建筑沉降观测周期的探讨

通过对建筑物沉降实际观测分析,探讨沉降观测周期的合理性,从而确定出较合理的观测周期,减少不必要的劳动.     

试谈高层建筑物沉降观测周期的选择

近年来。随着国民经济的发展,大型高层建筑物不断出现,监测这些大型建筑物沉降已愈来愈受到人们的重视。我处用两年时间对佳木斯市金都大厦沉降观测周期的科学性、合理性和附合规范要求等方面。进行了探讨和研究。它直接涉及到这项工作的经济效益。为了能在满足精度要求的前提下尽量减少观测次数,正确、合理地确定观测周期,这是本文所要研究和探讨的关键。观测周期一般按下述两种方法确定: 1.按荷载阶段确定。从基础开始施工到静载满荷时为第一阶段。从静载满荷到趋向稳定为第二阶段(本文讨论是第二阶段)。     

沉降观测周期的确定

沉降观测周期的长短，直接涉及到这项工作的经济效益，因为每观测一次就要付出一次劳动代价。为了使付出劳动代价在满足精度需要的前提下尽量减少，合理地确定观测周期，是一个主要关键。     

高层建（构）筑物沉降观测技术方案设计及变形分析

首先介绍了常规建（构）筑物沉降观测相关要求,然后给出了南通市通州区星源.和谐大厦沉降观测技术设计方案,并重点对沉降观测数据进行了分析,结果表明,就单个点而言,CJ 3最不稳定,CJ 4最稳定,但最终所有点都稳定在0～1 mm区间内,该大厦在观测周期内沉降变形稳定,符合精度要求,建议按＂沉降观测技术方案＂观测周期,继续坚持沉降观测,以监测该建（构）筑物未来的稳定性。     

高层建筑沉降观测几个问题的探讨

本文探讨了沉降观测中的几个问题,阐述了从水准点、沉降观测点的埋设,观测方法、精度指标的确定等。从实际测量工作出发结合有关学科提出的观测方法和精度,对沉降观测工作开展有所裨益。     

建筑工程沉降观测方法的研究

国家及行业的有关规范标准都规定,建筑工程沉降观测应采用国家一、二等精密水准测量的方法进行,但与国家一、二等精密水准测量相比,建筑工程沉降观测的方法有其自身的特点。根据国家及行业的规范标准,结合笔者多年沉降观测的实际工作经验,对建筑工程沉降观测点的布设、沉降观测的实施、观测周期的安排等方面存在的问题进行分析研究,给出解决的方法或合理的建议。     

高层建筑施工沉降观测探讨

本文针对在高层建筑施工沉降观测中存在的问题，按照沉降观测精度等级及周期要求，采取有效措施，确保了沉降观测精度及测量成果的准确性，为工程施工和安全使用管理提供了决策依据。     

中宏时代广场T8住宅楼沉降观测及分析

沉降观测是建筑物在施工乃至使用过程中不可或缺的工作,它不仅关系到建筑质量,更关系到建筑物的安全。本文通过对中宏时代广场T8住宅楼建设期间的沉降观测阐述了建筑物变形监测的周期确定、点位布设等技术设计及数据分析,对成果资料的整理和分析,掌握建筑物的沉降动态,验证建筑物的设计,为确保建筑物今后的正常施工和安全运营提供了可靠的依据。     

建筑工程沉降监测方法及问题分析

介绍了目前建筑物沉降观测中的主要方法,在监测方法选择上应考虑监测精度、场地条件和工程类别等因素,从而有效提高其测量效率。沉降观测中的问题主要有监测精度问题、数据处理问题、监测周期问题以及监测人员素质问题,在沉降观测中应采取有效措施提高测量精度,将影响降至最低,为工程的顺利进行提供保障。     

小区沉降观测的探索

住宅小区建筑沉降观测主要采用的方法是:水准观测,闭合线路检核,根据观测周期和相邻位置构建沉降变形数据的时间和空间序列,用数据序列变化反映沉降过程.本文在分析小区沉降数据的特点重复性、相关性和延续性后,使用电子表格和数据库来管理沉降数据,其优势在于充分利用了传统关系数据库的成熟技术,如并发控制、事务处理、结构化查询、权限设置等.     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。