粤东及琼东北第四纪老红砂风成的若干证据

粤东及琼东北第四纪老红砂分布于全新世和现代海岸风少强烈作用带,其野外产状,沉积构造与海滩砂不同,粒度,石英砂磨圆度,石英砂表面微结构统计,孢粉和硅藻等分析证明这些老红砂与海岸沙丘砂有着成因上的联系,热释光年代为距今１．６２－５．１９万ａ,故它们是毗邻海滩的海岸风成砂,形成于末次冰期的低海洋平面期,其形成和分布与盛行风和向岸风的共同作用有关。     

闽东南沿海老红砂沉积特征与成因分析

闽东南沿海老红砂分布广泛,发育较典型,但迄今对其成因多有不认识。本文在进行全面野外调查和一系列的室内分析的基础上,认为本研究区的老红砂主要是由风吹扬海滩砂形成的,局部地方有坡积和冲积等成因。     

对福建海岸晚第四纪地质若干问题的商榷

本文对福建海岸晚第四纪地质的“老红砂”、“海滩岩”、“海蚀地貌”、海平面变动和新构造运动等问題进行了讨论,提出了一些与前人不大一致的观点。     

广东和海南岛砂质海岸地貌及其开发利用

砂质海岸是广东和海南岛主要岸线类型,占岸线总长1/3以上,其规模取决于岸线轮廓、物质来源、海岸动力等因素。据不同动力过程、粒度、结构与历史的差别,从海向陆一般可分为海滩沙、岸堤沙,风积沙和晚更新世老红砂等不同沉积类型;据形态特点、沉积特征和分布情况,可将现代砂质海岸分为7种地貌类型。砂质海岸蕴藏着可供开发利用的资源,如沙荒地的改造利用、砂矿开采、海滨旅游、港口建设等。     

中国砂质海滩区域差异分布的构造成因及其堆积地貌研究

砂质海滩的形成与发育是联系地壳深部过程和地表过程的综合体现．本文根据中国沿岸砂质海滩分布状况调查结果,通过分析其分布规律与中国东部沿海中新生代构造地质分区不同海洋沉积环境的内在联系,探讨了砂质海滩区域性差异分布和堆积地貌的成因特点,从而为我国海岸资源利用的宏观配置和管理提供科学依据．研究得出：（1）中国沿岸砂质海滩的形成与发育受中新生代地质构造带控制,尤其受新构造期地壳断块升降活动差异性的影响,呈现出区域性富集的格局．（2）中国砂质海滩基本形成在构造隆起带岬湾沿岸,并且富集在其中新构造期处于上升区的海岸,这主要在于其区域性海岸环境具有形成砂质沉积的物质基础．（3）构造隆起带滨海泥沙的输沙途径及其再分配形式复杂多样,从而产生了各种不同的砂质海滩堆积地貌类型．（4）根据海岸地貌和沉积成因模式,将中国沿岸砂质海滩划分为岬湾海岸叠置沙体沉积形式、滨外坝沙体连续沉积形式和浪控三角洲平原岸改造沉积形式等3种基本模型．（5）沿海晚第四世纪古夷平地貌面与现代海平面相对高程分布的分析表明,山丘岬湾岸型砂质海滩主要形成在新构造运动下沉区段或构造相对稳定区段,而台地岬湾岸型和泻湖一沙坝岸型形成在上升区段,浪控三角洲平原岸型则分布在断块盆地．     

广东广澳、福建东山等地海岸砂丘岩及沙丘的地貌学、沉积学特征

海岸砂丘岩及高沙丘分布与风作用密切相关,平面上沿迎风向(北东向)海岸顺风向展布;具风口地貌,海滩沙可越过风口在背风坡堆积下来;具抬升或稳定海岸地貌及崩岗地貌。堆积物组分与物原有关,物源愈丰富,堆积物粒级分选愈差,组分愈复杂,形成风坡积混合沙丘及砂丘岩。砂丘岩以在沙丘的前积层较发育,产状较陡(>30°)。砂丘岩和沙丘的这些地貌学、沉积学特征是综合判别非海相沉积的重要标志。     

