孔隙水压是控制地震破裂的主要因素

正全球最大地震往往发生在大洋板块向大陆板块俯冲的地方,而被困于两个板块边界之间的水对地震破裂过程有着非常明显的影响。通过对2010年2月27日智利大地震的分析,德国地学中心(GFZ)和英国利物浦大学的研究人员发现,形成板块边界的岩石的孔隙水压是影响地震破裂过程的主要因素。该研究成果发表在2014年3月28日的Nature上。     

南京地区地震构造环境研究

地壳物质组成、特定地壳结构或地震构造是地震孕育的母体,区域动力作用环境(力源)是地震孕育、发生的必要条件。在活动板块边缘(如印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞带、菲律宾海板块和太平洋板块与欧亚板块碰撞带),地震活动较强,地震密集,在板块内部或不活动板块边     

云南地震地电场前兆异常观测研究

正大地电场是来自地球外部的空间电流体系对地球内部所形成的感应电场,地震地壳破裂能量积累需要一个过程,此过程导致地壳应力、应变发生了改变,并在地球内部产生电动力学效应。因此,当地球板块张裂或碰撞挤压,火山和地震活动时,可以在地震前观测到丰富的地震短临电磁变化信息。云南受印度洋板块和亚欧板块挤压,地震频发。自"十五"计划以来,云南建立了一定数     

帕米尔兴都库什地区板块俯冲及其应力状态

利用美国国家地震信息中心(NEIC)提供的1973;2006年地震目录、哈佛大学提供的1978;2005年地震机制解资料,精细地研究了帕米尔;兴都库什地区印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞形态,分析了地震震源机制特征。研究结果认为:欧亚板块以约50;的倾角向南俯冲,地震最大深度为364km;印度板块以层间插入的方式与欧亚板块碰撞,在帕米尔;结附近碰撞强烈,地震活动明显增强,震源剖面显示字型分布形态;在帕米尔;结;两侧,随着印度板块俯冲动力减弱,地震活动也明显减弱,地震震源剖面显示,印度板块向北俯冲的剖面形态逐渐消失,欧亚板块向SE俯冲的剖面形态越加清晰,从地震震源剖面分布形态分析,印度板块没有穿过欧亚板块,印度板块向北的反复、多期的叠瓦式地震分布形态,可能反映印度板块向北俯冲;断离、再俯冲;再断离的过程。由于印度板块与欧亚板块间的强烈碰撞挤压作用,帕米尔;兴都库什地区处于以近SN向的挤压构造应力状态,逆断层数量约占70%,正断层数量约占11%,走滑断层数量约占19%。P轴优势方位显示帕米尔;兴都库什地区主压应力近SN向,倾角近水平,呈现由南向北倾斜;T轴倾角近垂直,整体接近俯冲带的倾向。帕米尔;兴都库什地区应力     

千岛群岛大地震与中国东北地区地震相关性的探讨

在分析3次千岛群岛大地震对应东北地区地震的基础上,讨论了在地质构造背景下千岛群岛大地震引起板块俯冲与我国东北地区地震的相关性.结果表明,千岛群岛发生7级以上地震对应东北地区地震有较强相关性;千岛群岛在大地震破裂过程中产生的俯冲作用自东向西对东北板块产生挤压作用,东北地震区相继发生了浅源地震;千岛群岛地区发生地震时,东北...     

我国青藏高原及邻区强震活动与板块运动力源变化的探讨(英文)

本文对青藏高原及邻区以及川滇地区大地震变迁进行研究,结合印度板块对欧亚板块推挤中力源的变化,探讨板块运动的不均匀性及碰撞规律。 通过分析认为,印度板块对欧亚板块的运动是不均衡的,具有一定的运动规律,可能经历了一个由东强——东转百——西转东——东、西强——东强的力源变化的循环过程。其中板块东部推挤较西部强烈,东部和西部推挤交替进行,板内地震显示出一定的轮回性。 今后对青藏高原地区来讲,应注意西部地区的地震活动的趋势,估计板块运动的力源会有一个变化或调整,由现在的东强转为西强的过渡阶段。对于川滇地区地震活动仍处于低水平阶段,虽有较强地震发生,但发生7级以上大地震可能性不大。     

