污水处理厂污泥处理处置方法

污泥是污水处理的伴生物,若不加以妥善处置,容易产生二次污染.污泥处理处置的目的是实现稳定化、无害化、减量化、资源化以及最终处置.本文主要介绍了污水处理厂污泥稳定化、无害化、减量化、资源化和最终处置的方法及利用途径.     

城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置及污染防治技术政策（试行）

关于印发《城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置及污染防治技术政策（试行）》的通知建城[2009]23号 各省、自治区、直辖市建设厅（建委,市政管委、水务局）、环保局、科技厅（委）,计划单列市建委（建设局）、环保局、科技局。新疆生产建设兵团建设局、环保局、科技局：为推动城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术进步,明确城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术发展方向和技术原则,指导各地开展城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术研发和推广应用,促进工程建设和运行管理,避免二次污染,保护和改善生态环境,促进节能减排和污泥资源化利用,住房和城乡建设部、环境保护部和、、科学技术部联合制定了《城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置及污染防治技术政策（试行）》。现印发给你们,请结合本地区实际认真执行。     

疏浚污泥资源化处理试验研究

疏浚污泥的处理与处置是世界性的环保难题,资源化处理技术的研究有重要的工程应用价值。通过化学处理技术,在疏浚污泥中加入磷酸,将其中的重金属转变成难溶的金属磷酸盐固化在处理产物中,加入FeCl3试剂与水作用,改善处理后污泥的物理力学性质;通过热处理技术大大降低有机物的含量,使固体残留物无害化。研究了不同磷酸含量和不同FeCl3含量对其物理力学和热学性质的影响。试验结果表明,处理后的疏浚污泥污染物活动性降低,并有可能用作建筑材料。     

城市污泥接种堆置处理对重金属的形态及其生物有效性的影响

污泥堆肥化后的土地利用是污泥处理处置的重要方法之一。经过对荆马河底泥接种堆置处理,揭示出污泥中重金属的形态发生明显的变化。荆马河底泥中的重金属污染物主要以结合态和残渣态的形式存在,水溶态和交换态的量很小,经接种堆置处理后,水溶态和交换态量大幅削减,结合态和残渣态量有所增加,总量变化不大,生物学方法和化学方法测定都表明,处理后的底泥生物毒性有明显降低,重金属的生物有效性降低。     

市政污泥真空预压模型试验研究

《城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置技术规范》[1]执行前,市政污泥往往直接倾倒于填埋场形成污泥库,导致垃圾设计库容显著降低。为恢复填埋场库容,许多填埋场面临污泥库的原位加固处理。通过2组模型试验,探讨真空预压处理污泥的可行性。试验结果表明,真空预压后污泥含水率显著降低,强度提高至2~4 kPa;污泥排水固结系数随预压过程发展表现出非线性;排水板周围污泥含水率和渗透系数降低明显,阻碍离排水板较远处污泥排水固结,因此减少排水板间距可显著提高污泥处理效果;真空预压过程中污泥中孔压变化规律与常规淤泥质土有明显区别,特别是远离排水板的位置孔压消散幅度小,表明污泥中孔压消散规律不符合传统的太沙基固结理论;污泥真空预压过程中,间歇式通正气压会在处理初期阶段加快排水速率,但整体改善作用不明显;真空预压可作为污泥减量化的一种途径,如要满足后续堆载垃圾的要求,还需配合其他原位处理方法进一步提高强度。     

污泥的处置及利用技术探讨

污泥是污水处理厂污水处理的2次产物,如处理不当将会造成2次污染。随着人们环保意识的不断增强与环保力度的加大,如何有效地进行污泥的处治与处置已成为国内外环境岩土工程界函待解决的主要热点问题之一。在总结国内外相关文献资料的基础上,对国内外常用的污泥处置及利用技术进行总结与归纳,包括污泥的填埋、焚烧、农业利用、固化以及生物修复技术等,并对各种处置方法的适用性与优、缺点作出科学的分析与评价,可为污泥及污染土的处置及利用提供一定的参考作用。     

