicate that groundwater recharge accounts for only 21.16% of the precipitation,while 72.54% is lost in the form of evapotranspiration.The annual-lumped groundwater recharge rate decreases in the order of cropland,grassland,urban land,and forest.Land use change has resulted in a decrease of 4 × 106 m3 of yearly groundwater recharge in the study area,with a spatially averaged rate of 100.48 mm/yr and 98.41 mm/yr in 1980 and 2005,respectively.This variation has primarily come from an increase of urban area and rural settlements,as well as a decrease of cropland.     

地下水循环结构的动力学研究进展

由地下水补给、径流和排泄过程构成的地下水循环运动，是水文循环的重要组成部分，也是水文地质学的基本研究对象。地下水循环在空间上表现为不同结构单元的组合，存在以含水层特性为依据的介质结构和以渗流场为依据的动力结构2种划分方法。地下水流系统是动力结构意义上的地下水循环单元。近10年来，区域地下水流系统理论取得了显著进展，更加全面深入地揭示了地下水循环结构的动力学特性。通过对河间地块地下水流系统的研究，发现潜水面最高点并非地下水分水岭的准确位置。在盆地尺度上，系统研究了沟谷地貌、降水入渗强度、渗透性随埋深变化和盆地厚度等因素对潜水面波形与地下水循环动力结构的影响，初步发现了动力结构的周期性或趋势性演化特征。通过大规模流线路径的精细识别或驻留时间的统计分析，提出了三维地下水循环单元的划分方法。在水文地质效应方面，发现地下水循环的动力结构对地下水年龄的分布有重要影响。地下水循环的动力结构反映了不同补给区和排泄区之间的水力联系，在盆地尺度地球化学过程、流域尺度生态水文过程中发挥着关键作用，未来的研究重点是三维地下水循环的动力特性和演变规律。      

西北内陆盆地浅层地下水温度场及动态类型: 以酒泉东盆地为例

温度是地下水的固有属性，地下水温度场和动态特征是地下水流系统的外在表现。为揭示地下水开采等人类活动影响下西北内陆盆地浅层地下水温度场特征与地下水流系统的关系，基于多点位、长序列、高精度的地下水温度监测数据，在酒泉东盆地开展了地下水温度场及动态特征研究。结果表明:酒泉东盆地浅层地下水温度9.33~20.77℃不等，平均水温为13.54℃，自地下水补给区至排泄区，沿地下水径流方向，浅层地下水温度逐渐升高；循环深度相近的不同地下水流系统对比表明，浅层地下水温度与地下水动力条件呈负相关，地表水入渗补给大、水动力条件强的水流系统地下水平均温度低，入渗补给小、水动力条件弱的地下水平均温度高；浅层地下水温度动态受自然地下水循环和地下水开采等人类活动共同影响，从山前地下水补给区到中游绿洲区再到下游排泄区，浅部地下水温度动态可划分为4种基本类型，依次分别为河流补给型、水温稳定型、开采相关型、正弦波动型。      

济南市华山湖开挖建设渗漏分析研究

该文在查明区域水文地质条件、湖区地下水的类型、分布、埋藏条件、含水层及隔水层特征、岩性结构以及地下水的补给、径流、排泄条件的基础上,通过现场试验,确定了天然状态下湖区各含水层之间的水力联系、黄河侧渗补给量及湖区向小清河的排泄量,结合数值模拟,预测了湖区维持设计蓄水位21.5m时黄河的侧渗补给量、湖区向小清河的排泄量及湖区对周边地下水位的影响。结果表明,天然状态下,黄河侧渗补给量为748.23m~3/d,湖区向小清河排泄量大约为52.03m~3/d,黄河侧渗补给量远大于湖区向小清河的排泄量。数值模拟结果表明,湖区维持设计蓄水位21.5m时,不同水文年湖区接受的侧渗补给量均大于湖区的渗漏量,且对周围地下水位的影响不超过1.5m,因此,湖区维持设计蓄水位21.5m时可不考虑防渗措施。     

THE GROUNDWATER RESOURCES AND ITSSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTIN THE SOUTH EDGE OF TARIM BASIN

1 INTRODUCTIONSustainability as present understand comes fromword protection strategy commission, which firstly putforward some wide excepted environmental sustainability principles and three important identifications forlife support system: soil, air and water. Then, in thereport of Our Common Future (WCED, 1987), theconcept of sustainable development is put to an outstanding level. Sustainable groundwater resources development is then a great issue in the recent years andthe future (…     

