干涉合成孔径雷达(INSAR)复图像配准方法

合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术是使用图像中的相位信息来提取高精度的数字地面高程模型.精确的图像配准是合成孔径雷达干涉技术提取数字高程模型的关键步骤之一,配准质量将直接影响提取的地面高程的精度.配准按照其精度分为粗配准和精配准.文中采用基于幅度互相关函数法完成图像的粗配准,在粗配准的基础上,使用最小二乘配准算法进一步提高配准的精度.实际数据处理表明,配准精度能够满足INSAR数据处理的要求.     

InSAR复影像配准方法与实践

利用合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术获取地表三维信息的研究，受到世界各国的广泛关注。高精度复影像配准是InSAR数据处理的关键步骤，其结果直接影响生成干涉相位的质量，进而影响获取数字高程模型的精度。本文采用相干系数法进行粗配准，采用基于相干系数拟合的方法进行精配准，可以实现复影像数据的高精度配准。经机载和星载数据的试验验证，该方法有效可行且运算效率高，具有实用性。     

基于选权迭代法的SAR图像配准应用研究

合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术中SAR图像配准精度是影响干涉测量精度的关键因素之一。简述了SAR图像配准联系点偏移量粗差对配准精度的影响,采用选权迭代法剔除偏移量粗差,并以江苏南通地区ENVISAT ASAR数据为例,选取相干系数总体分布作为评价指标,对该粗差剔除方法进行试验研究,结果表明该方法能有效去除偏移量粗差,消除偏移量粗差对配准精度的影响,提高SAR的配准精度。     

基于DFT模型的大场景InSAR图像配准

图像配准是实现干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)高精度相位提取及地形高程反演的关键,大场景图像的高效高精度配准成为近年高分宽幅InSAR成像应用研究的难点问题之一。由于大场景图像中不同区域偏移量及变化规律差异较大,传统最大相干系数配准方法需多分块及插值处理,面临计算量大且配准精度低等问题。针对此问题,本文提出一种基于DFT模型的大场景InSAR高效高精度图像配准算法。该方法利用最小均方差准则构建InSAR复图像配准的DFT模型,采用四叉树自适应分块及矩阵相乘DFT快速重采样配准方法,实现大场景InSAR图像各子块区域的高效高精度亚像素配准。仿真和实测数据验证本文算法的有效性,结果表明该算法不仅可实现大场景InSAR复图像亚像素级配准,还具有较高的运算效率,其运算效率相对于传统FFT配准方法通常可提升3倍以上。     

使用ERS-1/2 SAR干涉测量数据生成DEM

干涉合成孔径雷达（ＥＮＳＡ－Ｒ）数据已被证明能生产精确的数字高程模型（ＤＥＭ）。我们已开发了从单视ＳＡＲ复影像自动生成数字高程模型的新软件。基于ＳＡＲ多视强度影像的最小二乘影像苑被 用二复影像对的配准,达到极高的配准精度。同时提出一种新的计算目标点三维坐标的方程卫星轨道,半途而废和基线参数以及相位常数被纳入方程中并被表示为时间的线性函数。利用至少６个地面控制点能够同时估算这些参数。本文给出了动作持     

一种改进的频域相关法复图像快速配准

InSAR复图像配准是合成孔径雷达3维成像技术的一个关键步骤,要求达到亚像素级的配准精度.在分析了传统相关系数法的基础上,提出了改进的基于频域相关的快速配准算法.该方法分别采用频域相关和线性调频Z变换进行粗配准和精配准;最后利用傅里叶变换的平移性质对辅图像插值重采样.应用该算法对实际数据进行了实验,并从配准时间和精度两...     

使用ERS-1/2干涉测量SAR数据生成DEM

干涉合成孔径雷达（ＩＮＳＡＲ）数据已被证明能生产精确的数据高程模型（ＤＥＭ），我们已开发了从单视ＳＡＲ复影像数据自动生成数字高程模型的新软件，基于ＳＡＲ多视强度影像的最小二乘曩像匹配被用于复影像对的配准，达到很高的配准精度（０．０１～０．０５像元精度）。一种新的计算目标点３维坐标（Ｘ，Ｙ，Ｚ）的方程还被提出，卫星轨道，姿态和基线参数以及相位常数被纳入在方程中并被表示了时间的线性函数，利用至少６个地面控制点能够同时估算这些参数，本文还给出了意大利埃特地区ＥＲＳ－１／２ＳＡＲ数据处理结果。     

一种改进的频域相关法复图像快速配准

InSAR复图像配准是合成孔径雷达3维成像技术的一个关键步骤,要求达到亚像素级的配准精度。在分析了传统相关系数法的基础上,提出了改进的基于频域相关的快速配准算法。该方法分别采用频域相关和线性调频Z变换进行粗配准和精配准;最后利用傅里叶变换的平移性质对辅图像插值重采样。应用该算法对实际数据进行了实验,并从配准时间和精度两方面进行了分析。实验结果证明该方法在保证配准精度的同时,能够有效减少运算量,大大提高运算效率。     

干涉雷达在DEM测量中的精度影响及处理方法

干涉合成孔径雷达 (INSAR)为数字高程模型 (DEM)测量提供了一种新的手段。它具有同时获取三维信息、测量范围广、空间和高程分辨率高等优点。文中首先扼要介绍了干涉雷达的原理 ,然后重点讨论几个影响测量精度的因素及其处理方法 ,如相关、运动补偿、配准、相位展开等。     

利用残余点衡量干涉复图像配准质量

根据残余点生成机理，建立了残余点发生概率与干涉回波信号相关性内在联系的数学模型。据此，提出了以残余点的数目作为衡量干涉复图像整体配准质量的定量尺度。实验结果表明，该方法简便精确，尤其适用于系统基线较长时配准结果的比较、择优，从而能最大程度地减小数字高程模型中因配准精度欠佳所引起的误差。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。