西藏日土东部晚三叠世日干配错组及其与下伏地层不整合面的发现

在1∶25万羌多幅区域地质调查工作中,于日土县鸡穷一带填绘出一套总体以碳酸盐岩为主夹碎屑岩的沉积地层,富含双壳类、珊瑚、腹足类和海绵等海相动物化石,局部碎屑岩中含植物化石碎片,生物群面貌指示地层时代为晚三叠世,层位归置晚三叠世日干配错组。底部复成分砾岩角度不整合超覆于中二叠世龙格组之上。这套地层的发现为研究西藏晚三叠世地层的空间展布、古地理环境、古构造背景及地质发展历史等提供了新资料。     

甘肃合作早三叠世钙质超微化石的发现

在甘肃合作地区早三叠世地层中发现了钙质超微化石，共属３种，共文描述了２个新属３个新种。它们位于斜坡脚－盆地的深海沉积环境中，与早三叠世早期双壳类Ｃｌａｒａｉａ共生，其下部有具早三叠世面貌的孢粉组合。经能谱成成分分析，这些化石为钙质。这些钙质微化石的发现使钙质超微化石的时代分布的可靠记录延至早三叠世。为今后中生代地层的划分对比及钙质超微化石的演化研究提供了较好的资料。文中依据所发现的钙质超微化石对沉     

西藏改则地区班公湖-怒江结合带内上三叠统 的发现及其地质意义

三叠系在班公湖-怒江结合带两侧仅有少量露头。早三叠世是怒江洋盆初始演化的开始,由于晚二叠世-早三叠 世大规模的海退持续和地壳的抬升,地层遭受剥蚀,整个班公湖-怒江结合带内缺乏完整的三叠系地层系统,对怒江 洋的演化缺乏完整的物质记录。此次有古生物化石依据的上三叠统的发现,为探讨洋盆的演化提供了较好的依据,也 为区域地层对比、地层格架建立、古环境分析等提供了基础资料。     

西藏改则地区班公湖-怒江结合带内上三叠统的发现及其地质意义

三叠系在班公湖-怒江结合带两侧仅有少量露头。早三叠世是怒江洋盆初始演化的开始,由于晚二叠世-早三叠世大规模的海退持续和地壳的抬升,地层遭受剥蚀,整个班公湖-怒江结合带内缺乏完整的三叠系地层系统,对怒江洋的演化缺乏完整的物质记录。此次有古生物化石依据的上三叠统的发现,为探讨洋盆的演化提供了较好的依据,也为区域地层对比、地层格架建立、古环境分析等提供了基础资料。     

西藏班戈县保吉乡嘎热扎地中——晚三叠世珊瑚化石的发现及意义

在西藏班戈县保吉乡嘎热扎地发现了一套碎屑岩和灰岩互层的地层,产珊瑚和苔藓虫化石。珊瑚化石共计7属3种及4未定种,分别为Procyclolites zizaensis Deng&Zhang,Chondrocoenia?sp.,Parastraeomorpha?sp.,Pamiroseris?sp.,Astraeomorpha multisepta Melnikova,Volzeia sublaevis(Laube&Volz),Radiophyllia?sp.,时代为中-晚三叠世。该套地层的发现表明,措勤盆地存在中-晚三叠世地层,为该地区的古地理研究提供了地层古生物学证据。     

云南鲁史三合洞组地层时代讨论

云南兰坪盆地三合洞组的时代存在争议,有早古生代和中生代两种观点。本文通过对云南鲁史上三叠统三合洞组和挖鲁八组岩石地层、古生物化石、微体化石及碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究,认为三合洞组时代为晚三叠世。本区三合洞组生物碎屑灰岩、泥晶灰岩及白云质灰岩与挖鲁八组炭质板岩呈整合接触关系,与歪古村组砂质板岩呈逆断层接触关系,整体表现为倒转地层。挖鲁八组炭质板岩中采获叉皱海燕蛤、虚海燕蛤等晚三叠世化石,而三合洞组灰岩中的小欣德牙形刺、奥泽克刺、滑梯螺、长卵形槽花介等微体化石时代也为晚三叠世。笔者从挖鲁八组粉砂岩中获得碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄,其最小年龄为218 Ma,指示挖鲁八组的最晚沉积时代为晚三叠世。综合生物化石和同位素年代学资料,认为兰坪盆地三合洞组的时代为晚三叠世。     