中国大陆及其邻近地区7级以上强震分布特征

基于印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的形态、应力方向及其地貌特征,本文对1895-2016年的7级以上地震活动划分了3个轮回,每个轮回分为两个活动阶段,结果表明3个轮回的地震空间分布有较好的重复性,印度板块向北的推进过程,控制了我国大陆地震活动的阶段性及其分布形态。类比历史地震活动特征,提出未来我国大陆地震活动的主体地区为祁连山褶皱系附近,存在发生2-3次7级以上地震的可能,受印度板块继续向北推挤的影响,我国西南地区也存在发生7级以上地震的可能。     

帕米尔-兴都库什地区的板块俯冲特征

本文利用美国国家地震信息中心（NEIC）提供的1973～2006年地震目录,哈佛大学提供的1978-2005年地震机制解资料,研究了帕米尔-兴都库什地区印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞形态,分析了印度板块向北俯冲对地震活动及其区域应力场的影响。地震震源三维图象显示：欧亚板块与印度板块在帕米尔＂结＂附近碰撞强烈,地震活动明显增强,震源剖面显示＂V＂字型分布形态;在帕米尔＂结＂东侧,随着印度板块俯冲动力减弱,地震活动也明显减弱,印度板块向北俯冲的剖面形态逐渐消失,欧亚板块向东南俯冲的剖面形态越加清晰;印度板块向北俯冲具有由浅向深、由南向北反复迁移的特征,可能反映印度板块向北俯冲→断离、再俯冲→再断离的过程。由于印度板块与欧亚板块间的强烈碰撞挤压作用,帕米尔-兴都库什地区处于以近南北向的挤压构造应力状态,逆断层数量约占70%,正断层数量约占11%,走滑断层数量约占19%。P轴优势方位显示帕米尔-兴都库什地区主压应力近南北向,倾角近水平,呈现由南向北倾斜;T轴倾角较大,近垂直,整体接近俯冲带的倾向。帕米尔-兴都库什地区应力场特征表明,印度板块向北的主动推挤,是形成这一区域应力场的主动力,向南倾的欧亚板块处于一种被动的被挤压状态。     

华东南—印尼板块的边界划分及其地震活动特征

本文研究全球已经划出的大中小板块之间分界线的表现特征并从地震活动特征出发,分析中国板块(又称东南亚板块)中与我国地震活动有密切联系的部分,划分出了“华东南——印尼板块”和“青藏蒙古板块”。对这两板块分界线附近的地震活动特征与火山活动等地质标志进行了分析。     

1982年日本茨城地震序列表现出的局部板块俯冲动态过程

板块构造的运动和动力学是地学研究的前沿课题．板块边缘强震是板块运动的直接结果．分析1982年日本茨城地震序列发现，震源断层面存在分阶段沿走向扩展、倾向调整的特殊图象．结合震源机制的走向、倾向以及滑动方向等资料，确认属于日本海沟下方的俯冲带逆冲地震．文中讨论了地震序列过程的成因，认为采用介于年尺度的空间大地测量结果与秒尺度的强震矩张量分析之间的地震序列时空分布研究，表明太平洋板块向欧亚板块局部下方俯冲的动态过程．根据地震平均错距和板块运动速度，推测近年当地可能再次发生强震．      

Contemporary crustal deformations in the Izu peninsula,Honshu, Japan and acceleration of plate bending in the northernmost part of the Philippine Sea plate

