江西相山铀矿田铀矿物稀土元素特征及富集机制探讨

铀矿物是铀矿床勘探与选冶的重要研究对象。相山铀矿田是我国最大的火山岩型铀-多金属矿田,主要发育有早期碱交代和晚期酸交代两期铀矿化,但目前对这两期铀矿化中铀矿物的地球化学特征尚缺乏系统的对比研究。文章运用电子探针和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱对相山铀矿田两期铀矿化矿石中铀矿物稀土元素特征进行研究。结果显示,相山铀矿田碱交代和酸交代型铀矿化矿石中铀矿物类型均包含钛铀矿、铀石和沥青铀矿,碱交代型铀矿化矿石中铀矿物以钛铀矿、铀石为主,酸交代型铀矿化矿石中铀矿物以沥青铀矿为主。碱交代型铀矿化矿石中铀矿物稀土元素配分模式为右倾型,富集La、Ce和Nd等元素;酸交代型铀矿化矿石中铀矿物稀土元素配分模式为左倾型,富集Yb、Er和Dy等元素。酸交代型铀矿化矿石中沥青铀矿相对富集重稀土元素,与国内外其他类型的铀矿床相比其成矿过程有明显特殊性,这可能与成矿流体富F-有关;深部沥青铀矿较浅部富集重稀土元素的原因可能是深部沥青铀矿结晶温度高于浅部;相对于铀石和钛铀矿等铀矿物,重稀土富集对沥青铀矿有倾向性可能是因为沥青铀矿形成的过程与CO₃^2-和Cl-关系密切。     

华南内生铀矿石结构的新认识及其成因意义

在华南374和331花岗岩型铀矿床矿石内及人工合成沥青铀矿的模拟实验中均发现有针状沥青铀矿与沥青铀矿球粒紧密共生的现象。结合对沥青铀矿球粒的形态、结构、粒度及共生矿物等特征的研究,作者确认沥青铀矿球粒是球状结晶的表现,而针状及长柱状沥青铀矿则是铀氧化物相变中间产物(α-U_2O_8或β-U_3O_8)的假象。沥青铀矿的高温高压人工模拟实验表明,一些沥青铀矿在快速结晶生长过程中,由于结晶生长的限制而具有非生物成因的显微草莓状和花瓣状结构特征。     

热液型铀成矿氧化还原条件研究：来自特征矿物的指示

通过对典型热液型铀矿床铀-赤铁矿型、铀-黄铁矿型铀矿石矿物组合特征、时空分布特征的研究,探讨了热液型铀成矿的氧化还原条件。相山矿田碱交代成因的铀-赤铁矿型矿石矿物组合为沥青铀矿-赤铁矿-钠长石-磷灰石-碳酸盐;长江矿田酸交代成因的铀-赤铁矿型矿石矿物组合为沥青铀矿-赤铁矿-微晶石英。铀-黄铁矿型矿石矿物组合为沥青铀矿-黄铁矿-微晶石英-萤石。铀-赤铁矿型较铀-黄铁矿型形成早,两种类型铀矿石在矿田深部及浅部均有大量富集,垂向上呈现相互叠置的分布特征。沥青铀矿形成并能稳定存在的氧化还原条件为黄铁矿至黄铁矿与赤铁矿共存区,黄铁矿存在有利于沥青铀矿富集,完全的赤铁矿区不利于沥青铀矿的形成及保存。     

二连盆地乔尔古铀矿区铀赋存状态及铀矿石工艺矿物学研究

可地浸砂岩型铀矿床中铀赋存状态及铀矿物空间嵌布特征会影响地浸时浸出工艺的选择及溶浸液的优化,研究矿石中铀赋存状态及铀矿物工艺参数对于提高矿床的铀浸出效率具有重要意义。本研究采集了二连盆地乔尔古铀矿区矿石样品,通过扫描电镜、电子探针及综合矿物分析仪(TIMA)等方法,分析铀赋存状态及铀矿物粒度、解离度、连生矿物等工艺矿物学参数。结果表明：(1)乔尔古铀矿区矿石中铀的存在形式主要为铀矿物、含铀矿物和吸附态铀。铀矿物主要为沥青铀矿和少量的铀石。(2)铀矿物粒度较小且变化范围较大,铀石粒径最大可达30～35μm,沥青铀矿粒径最大可达60～65μm;多数铀矿物的粒径小于20μm,其中铀矿物粒径在5～10μm的数量是占比最多(铀石和沥青铀矿分别占总颗粒数量的37.88%和27.78%)。(3)铀矿物解离度较低,解离度小于10%的铀石和沥青铀矿的占比分别为99.72%和91.84%。铀的赋存状态表明乔尔古铀矿区适宜地浸,但实际浸出时铀浸出率可能会受到铀矿物粒度及解离度特征的严重制约,使得经济效益受到较大影响。本研究有效查明了乔尔古铀矿区铀赋存状态以及铀矿物工艺参数,有助于研究制定适合该矿区的地浸采铀...     