2013水专项第一批课题申报指南发布

关键词 水专项课题申报指南 近日,住房和城乡建设部建筑节能与科技司发布了2013年度第一批水专项“城市污水厂污泥处理处置技术装备产业化”等13个课题申报指南。     

污泥处理的固化/稳定化技术研究进展

固化/稳定化（S/S）是目前比较有效的一种污泥处置技术,是通过向污泥中添加固化剂材料,与污泥发生一系列的物理化学反应,提高污泥的力学强度和稳定污泥中的重金属污染物,从而达到污泥安全处置和资源化利用的目的,因此,探索高效、低廉和低碳的S/S技术一直是该领域的重点。根据近些年来国内外学者对该领域研究所取得的成果,着重从污泥的种类、固化剂种类、主要技术指标、关键影响因素及固化/稳定化机理等几个方面总结了该课题的研究现状及进展。得到以下主要认识:污泥按来源可分为河湖污泥、市政污泥和工业污泥3大类,由于不同来源污泥成分差别很大,处置方式也不尽相同;对于污泥的S/S处理,常用的固化剂可分为无机和有机两大类,且无机固化剂占主导,目前最流行的是水泥和石灰,还包括一些工业矿渣、黏土等作为辅助材料;S/S的优劣主要通过两个关键技术指标进行评价:固化体的无侧限抗压强度及浸出毒性;污泥的固化/稳定化效果主要受初始含水率、养护时间、固化剂种类、掺入量、pH值和Eh值等因素的影响;固化剂及其产物在污泥中形成骨架,并通过物理化学作用与污泥颗粒胶结和填充大的孔隙,从而起到固化增强作用;固化剂及其产物主要通过物理包裹、沉淀和吸附作用,将污泥中的有害物质封闭在固化体内,从而达到无害化、稳定化目的。最后,针对目前污泥S/S技术研究的不足,提出了今后该课题的研究重点及方向,主要包括:改善污泥的前期脱水效率、进一步掌握固化体的变形特性、开发针对多种重金属离子的综合S/S技术、建立重金属离子固定/溶出模型和迁移模型、研发新型固化剂等。     

城市污水处理厂污泥利用现状及潜在环境问题

根据国家环保总局要求,在2010年前全国主要城市的污水处理率要达到70%,这将使我国的水环境得到明显改善,另一方面也带来了污泥的处置和利用问题.污泥是一种优质的有机肥料,有选择地控制使用,既可满足作物生长对养分的需要,又可培育土壤.符合污泥固废“减量化”和“资源化”的处置要求.     

纤维加筋市政污泥固结特性试验研究

城市内河环境整治及清淤过程中往往产生大量污泥, 安全高效处理和处置这类市政污泥并实现资源化利用对改善城市生态环境和经济可持续发展具有重要意义。污泥具有高含水率、高孔隙比和高压缩性等特点, 由于其含有较多有机质和细颗粒, 一般难以通过机械脱水达到减容的目的。因此, 提高污泥的脱水速率和改善其固结特性是实现污泥安全处置及资源化利用的首要任务, 也是目前该课题的研究难点。本文提出了一种离散短丝纤维加筋技术, 为了研究该技术对污泥固结特性的影响, 对不同纤维掺量(0, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%和0.8%)的污泥进行了一系列固结压缩试验, 分析了固结过程中纤维掺量对固结系数和渗透系数的影响。结果表明:在相同的荷载条件下, 随着纤维掺量的增加, 试样的压缩量、孔隙比变化显著增加, 固结时间和压缩系数相对减小, 且当纤维掺入量为0.1%时变化最显著, 为最优掺量。此外, 研究结果表明, 纤维的掺入增大了污泥的固结系数和渗透系数, 固结效率和固结效果得到明显改善。     

浅析晋中市城市污水处理与利用

通过对晋中市城市污水来源、污染现状的分析，论述了城市污水处理与利用的必要性，指出了目前污水处理与利用中存在的问题，并对今后城市污水处理与利用提出了一些建议。     

Non-parallelism between the effect of microbial flocculants on sewerage disposal and the flocculation rate

1 IntroductionMicrobial flocculant (MBF) is one of the naturalmacromolecular organic compounds, which is producedby some microorganisms and has a high flocculationfunction ( Cheng Wen et al., 2003). It has beencalled“the third-generation flocculant”beca…     

地下污水管道泄漏对环境影响研究进展

地下污水管道的泄漏普遍存在.污水管道一旦泄漏,将会对土壤、地下水环境产生严重的影响.主要阐述了管道泄露的研究现状以及地下水入渗对地下水管的危害;总结了地下水管网泄露的种种原因;分析了污水管道泄露对地下环境的各种影响,主要表现为:改变土壤的理化性质,引起土壤污染,造成土壤富营养化,进而导致地下水污染,减少淡水资源,引起水土流失.     

Drying sewage sludge using flue gas from power plants in China

A lot of energy is required for drying the sewage sludge produced during the wastewater treatment process in China; however, on the other hand, the thermal energy in flue gas from power plants is usually wasted as it discharges into the atmosphere. In this study, a new technique for sludge drying is introduced. The key component of the new technique is equipment of a two-stage drying and granulation that utilizes thermal energy contained in the flue gas from power plants and extends sludge contact time with flue gas during the constant-rate evaporation stage. The primary results of the implementation in the Kangshun sludge treatment plant (daily treatment capacity of 100 tons of wet sludge) show that the new drying technique is very effective economically and environmentally. The water content in the sludge was reduced from 78% to less than 30%. The resulted sludge could be used either to co-incinerate with coal in a circulating fluidized bed or to mix with clay to make better bricks. Besides the saving in the direct heating cost in the sludge drying processes by 80%, the saving in fossil fuel consumption due to reuse of the dried sludge is also significant. As a result of the implementation of the new technique in a sludge treatment plant at the scale of the Kangshun plant, about 16,440 tons of CO₂ emission could also be reduced every year.     