Since the beginning of the anomalous vertical crustal movement in the Izu peninsul, Honshu, Japan, many repeated precise levellings have been carried out by the Geographical Survey Institute. Trilaterations covering the entire Izu peninsula have also been carried out by the Geographical Survey Institute. A new technique is developed to adjust the results of levellings, because they had been carried out for different epochs along each levelling route and because of rapid vertical crustal movements. In conventional least-squares adjustment of levelling network, only corrections to the approximate height are assumed to be unknown, while in the present analysis a special model in which rates of vertical deformation at any bench marks are also assumed to be unknown, is adopted. In addition, tidal stations along the coast of the Izu peninsula yield the rate of vertical crustal movement from analysis of tidal data independent of levelling data. We select several special bench marks in which rates of vertical movement are determined by tidal analysis, thereafter special adjustment is applied according to the type of network.The results show that the peninsula is inclined to the south-west. Uplift in the northeastern part of the peninsula is accompanied by remarkable subsidence in the southwest. The rate of contemporary inclination is many times higher than the rate during the period from 1929 to 1972.The deformation is concentrated in the area whereNakamura (1979, 1980) pointed out the bending of the Philippine Sea plate. The mode and rate of the detected crustal deformation suggest the accelerated bending of the peninsula. There are some local uplift that deviate from the general pattern of deformation. The most remarkable land uplift was observed near Ito, a city within the peninsula, and the focus of this uplift migrated with time. The accelerated plate bending will produce an extension at the earth's surface and contraction in the deeper part of the subcrustal layer, additionally it triggered the intrusion of magma from the deeper part to the shallower. Moreover, the accelerated plate bending also triggered seismic swarms and destructive, earthquakes in and around the peninsula.     

Tectonic Plate Parameters Estimated in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame ITRF2008 Based on SLR Stations

This paper concerns an analysis of the accuracy of estimated parameters Ω (Φ, Λ, ω) which define the tectonic plate motions. The study is based on the velocities of station positions published by ITRF2008 for Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) technique. The Eurasian, African, North American and Australian plates were used in the analysis. Influence of the number and location of stations on the plate surface on estimation accuracy of the tectonic plate motion parameters was discussed. The results were compared with the APKIM 2005 IGN model. In general, a remarkable concurrence agreement between our solutions and the APKIM 2005 model was found.     

平均热点参考基准的建立和岩石圈西向漂移的研究

对于大地测量应用来说,目前IERS机构在定义地球参考系时推荐采用岩石圈无整体旋转(No-Net-Rotation-NNR)约束条件,然而对于地球物理应用来说,相对于NNR参考基准的绝对板块运动数据可能会对地幔对流等研究结果产生误导.考虑到热点的运动,提出建立平均热点(MHS-Medial HotSpot)参考基准的方法,给出建立该基准的约束准则,分别以地学模型NNR-NUVEL1A和实测模型ITRF2005VEL为基础,建立了平均热点参考基准MHS-NUVEL1A和MHS-ITRF2005,并与其它基于热点的绝对板块运动模型进行了比较和分析;讨论了岩石圈的西向漂移,给出了岩石圈相对于下地幔整体旋转的更精确的定量估计,即基于实测的热点参考架MHS-ITRF2005和地学模型NNR-NUVEL1A之间的整体旋转为0.26°/Ma,旋转极在(50°S, 62°E),这与由板块的受力模型给出的岩石圈的整体旋转的旋转极很接近,旋转速率大致快了10%.     

华北东部晚中生代伸展构造作用

本文在对华北东部晚中生代变质核杂岩、原型裂陷盆地群分布特征研究的基础上，结合区域地壳和上地幔的地球物理场特征，分析了变质核杂岩构造、裂陷盆地群的主要控制因素和岩石圈巨大减薄作用的形成机理，阐明了华北东部晚中生代的构造演化受太平洋板块俯冲效应、扬子板块碰撞挤压和软流圈大规模上涌联合作用的控制，而地表、中－上地壳分界和Moho界面是深部地质过程和浅部地质构造之间耦合的关键界面.     