华南混合岩中的铀矿化

以浸染扶晶质铀矿形式产于混合岩中的铀矿化是华南一种新的铀矿化类型。根据晶质铀矿在矿体中的存在形式,可划分为原生型和改造型。原生型矿床中主要铀矿物是晶质铀矿,改造型矿床中的主要铀矿物是沥青铀矿和残余的晶质铀矿。此类型矿床是富铀地层选择性熔融,并在此过程中导致铀的活化、转移和局部富集的结果。     

用红外吸收光谱法区分晶质铀矿和沥青铀矿的探讨

晶质铀矿和沥青铀矿是铀的简单氧化物中的两个最重要的矿物,其化学分析所提供的主要化学组份是UO_2和UO_3。矿物的晶体化学研究结果表明,晶质铀矿和沥青铀矿具有相同的晶体结构——CaF_2型,属于同一矿物种。所以,有些国家的矿物学家将二者统称为“Ura-ninite”。但是,晶质铀矿和沥青铀矿在晶体形态及某些物理性质方面是有差别的,矿物成因及产出的地质条件也不尽相同,就是在晶体结构方面也有差别:晶质铀矿晶胞中的     

砂岩型铀矿中铀矿物U-Pb年代学研究现状及研究方向

该文基于中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心研究团队近年来的研究工作及对相关文献的综合研究,对砂岩型铀矿中一些重要铀矿物如沥青铀矿(晶质铀矿)、铀石、钛铀矿等的微区原位成因矿物学和U-Pb年代学研究现状进行了深入分析,提出新的研究方向,即通过采用二次离子质谱法、激光剥蚀多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱法与电子探针化学分析法和同位素稀释热电离质谱法相结合的方式,综合研究砂岩型铀矿中沥青铀矿(晶质铀矿)、铀石、钛铀矿等铀矿物和金红石、磷灰石等含铀矿物的微区原位成因矿物学和U-Pb年代学,探索砂岩型铀矿中矿石矿物的U-Pb同位素测年新方法,获取更精确的砂岩型铀矿成岩成矿的年代学信息。这对于全面准确地认识砂岩型铀矿床的生成和演化历史,建立砂岩型铀矿床的成矿新理论具有十分重要的科学意义。铀矿物测年新方法在砂岩型铀矿床的地质勘探中也有广阔的应用前景。     

花岗岩型铀矿成矿分带模型

晚白垩世是下庄铀矿田最重要的成矿期阶段,早、晚两次成矿作用(130～120 Ma和80～60 Ma)均生于石英正长岩(γξ3(1)>)固结期后.成矿热液主要是沿北北东向断裂向上运移,致使断裂构造岩及两侧的岩石普遍发生不同程度的硅化.除硅化外,水云母化、萤石化、粘土化、方解石化等热液蚀变作用与铀矿成矿密切相关.大部分的矿体产于硅化破碎带内,但在断裂与基性岩脉的交汇部位常见显著富化.铀矿物主要为沥青铀矿,常见的矿化类型是微晶石英型沥青铀矿、萤石化型沥青铀矿和粘土化型沥青铀矿,三者通常被认为不同类型的矿床(金景福和黄广荣,1991;金景福等,1992;Dawood,2004).     

桂北沙子江铀矿床沥青铀矿原位微区年代学和元素分析:对铀成矿作用的启示

微区原位分析是地球科学研究的重要手段,但这些分析技术在华南热液铀矿床中的应用相对较少,限制了对铀矿床成矿机理的深入认识。沙子江铀矿床是华南著名的花岗岩型热液铀矿床。本文利用电子探针(EMPA)、激光电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS)以及二次离子探针(SIMS)等微区原位分析技术,对沙子江铀矿床中的沥青铀矿开展了U-Pb同位素年代学及元素组成研究,确定了沥青铀矿的形成时代及成分特征,并探讨了蚀变作用对沥青铀矿成分及其表面年龄或化学年龄的影响。电子探针分析结果显示,该沥青铀矿以富铀和钙、极低含量的ThO_2和稀土元素为特征,揭示其为低温热液成因,成矿热液富含Ca。LA-ICP-MS分析结果显示,沥青铀矿的稀土元素总量较低,其配分模式呈轻稀土富集型,具有明显的负Eu异常,与赋矿围岩豆乍山花岗岩的稀土元素组成相似,暗示其铀源可能与豆乍山岩体有密切的关系。蚀变和未蚀变沥青铀矿成分的对比研究显示,蚀变作用会导致硅元素大量进入沥青铀矿晶格,造成铀和铅的丢失,从而影响沥青铀矿的表观年龄或化学年龄,但沥青铀矿的稀土元素配分模式不会受到蚀变的影响。未蚀变沥青铀矿的SIMS微区原位分析获得的U-Pb年龄为101. 3±4. 5Ma,表明沙子江铀矿床存在100Ma左右的铀成矿事件。受岩石圈伸展控制形成的富CO流体与富铀花岗岩相互作用浸取出花岗岩中的铀,并在合适的构造部位沉淀形成了沙子江铀矿床。     

低温低压下沥青铀矿合成实验研究

前言在研究某地碳硅泥岩型铀矿地质特征和矿床成因过程中,重点研究了该矿床沥青铀矿形成的物理化学环境,并在实验室内模拟了沥青铀矿形成的主要条件。从我们调研的材料看出,早在四十年代美国原子能委员会(AEC)下设的科研机构就已做过沥青铀矿合成实验,苏联至五十年代末还发表过合成沥青铀矿的有关文章。然而就我们所知,前人的合成实验大多在高温高压下进行,也有人如 J.W.格鲁纳(1954年)提到了曾在     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of