南海表层沉积物中有机物分布研究

对南海表层沉积物中正构烷烃和多环芳烃的含量与分布进行了调查研究。发现南海表层沉积物的正构烷烃碳数分布范围多在Ｃ１６－Ｃ３３,奇偶优势指数ＯＥＰ值略大于１,显示有机质输入有混合源的特征;共检出近６０种多环芳烃化合物,包括萘、菲、蒽、芴、萤蒽、茈化合物的惹烯,Ｂｅｉ等陆源输入标志物。在此基础上,将所获得的数据进行了因子分析,其结果显示南海表层沉积物的物质输入有如下的特点：陆源高等植物输入和燃烧产物的贡     

南海表层沉积物中有机物分布研究

对南海表层沉积物中正构烷烃和多环芳烃的含量与分布进行了调查研究。发现南海表层沉积物的正构烷烃碳数分布范围多在C_16－C_33,奇偶优势指数OEP值略大于1,显示有机质输入有混合源的特征;共检出近60种多环芳烃化合物,包括萘、菲、蒽、芴、萤蒽、芘、系列化合物和惹烯、等陆源输入标志物。在此基础上,将所获得的数据进行了因子分析,其结果显示南海表层沉积物的物质输入有如下的特点：陆源高等植物输入和燃烧产物的贡献从北向南递减,而海源输入的特征是由北向南显著。     

青岛浴场表层海水正构烷烃和芳烃组成分布特征研究

对青岛浴场表层海水中正构烷烃和多环芳烃组成、分布及来源进行分析。分别在第一海水浴场(以下简称一浴)、第二海洋浴场(以下简称二浴)、黄岛金沙滩海水浴场和五四广场4个站位采集表层海水,经萃取、浓缩后用气质联用法(GC-MS)进行测定。结果表明,各站位海水中正构烷烃谱图均为双峰型,主峰碳和奇偶优势各不相同,正构烷烃(∑n-alk)含量为1.14-25.47μg/L;多环芳烃(∑PAHs)含量为201.01-314.30 ng/L,以二、三环的萘、苊、二氢苊、芴、菲、荧蒽为优势组分;一浴、二浴和五四广场海水正构烷烃以石油、化石燃料的不完全燃烧等人类活动输入为主,金沙滩海水正构烷烃以硅藻、细菌等浮游生物的输入为主;一浴、二浴和金沙滩海水多环芳烃主要来源于石油污染和化石燃料燃烧的混合源,五四广场海水多环芳烃主要来自石油源;正构烷烃特征比值CPI,OEP,Pr/Ph均指示四种海水受到石油污染。     

曹妃甸近岸海域石油烃污染物的来源与空间分布研究

以曹妃甸邻近海域为研究区,利用生物标志化合物地球化学参数分析了表层沉积物中石油烃类的主要组成和分布特征,探讨了石油烃污染物的来源。结果表明,曹妃甸邻近海域表层沉积物中正构烷烃为混源,且陆源贡献小于海洋源。地质构型藿烷、甾烷在甾萜类化合物中为优势组分,且萜甾烷参数显示了有机质成熟度较高。饱和烃的多种地球化学参数显示了该区域表层沉积物可能受到成熟度较高的石油烃输入及其后期微生物降解的影响。该研究将为曹妃甸近岸沉积物输移研究提供基础资料,进而为曹妃甸围填海工程的科学决策提供相关科学数据。     

台州湾海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃的浓度水平、富集规律及来源

研究了台州湾海域海水和表层沉积物中15种多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度水平,评价了表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集规律,探讨其可能来源.结果表明,表层沉积物中PAHs的浓度范围为85.4 ～ 167.6 ng/g,平均值为138.62 ng/g,总多环芳烃的最大值是椒江码头.表层沉积物中二环、三环、四环、五环和六环多环芳烃占总多环芳烃的百分含量平均值分别为7.8 %,42.1 %, 33.3 %, 9.6 %和 7.2 %,三环多环芳烃的含量最高;表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集系数为532.7 ～ 1068.9,平均值为807.5,单组分菲的富集系数最高为122.7,最小的是苯并(a)芘为2.7;台州湾表层沉积物中的多环芳烃主要来源于燃煤污染,部分来源于石油烃类物质的直接污染.     