蓬莱西庄海滩示踪砂试验研究

为了研究蓬莱西庄海岸侵蚀原因、揭示泥沙运移规律，利用萤光示踪砂和染色砾石进行侵蚀岸段的泥沙示踪研究．其主要结果如下：１．海滩泥沙运动完全由波浪控制，泥沙运移的速度和方向取决于破波的大小和方向．２．海滩泥沙以群体形式沿岸输移．３．在平直海岸上，泥沙可超越粘土质海蚀平台进入另一砂质海滩。     

人工海滩研究进展

海滩是激浪作用下泥沙在激浪带的堆积,是海岸带最活跃的地貌单元。近年来,由于世纪性的海平面上升,侵蚀型海滩范围扩大,侵蚀加重,海滩宽度变窄、坡度变陡和滩面物质粗化等问题日益严重,引起了广泛关注,亦成为海岸工程研究的热点课题之一。几十年的工程实践表明,海滩喂养与人工海滩是当前防护海滩侵蚀最有效的措施,并已为欧、美、日等国广泛应用。利用海岸地貌学原理方法,借鉴模拟环境条件类似的周边自然海滩的形成和演变规律,合理的设计海滩物质的颗粒大小和组成,海滩的坡度、高度、宽度以及填砂范围等关键参数,能够有效地使人工海滩更快的达到平衡状态并维持其稳定。在海滩的娱乐休闲功能在国际范围内日益受到重视的今天,这一方法在海岸工程应用上具有重要的现实意义。     

美国海岸侵蚀防护措施

影响海岸侵蚀的主要原因有海岸地貌、海滩植被．海平面水位变化、暴风(包括飓风和台风)、潮差及季节性水位变化、自然变化造成砂源供应短缺和人为活动引起的砂源供应变动．     

蓬菜西庄海滩示踪砂试验研究

为了研究蓬菜西庄海岸侵蚀原因，揭示泥沙运移规律，利用萤光示踪砂和染色砾石进行侵蚀岸段的泥沙示踪研究。其主要结果如下：１．海滩泥沙运动完全由波浪控制，泥沙运移的速度和方向取决于破波的大小和方向。２．海滩泥以群体形式沿岸输移。３．在平直海岸上，泥沙可超越粘土质海蚀平台进入另一砂质海滩。     

晚更新世海岸风成砂ESR年龄的研究

用ESR方法测定了系统采自山东荣成成山头“柳夼红层”11个样品的沉积年龄,表明它们是晚更新世以来沉积的受东北季风控制的海岸风成砂。此外,对沉积物中石英ESR测年的基本原理,石英Ge心信号测年的可行性,采集样品时应注意的问题等也进行了较深入的讨论。     

临夏盆地新生代沉积物岩石磁学记录与亚洲内陆干旱化

临夏盆地毛沟剖面沉积物岩石磁学记录与石英砂颗粒电子扫描研究表明:13.07~8.6 Ma间盆地气候一直保持相对稳定,从8.6 Ma开始,盆地沉积物中流域外的风尘物质开始增加,并经过了6.4 Ma和5.3 Ma的两次加速过程,揭示了我国西北内陆干旱气候可能从8.6 Ma左右开始,且在6.4 Ma和5.3 Ma左右经过两次加强过程。     