The fate and behavior of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in full scale wastewater and sludge treatment unit processes

Endocrine disrupting chemicals are discharged into the environment mainly through wastewater treatment processes. There is a need for better understanding of the fate of these compounds in the unit processes of treatment plant to optimise their removal. The fate of oestrone, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinyestradiol and nonylphenol in the unit processes of full scale wastewater treatment plants in the UK, including activated sludge plant, oxidation ditch, biofilter and rotating biological contactor were investigated. The overall removal efficiencies of all the compounds ranged from 41 %to 100%. The removals were predominantly during the secondary biological treatment with the rates of removal related to the nitrification rates and the sludge age. The removal efficiency of the treatment processes were in the order activated sludge > oxidation ditch > biofilter > rotating biological contactors. Activated sludge plant configured for biological nutrient removal showed better removal of the endocrine disrupting chemicals compared to conventional activated sludge plant effluents. Tertiary treatment was also significant in the removal process through solids removal. Overall mechanisms of removal were biodegradation and sorption unto sludge biomass. Phytoremediation was also significant in the removal processes. The endocrine disrupting chemicals persisted in the anaerobic sludge digestion process with percentage removals ranging fro 10–48 %. Sorption of the endocrine disrupting chemicals onto the sludge increased with increasing values for the partitioning coefficients and the organic carbon contents of the sludge.     

Pro-poor sanitation technologies

It is estimated that at least two billion people have inadequate sanitation. The current situation in water and sanitation services for millions of peri-urban residents is starkly anti-poor and represents a major challenge for the 21st century. By virtue of its cost and water requirements, we would argue that conventional sewerage is an implicitly anti-poor technology. This paper summarises low-cost sanitation technologies that have been developed by engineers from around the world, and seeks to provide evidence that there is such a thing as a pro-poor technology. We argue that simplified sewerage is often the only sanitation technology that is technically feasible and economically appropriate for low income, high-density urban areas. Simplified sewerage will only truly be a pro-poor technology if issues such as lack of investment in sanitation, insufficient cost recovery for sanitation services, conservative technical standards favoured over innovation, low-cost technologies perceived as second class provision, the nature of peri-urban settlements, and lack of engagement with users, are addressed. So often, peri-urban sanitation schemes fail to exist, fail to be sustainable, or fail to be pro-poor. The challenge is for engineers, social scientists and other professionals to work together to make pro-poor sanitation a reality and interdisciplinarity the norm.     

Application of waterworks sludge in wastewater treatment plants

The potential for reuse of iron-rich sludge from waterworks as a replacement for commercial iron salts in wastewater treatment was investigated using acidic and anaerobic dissolution. The acidic dissolution of waterworks sludge both in sulphuric acid and acidic products such as flue gas washing water and commercial iron solution was successful in dissolving the iron from waterworks sludge. The anaerobic dissolution of waterworks sludge due to co-digestion with biological sludge (primary and biological activated sludge) resulted in reduction of iron, increase in dissolved iron(II), increase in pH due to the produced alkalinity from dissolution of iron(III)hydroxides from waterworks sludge, lower internal recirculation of phosphate concentration in the reject water and reduced sulphide in the digested liquid. However, recirculation of the produced soluble iron(II) as an iron source for removal of phosphate in the wastewater treatment was limited, because the dissolved iron in the digester liquid was limited by siderite (FeCO₃) precipitation. It is concluded that both acidic and anaerobic dissolution of iron-rich waterworks sludge can be achieved at the wastewater treatment plant, and are economically and environmentally more favourable compared to deposition of the waterworks sludge in controlled landfills.     

城市污泥新型固化技术及其力学特性

我国城市污泥产量巨大,如果得不到妥善处理将会严重影响环境综合治理。为了研究一种高效、资源、稳定的城市污泥处理技术,对城市污泥先进行生石灰消化处理,再通过正交试验,以无侧限抗压强度为指标,优选出生石灰、原料土、城市污泥、固化剂等的最佳配比,配制成一种新型城市污泥固化土,并对其力学特性进行试验研究。试验结果表明：研制的新型城市污泥固化剂固化处理城市污泥效果很好,重金属浸出量满足国家规范要求,污泥固化土强度随着养护龄期的增加而增大,且28 d后慢慢趋于相对稳定,碱性对强度有促进作用,建议固化土初始配制含水率最高控制在45%～50%之间。三轴剪切试验得到的应力峰值和结构屈服应力随着围压和养护龄期的增大而增大,环剪试验得到的残余强度与养护龄期及有效法向应力成正比,与剪切位移成反比。