台州湾海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃的浓度水平、富集规律及来源

研究了台州湾海域海水和表层沉积物中15种多环芳烃(PAHs) 的浓度水平,评价了表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集规律,探讨其可能来源.结果表明,表层沉积物中 PAHs 的浓度范围为85.4～167.6 ng / g,平均值为138.62 ng/g,总多环芳烃的最大值是椒江码头.表层沉积物中二环、三环、四环、五环和六环多环芳烃占总多环芳烃的百分含量平均值分别为7.8 %,42.1 %,33.3 %,9.6 % 和 7.2 %,三环多环芳烃的含量最高;表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集系数为 532.7～1 068.9,平均值为 807.5,单组分菲的富集系数最高为 122.7,最小的是苯并(a) 芘为 2.7;台州湾表层沉积物中的多环芳烃主要来源于燃煤污染,部分来源于石油烃类物质的直接污染.     

长江、黄河河口沉积物中生物标志化合物组成的初步研究

该文对长江口、黄河口以及废黄河口现代沉积物中生物标志化合物组成进行分析。结果表明 :长江与黄河沉积物中的生物标志化合物组成有较大的差别 ,长江沉积物中具明显奇偶优势的高碳数正构烷烃以及 C2 9甾烷的相对含量较高 ,Pr/Ph值较大 ,受陆生高等植物的影响明显 ;黄河低碳数正构烷烃和 C2 7甾烷的相对含量较高 ,Pr/Ph值较小 ,受陆生高等植物的影响较弱。甾烷、萜烷的成熟度指数显示长江高于黄河、现代黄河高于废黄河。这些差异主要受流域环境背景和流域内人文过程两大不同因素的影响     

海洋沉积物中烃类化合物预处理条件优化及应用

运用分辨率高、稳定性好的ＨＰ６８９０ 毛细管气相色谱仪定性、定量测定海洋沉积物中的正构烷烃和多环芳烃。对沉积物样品的预处理中抽提、蒸发、柱层析、萃取等步骤条件进行优化。优化方法中,正构烷烃系列化合物回收率为６５ ％ ～７６ ％ ,多环芳烃系列化合物为８８ ％ ～９５％ ,标准偏差是２．７％ ～２０．２％ （ｎ＝ ３）     

长江、老黄河口及东海陆架沉积有机质物源指标及有机碳的沉积环境

利用2002年9月“东方红2号”调查船调查中获得的沉积物样品,定量研究了长江、老黄河口以及东海陆架沉积物中正构烷烃和无环类异戊二烯烷烃(姥鲛烷和植烷)两种天然示踪物,结果表明:(1)各采样站位样品的碳数范围为n-C14~n-C34,主要可分为陆源单峰、双峰和石油污染等3种类型。(2)长江口东南软泥区和浙江沿岸软泥区沉积物样品中高碳正构烷烃n-C27、n-C29和n-C31含量较高,奇碳优势显著,表明其来源以陆源高等植物输入占优势;相反,“东海冷涡”泥质区和黄海中南陆架区沉积物样品中的低碳正构烷烃n-C17、n-C18和n-C19含量较高,奇偶优势不明显,表明其来源主要以浮游生物和细菌为主。冲绳海槽泥质区沉积物样品中高碳与低碳正构烷烃的含量几乎相当,表明其来源为海洋低等生物和陆地高等植物共同输入,其中陆源物质是从东海陆架经底流搬运而来的。(3)有机质的堆积受控于物质供应和沉积环境两大因素。东海中陆架区沉积物中正构烷烃总量和有机碳含量为最低,这是由于台湾暖流的顶托,使黄河和长江两大物质扩散系统对该区的物质供应量减少,沉积速率低,潮流冲刷作用强,沉积物保存有机碳的能力较差;表层沉积物中正构烷烃及有机碳的最高值分别出现在浙江沿岸软泥区(E 5站)和冲绳海槽泥质区(P 4站);“东海冷涡”泥质区沉积环境最为适宜,但是陆源有机质供应则相对较少。     

渤海湾中部表层沉积物中多环芳烃分布及其来源

通过对渤海湾中部海域19个站位表层沉积物样品中检测出的13种优控多环芳烃(EPAs)进行同分异构体、甲基菲、GC—MS定量等分析,探讨了研究区沉积物中多环芳烃分布特征、输入来源和污染水平,结果表明,研究区表层沉积物中多环芳烃总含量为2.1~374.8ng/g,平均值为33.1ng/g,多环芳烃总含量呈现出由近岸区向深海区递减的趋势,除最高值BG-60站位外,研究区与其他地区相比污染水平为中—低;化合物组成上以3~4环为主,5~6环次之,从多环芳烃组成以及异构体和甲基菲比值分析表明,研究区沉积物中PAHs以燃烧来源为主,石油类产品和石油化工燃料燃烧贡献最大,煤、木材燃烧贡献次之;高含量的菲和4个高成熟度异常点证实石油烃PAHs污染客观存在。     

晚更新世末至公元前7世纪的黄河流向和黄河三角洲

大约距今9600～8500a黄河在苏北北部入黄海.黄河口与其南侧的长江口相距100多千米.两条大河巨大数量的入海泥砂形成了黄河-长江复合三角洲.根据南黄海西部全新世海相沉积物厚度变化、苏北响水县陈家巷QCA孔沉积序列、阜宁以南、泰州以北里下河洼地早全新世沉积序列及苏北沿岸砂脊的物质组成判断,距今8500a左右黄河向北流注入渤海,距今8500～7000 a海面上升过程中没有形成黄河水下三角洲,距今7 000 a黄河三角洲又开始形成.     