湖北秭归泄滩沙镇溪组底部轮藻化石的发现

晚三叠世轮藻化石在世界各地发现很少，在我国南方亦尚属首次发现。报道了秭归盆地上三叠统沙镇溪组底部的轮藻化石，计有3属4种(包括2个新种)：Stellatochara subspaerica Kozur et Reinhardt,S.xietanensis sp.nov.,Cuneatochara sanxiaensis sp.nov.,Vladimiriella decora(Saidakovsky)。根据沙镇溪组轮藻化石在国内外地质时期的分布，结合同层中所产孢粉化石的组合特征，详细讨论了含化石层位的地质时代，认为属晚三叠世早期，并对当时的古植被、古地理、古气候做了初步探讨，对化石进行了描述。     

塔里木盆地阿瓦提—巴楚地区石炭纪—早三叠世化石大孢子组合

通过对塔里木盆地阿瓦提－巴楚地区10口探井的石炭系－下三叠统的大孢子进行研究，建立了石炭纪－早三叠世大孢子组合5个（包括早石炭世，晚石炭世、早二叠世、晚二叠世及早三叠世大孢子组合各1个），并对国内外相关层位的大孢子组合进行了对比，讨论了其所在层位的地质时代。笔者为首次报道该地区早石碳世和二叠纪大孢子组合，对本区及邻区今后开展地层古生物研究及油气勘探研究意义重大。     

东昆仑纳赤台岩群混杂堆积的古生物学证据及其地质意义

纳赤台岩群是东昆仑造山带一套构造—沉积混杂堆积地层,由各时期外来岩块和基质系统两大部分组成。以往曾依该岩群岩块中的珊瑚、腕足类、腹足类化石等划分为晚奥陶世或古生代。本文首次报道该岩群基质地层中发现的44属31种古近纪中—晚渐新世孢粉化石。这些化石的发现为厘定该岩群的地质时代、进一步确定该岩群为构造—沉积混杂堆积以及阐述东昆仑造山带形成演化机制等方面提供了有力证据,具有重要地质意义,而且在探讨古近纪生物地理区系和古环境等方面提供了重要参考资料。     

赤布张错幅地质调查新成果及主要进展

于二叠纪-古近纪地层中发现动物化石、植物化石和孢粉多属多种。其中所有孢粉和植物化石在测区均为首次发现。发现软体动物并建立1新属2新种(Quemocuomegalodon orientus Yao Sha et Zhang，Q．longitatus Yao Sha et Zhang)。在藏北地区首次发现典型的古近纪双壳类化石(Pisidium amnicum Miiller)。在上三叠统中发现厚度超过800m的钙碱性岛弧型中酸性火山岩。岩浆侵入岩获得一批岩石化学资料和21个喜马拉雅期的同位素年龄数据(23～48Ma)，显示南部同碰撞、北部造山后拉张的特点。新近纪火山岩分布于测区北部，划分为2个喷发旋回，为板内裂谷活动的产物。发现中-晚侏罗世地层与晚三叠世地层的明显角度不整合接触面。查明了测区北部的二叠纪地层与上覆晚三叠世至侏罗纪地层为角度不整合接触。     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

Rb-Sr, K-Ar, H-and O-Isotope systematics of the Middle Riphean shales from the Debengda Formation, the Olenek Uplift, North Sibera

Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ¹⁸O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...     

Breakthroughs in the biodiversity, biogeography, biostratigraphy, and basin analysis of the Beaufort group

Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.     

Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean

The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.     

深港西部通道填海区地下水铜、钒、铊、镉、钨迁移的实验研究

填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。