环境示踪剂（3H、Cl）在干旱半干旱区地下水补给研究中的应用

地下水补给资源估算是地下水资源可持续开发利用的重要依据,传统地下水资源评价工作往往是采取水均衡法或达西定律等评价地下水补给资源,很少采用环境示踪剂方法。环境示踪剂在地下水补给研究中具有重要价值,特别是在干旱半干旱地区是一种非常简单可靠的评价方法。本文介绍了两种常见的环境示踪剂（3H、Cl）方法氚峰法和氯质量平衡法的基本原理及其在地下水补给研究中的主要应用,其中氯质量平衡法不仅可以估算地下水的补给量,而且可以研究植被覆盖变化对地下水补给影响和示踪地下水补给历史及气候变化。     

Iron Regulation of Wetland Vegetation Performance Through Synchronous Effects on Phosphorus Acquisition Efficiency

Iron-rich groundwater flowing into wetlands is a worldwide environmental pollution phenomenon that is closely associated with the stability of wetland ecosystems. Combined with high phosphorus(P) loading from agricultural runoff, the prediction of the evolution of wetland vegetation affected by compound contamination is particularly urgent. We tested the effects of anaerobic iron-rich groundwater discharge in a freshwater marsh by simulating the effect of three levels of eutrophic water on native plants(Glyceria spiculosa(Fr. Schmidt.) Rosh.). The management of wetland vegetation with 1–20 mg/L Fe input is an efficient method to promote the growth of plants, which showed an optimum response under a 0.10 mg/L P surface water environment. Iron-rich groundwater strongly affects the changes in ecological niches of some wetland plant species and the dominant species. In addition, when the P concentration in a natural body of water is too high, the governance effect of eutrophication might not be as expected. Under iron-rich groundwater conditions, the δ~(13)C values of organs were more depleted, which can partially explain the differences in δ~(13)C in the soil profile. Conversely, the carbon isotope composition of soil organic carbon is indicative of past changes in vegetation. The results of our experiments confirm that iron-rich groundwater discharge has the potential to affect vegetation composition through toxicity modification in eutrophic environments.     

THE IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN THE SOUTH EDGE OF TARIM BASIN，XINJIANG

In the modern times ,the population growth,development of industrial and agricultural production and the petroleum exploitation,brought about the unceasing expansion of artificial oasis and abrupt increase of water demand .The artificial hydraulic irrigation engineering took the place of the natural river systerm,the reservoirs took the placeof natural lakds,which in turn enhanced the space-time redistribution of surface water based on the natural evolution,and so did groundwater.The groundwater recharge reduced 26.2% in 46 years from 1950 to 1995 in the southern piedmont fold plain of Tarim Basin due to mean yearly population increase rate of 27.7‰ and associated with the water use rate increasing from 24.6% to 58.4%.At the same time the artificial water system seepage give primary play to groundwater recharge,which is up to 57.6% whilst that of the natural system reduce to 33.7%.As a result,groundwater level drop 3-5m widespread except some irrigation area and surrounding of plain reservoir.Sping water discharge also reduce about 37.6% and discharge some continuously move away to the north with the value of 0.5-1.2km in the past 40 years.     

近50 a来新疆孔雀河灌区地下水流系统演变特征

新疆孔雀河灌区面临地下水超采问题，科学认识区域地下水流系统的发育条件和演变特征，是优化地下水资源开发利用方式的基础。通过构建第四系含水层三维地下水稳定流模型，利用流线追踪技术，模拟识别了孔雀河流域1970-2020年期间地下水流系统的变化特征。结果表明，不同补给区和排泄区通过流线进行组合，在孔雀河周边形成了交错分布的地下水流系统，其空间分布格局随灌区地下水开采规模而变化。在20世纪70年代的拟天然状态，灌区主要发育自北向南的地下水流系统，其空间分布格局取决于水文地质参数和排泄要素，并可能存在1~4个以孔雀河为排泄带的流动系统。在有强烈地下水开采的现状条件下，灌区地下水流系统转变为从四周流向漏斗中心，截断了从孔雀河上游渗漏到中下游河道排泄的水流系统。近50 a来，以潜水蒸发为排泄方式的地下水流系统投影面积萎缩了29%，而以地下水开采为排泄方式的地下水流系统投影面积从零增加到研究区面积的40%。潜水蒸发对自然生态系统具有重要的支撑作用，灌区地下水开采应有所控制以保障潜水蒸发型地下水流系统的发育条件。