广利河口拦门沙的沉积特征与冲淤过程的研究

为给广利河口航道的建设提供科学依据,通过对研究区现场调查,查明了广利河口拦门沙水动力特征、海底地形、底质特征和地层垂向分布特征。在进行沉积物分析与历史资料对比分析的基础上,探讨了拦门沙体的沉积特征和冲淤过程。分析认为,广利河口拦门沙是在浅海-潮坪基础上接受广利河、支脉河和溢洪河携运泥沙堆积而成,海岸滩涂沉积物和黄河口水下岸坡物质对拦门沙的发育也产生了一定的影响。在河流和海洋动力作用的改造下,现在拦门沙基本进入冲淤平衡时期。但近期由于人工因素的影响,拦门沙顶出现暂时的淤积。研究结果还表明：拦门沙体北侧水动力作用明显强于南侧,航道设计为东偏南较好。     

Temporal and spatial variations of the Huanghe River mouth bars

1 Introduction T aking the average riverbed elevation ofthe riverm outh from its upstream side to its dow nstream sidew ithin a m outh area as a base line, there is usually asand sw ell standing higher than the base line. If thesw ellis form ed in the distributary channel,itis consid-ered as “a longitudinalbar”;ifitis offornearthe riverm outh,itis called “m outh bar”(Jiand H uang,1995a),such as the cases in the C hangjiang R iver andQ iantang R iverm outh areas(see Figs 1 and 2). Fig. …     

A numerical experiment on the sedimentation processes in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

Sedimentation processes of suspended matter supplied from the Huanghe (Yellow River) and the Changjiang are investigated with the use of a three-dimensional numerical model of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea which includes the tidal current, residual flow and wind waves. Suspended matter supplied from the Huanghe mainly deposits in the Bohai Sea and that from the old river mouth of the Huanghe and from the Changjiang in the central part of the Yellow Sea or south of Cheju Island. The calculated results well reproduce the observed sedimentation pattern qualitatively except for the offshore area of the southeastern coast of China.     

Short-term variation in behavior of allochthonous particulate organic matter accompanying changes of river discharge in Ise Bay,Japan

The composition and behavior of allochthonous particulate organic matter (POM) in the northern part of Ise Bay, Japan were investigated to elucidate the short-term variation in POM accompanying changes in river discharge. The behavior of POM was significantly regulated by hydrographic conditions, but behavior was different in the upper layer versus the middle and lower layers. The former showed simple dynamics controlled by the river plume, while the latter showed complex dynamics because of changes in river discharge and subsequent variation in estuarine circulation. During normal discharge, the contribution of riverine materials to POC in the surface water within the bay was negligible because most riverine organic matter is deposited before flowing into the bay. During high discharge, on the other hand, the contribution of riverine organic matter to total POM increased to 50% at ∼10 km from the river mouth. Though riverine organic matter loads increased, the total amount of POC decreased around the river mouth due to flushing of phytoplankton. After river discharge, the contribution decreased rapidly.The behavior of POM in the middle and lower layers differed from that in the surface layer. At normal discharge, the influence of riverine organic matter was weak. During high discharge, high flooding temporarily weakened the bottom inflow, resulting in heavier riverine organic matter distributed from the river mouth to mid regions within the bay in the lower layer. The maximum contribution of riverine organic matter to total POM was estimated to be ∼60% around 25 km from the river mouth. After high discharge, riverine POM in the lower layer was pushed to the bay head by enhanced estuarine circulation and was uplifted to the middle layer. The behavior of riverine POM dynamically changed in relation to river discharge, and exerted a significant influence on bottom water conditions in the bay.     