Barrier evolution and placer formation at Bujuru southern Brazil

This paper demonstrates the link between the evolution of a coastal barrier in southern Brazil during the Late Holocene and the formation of a large volume of eolian disseminated heavy mineral deposits. Our data set is based on an earlier heavy mineral prospecting campaign (1991) and on 10 new shallow vibrocores, 2–5 m long. The model presented has three main steps of barrier evolution. The first step is the recycling of coastal plain deposits during the Postglacial Marine Transgression, which ended at 5.6 ka when heavy minerals were incorporated into beach and washover facies of a transgressive barrier. The second step is the shoreward retreat of the barrier, under a slow and small sea-level fall, during the last 5.6 ka. This second step eroded and recycled sediments from the Pleistocene substrate, which acted as an extra source of heavy minerals. Heavy minerals were concentrated in backshore deposits by wave action during barrier recession. The third step is the erosion and transport of backshore sands by onshore winds into an inter-barrier depression in the form of transgressive dune deposits. These deposits contain an average of 4.66±1.02% disseminated heavy minerals (1494 samples). This eolian placer deposit has started to form 1 ka ago and is still under formation.     

长乐东南和海坛岛风沙资源特征及其开发利用

长乐东部和海坛是福建省的主要风沙分布区，风成沙是重要的自然资源。本文分析了风沙地貌类型及其分布特征、风成沙成分等，探讨了风沙资源的开发利用和保护等问题。     

晚新生代风尘沉积的稀土元素地球化学特征及其古气候意义

通过西峰巴家咀剖面晚新生代风尘沉积中的红粘土、黄土、古土壤的稀土元素、分布模式、特征参数的研究，并与晚第三纪红色沙漠风成砂、晚第三纪河流相细砂岩、第四纪沙漠风成砂、现代尘暴粉尘、中国黄土以及青藏高原远源西风粉尘进行对比分析，结果表明，晚新生代风尘沉积物均具有轻稀土适度富集、缓右倾斜型、Eu负异常的REE分布模式；晚第三纪红色沙漠是红粘土的主要物源之一；红粘土和典型的风尘物质－现代尘暴粉尘及中国黄土有相似的沙漠物质来源和形成过程，与基岩明显不同，这为红粘土的“风成说”而非“残积说”提供了新的证据。巴家咀红粘土的堆积过程与第四纪黄土相似，东亚季风环流而非西风环流控制着沙漠区粉尘物质的输送。     

安徽宣城地区中晚更新世风成堆积与环境变迁

通过对宣城向阳中晚更新世沉积剖面的综合研究,认为该剖面与中国北方同时代的黄土—古土壤剖面相比较,虽然长江下游以南地区中晚更新世多个冰期中风成堆积的单层厚度与累积厚度,亦即风成物质的沉积通量与沉积速率均比北方黄土区要小,但它们所反映的气候与环境的变化具有明显的可比性。     

中国海岸风成沙ESR测年的研究

介绍ＥＳＲ测年的基本原理，并讨论风成沙Ｇｅ心测年的可行性、风成沙Ｅ＇心的特征、测年误差及可靠性等问题。１９９２－１９９３年在渤、黄、东、南海沿岸采集的１００余个风成沙样品ＥＳＲ测年实验表明，绝大部分海岸风成沙的年龄为１－７万年。     