Origin of tectonic stresses in the Chinese continent and adjacent areas

Based on data of principal stress orientation from focal mechanism and of geological features in China, we made pseudo-3D genetic algorithm finite element (GA-FEM) inversion to investigate the main forces acting on the Chinese continent and adjacent areas which form the Chinese tectonic stress field. The results confirm that plate boundary forces play the dominant role in forming the stress field in China, as noticed by many previous researchers. However, we also find that topographic spreading forces, as well as basal drag forces of the lower crust to the upper crust, make significant contribution to stresses in regional scale. Forces acting on the Chinese continent can be outlined as follows: the collision of the India plate to the NNE is the most important action, whereby forces oriented to the NW by the Philippine plate and forces oriented to the SWW by the Pacific plate are also important. Topographic spreading forces are not negligible at high topographic gradient zones, these forces are perpendicular to edges of the Tibetan Plateau and a topographic gradient belt running in the NNE direction across Eastern China. Basal drag forces applied by the ductile flow of the lower crust to the base of upper crust affect the regional stress field in the Tibetan Plateau remarkably, producing the clockwise rotation around the eastern Himalaya syntax.     

西太平洋板块向我国东北地区深部俯冲的数值模拟

本文采用依赖温度的黏度结构以及考虑海洋板块和大陆板块厚度差异等特征,以太平洋板块向欧亚板块会聚速率作为板块速度的主要约束,通过变化海沟后撤速度模型,数值模拟西太平洋板块向中国东北的俯冲过程.结果表明,要产生类似于中国东北之下低角度的板片俯冲,海沟后撤是重要条件;而上下地幔黏度的较大差异是决定俯冲板片不穿透660 km相变面的决定因素;西太平洋板块向欧亚板块的俯冲应早于70 Ma B.P.,海沟后撤速度可能小于一些地质学家估计的45 mm/a, 而且可能是分阶段变化的;速度场表明运动学模型的反过程：大陆岩石圈之下物质的不断水平向东的流动和推挤可能成为海沟后撤的力源之一,地幔物质的这种东向流动可能与印度板块挤压碰撞欧亚板块有关,沿欧亚板块东缘的扩张构造可能是太平洋-欧亚板块运动和印度-欧亚板块运动的综合效应.     

外伸端板螺栓连接节点的强度和刚度研究

介绍了多层钢框架外伸端板连接半刚性节点在荷载作用下的试验过程和破坏结果,并根据试验结果,分析三种不同连接类型的强度和刚度特性及影响因素,对外伸端板厚度的计算方法和增强外伸端板连接半刚性节点刚度的构造措施进行了探讨并提出建议。     

Plate tectonics,paleomagnetism and the tectonic history of the N.E. Pacific

The geology of Alaska has long been recognized as very complex. Recent paleomagnetic data, combined with paleogeographic reconstructions based on the concepts of plate tectonics, indicate that at least the southern parts of Alaska may be made up of a number of slivers of continental material rafted up along the western edge of North America.If a model of this sort is real, the implications are far reaching. Thus, the first part of this survey explains in some detail the techniques and assumptions used, namely the paleomagnetic technique, the use of the geomagnetic field reversal pattern as seen in marine magnetic anomalies, the use of both local (Alaskan) and global seismicity patterns, and the concept of sea-mount chains generated by hot spots as indicators of past movement of the ocean floor.By combining information derived from these different methods, an internally consistent picture of the development of the Alaska Peninsula and Gulf of Alaska has been assembled. This model involves the region that is now the Alaska Peninsula area, having been located at approximately the latitude of Oregon/california in early Mesozoic times, and looking much like Baja California looks today. Baja Alaska was then rafted north on the ancient Pacific plate, and rotated into its present position as a result of changes in the relative Pacific-North American plate motion.     

大兴安岭西北部中新生代盆地群基底电性分带特征研究

位于大兴安岭西北部的中新生代盆地群(海拉尔、根河、漠河),其构造受到大兴安岭断裂、德尔布干断裂的控制,西北方向的蒙古-鄂霍茨克缝合带、南部西拉木伦河-延吉缝合带甚至更远的西太平洋板块运动、印度板块运动以及黑龙江中西部微板块间拼合等区域构造应力场叠加作用在该盆地群基底产生了复杂的深部构造特征.本文利用沿盆地群实施的4条(...