Structure and distribution of the benthic macrofauna on a Northwest African sandy beach close to a freshwater river discharge

The effects of the freshwater discharge of the Oued Sebou River on the macroinfauna, was studied on the sandy beach of Mehdia through the analysis of the abiotic parameters and of the macrozoobenthos. In autumn 2002 and spring 2003, three beach sites, each with two transects, localized at 50, 3500 and 5720 m from the river mouth respectively, were studied. Positive correlations were recorded for beach slope and pH whereas negative ones were obtained for organic matter content and salinity at increasing distances from the river mouth. Significant differences between beach sites and seasons occurred for median grain size, organic matter content and pH. For each beach site, mean macroinfauna abundance varied between 30 and 100 ind.·m⁻² and in spring there was a significant correlation between this parameter and the increasing distance from the river mouth. No significant correlation was instead found between species richness and the increasing distance, although the farthest beach site from the mouth had the highest number of species during both seasons. The results indicated the importance of organic matter content and salinity for the macrofaunal abundance whereas the diversity indices were more affected by beach slope and grain size. The results showed that there was no clear spatial trend in compound indices of the macrofauna across the sampled sites and the influence of the river discharge of Sebou River did not seem to be significant and consistent on the macrobenthos of this mesotidal shore. Comparison with microtidal shores revealed the influence of the tidal excursion and swell characteristics on the response of the benthic structures of sandy beaches to discharges of freshwater.     

黄河口大型底栖动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的耦合分析

为探究复杂环境下的河口大型底栖生物群落结构特征,研究了黄河口及其毗邻海域内14个站位的底栖生物群落结构及其与主要环境因子的耦合关系。研究结果表明调查海域底栖生物群落组成和结构的空间异质性较高。底栖生物优势度不明显,优势物种集中于河口附近站位。生物多样性随离河口距离增加而增加,物种丰富度和生物多样性指数等的高值区均出现在远离河口的渤海湾和渤海中部站位,低值区位于近河口站位。对底栖生物群落的非参数多维排序(nMDS)和等级聚类分析显示,底栖生物群落结构相似性较低。丰度/生物量曲线(ABC曲线)分析显示,黄河口底栖生物群落整体上处于稳定状态,但近河口和莱州湾中西部站位受到干扰影响,群落结构不稳定。研究还表明生物量大的底栖生物(软体动物)倾向于向重金属含量较高的站位聚集。综合沉积物化学、预测毒性和底栖生物群落结构变化的评价结果可知,远离黄河口的沉积物环境质量普遍较好,而河口附近的沉积物环境质量较差。     

黄河清水沟流路稳定性分析

根据１９８９年５月和８月枯、洪水两个季节黄河拦门沙区及河口海区地质和水文调查资料，结合黄河利津水文站近几年的径流量和输沙量变化，对黄河清水沟流路稳定性及其影响因素进行综合分析研究。结果表明，近年来黄河来沙量渐少是清水沟流路稳定的重要因素之一，随着河口向南转向海动力作用较弱的莱州湾，海水沿河上溯力逐渐减弱，河流泥沙得以更顺利入海，并在口门外沉积；现流路河口海域的水动力作用虽然较弱，但涨，落潮流的分布     

长江与黄河河口沉积物环境磁学特征及其对比研究

对采自长江现行主河道和黄河入海口处的表层沉积样品进行了环境磁学参数的测量和对比研究.结果表明:长江和黄河河口沉积物的磁性载体主要是亚铁磁性物质,亚铁磁性矿物晶粒以假单畴-多畴为主,同时亦有超顺磁晶粒的存在;长江河口沉积物的磁性明显强于黄河河口沉积物,特别是质量磁化率、非磁滞剩磁及饱和等温剩磁,两者相对偏差在40%以上;在粗粒级沉积物(>0.063 mm)中,长江河口沉积物的磁化率与全样磁化率平均值差别较小,在4%左右;黄河河口沉积物差别很大,可达34%.两者的差别反映了长江和黄河沉积物中磁性矿物赋存方式的差异;长江和黄河河口沉积物磁性特征的差异与两者粒度特征对比明显.长江和黄河河口沉积物的这些磁学方面的差别是源岩特征和气候环境差异上的反映,可以作为判别两者物源的有效示踪剂.     

苏北南黄海潮成沙体的发育条件及演变过程

典型钻孔的层序地层、沉积磁组构、碎屑矿物等的分析资料以及古河谷的地质雷达探测资料等的综合研究表明,苏北南黄海潮成沙体是全新世海退以来形成的,辐聚辐散的潮流和长江、黄河的供沙是其主要发育条件.辐聚辐散的潮流场是南黄海固有的,至少在苏北亚近代潮成沙体发育之初就已存在.大河供沙主要发生在全新世海退期,海退前长江不可能向苏北岸外海域大量供沙,更不可能在港岸外形成三角洲.潮成沙体的演变主要受长江、黄河的供沙率控制,大致经历了雏形发育、高速建设、动态调整等3个阶段.