Marine Sand Resources Offshore Israel

The continental margin of northern Sinai and Israel, up to Haifa Bay, is the northeastern limb of the submarine Nile Delta Cone. It is made up predominantly of clastics from the Nile and its predecessors. The continental shelf and coastal plain of Israel are built of a series of shore-parallel ridges composed of carbonate-cemented quartz sandstone (locally named kurkar), a lithification product of windblown sands that were piled up into dunes during the Pleistocene. The drop in global sea level and regression during the last glacial period exposed the continental shelf to subaerial erosion and created a widespread regional erosional unconformity which is expressed as a prominent seismic reflector at the top of the kurkar layers. The subsequent Holocene transgression abraded much of the westernmost kurkar ridges, drowned their cores, and covered the previous lowstand deposits with marine sands, which were in turn covered by a sequence of sub-Recent clayey silts. The Mediterranean coasts of Sinai and Israel are part of the Nile littoral cell. Since the building of the Aswan dams the sand supplied to Israel's coastal system is derived mainly from erosion of the Nile Delta and from sands offshore Egypt that are stirred up by storm waves. The sands are transported by longshore and offshore currents along the coasts of northern Sinai and Israel. Their volume gradually declines northward with distance from their Nile source. The longshore transport terminates in Haifa Bay where some sand is trapped, and the test escapes to deeper water by bottom currents and through submarine canyons, thus denying Nile-derived sand supply to the 40-km-long 'Akko-Rosh Haniqra shelf. The sand balance along Israel's coastal zone is a product of natural processes and human intervention. Losses due to the outgoing longshore transport, seaward escape, and landward wind transport exceed the natural gains from the incoming longshore transport and the abrasion of the coastal cliffs. The deficit is aggravated by the construction of (1) seaward-projecting structures that trap sands on the upstream side and (2) offshore detached breakwaters that trap sands between themselves and the coast. The negative sand balance is manifested by the removal of sand from the seabed and the consequent exposure of archaeological remains that were hitherto protected by it. The sediments that escape seaward from the longshore transport system form a 2.5- to 4-km-wide sandy apron adjacent to the shore that extends to where the water is 30 - 40 m deep. The apron's slope (0.5 - 0.8) is steeper than the theoretical equilibrium slope for the median grain-size diameter in this zone (0.1 - 0.3 mm). The beach sands and the apron's surficial sands are well sorted. Their grain size decreases with distance from shore, from 0.2 - 0.3 mm nearshore to 0.11 - 0.16 mm by the drowned ridge. The coarse-grained fraction consists of skeletal debris (commonly 5 - 12% carbonate matter) and wave-milled kurkar grains (locally named zifzif). In deeper water, the basal sands underlying the fine-grained sediment cover consist of 1- to 30-cm layers whose composition ranges from silty sands to various types of sands (fine, medium, coarse, and gravelly) to zifzif. For the most part, they contain large amounts of skeletal debris (20 - 60%) and small fragments of kurkar. Two types of kurkar rock were encountered offshore: a well-sorted, fine- to medium-grained (0.074 - 0.300 mm) lithified dune sand with variable amounts of carbonate cement, ranging from hard rock of low permeability to loose sand; and a porous sandstone made up predominantly of algal grains and skeletal debris (calcarenite).     

海坛岛海岸风沙特征及其发育

论述了海坛岛海岸风沙堆积物的沉积特征，对风沙地貌的基本类型进行了划分，分析其发育的基本条件和触发因素，研究其发育历史。     

Provenance-related characteristics of beach sediments around the island of Menorca, Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean)

The island of Menorca, one of the Balearic Islands (Spain) located in the western Mediterranean, is characterised by a contrasting geology and landscape with two major geographic domains: (1) a southern region called Migjorn, comprised of Late Miocene calcarenites and limestones, and (2) a northern region known as Tramuntana, which is composed of folded and faulted Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Tertiary (Oligocene) siliceous and calcareous rocks. Both domains are lined by numerous pocket beaches exhibiting a high variety of surficial sediment assemblages. Grain-size and compositional analyses revealed that cliff erosion and nearshore Posidonia oceanica meadows are the main sources of sediments consisting mostly of medium- to coarse-grained carbonate sands of marine biogenic origin, with variable amounts of terrigenous rock fragments and quartz. Based on distinctly different contributions of bioclastic material, biogenic carbonates and quartz, 320 sediment samples from 64 beaches were grouped into different facies associations dominated by either (1) biogenic sands, (2) biogenic sands with terrigenous contributions or (3) terrigenous sands with quartz. Nevertheless, there is a marked regional variability in sediment texture and composition. Thus, variable mixtures of carbonate and siliciclastic sediments characterise the beaches of the northern region, whereas the beaches of the southern region are composed mostly of carbonate sands of marine biogenic origin. An exception is the central sector of the south coast, which is enriched in quartz sand (~10 %); this can be related to outcrops of quartz-rich basement rock and also to rocks exposed in some northern drainage basins captured by southern streams since the Plio-Quaternary.