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??1999~2001??2001~2004????????????????嶫???GPS?????????вο?????任??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????α??λ?????????????????????????任?ο???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????仯?????????????????????????     

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??2011~2013??7?μ?3??????GPS???1????????д???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????GPS?????????????????????????1???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Σ??????????2?????-崲?????????????????????????Σ?2013-07-22??????????????Ms6.6????3????2008??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1~3 mm/a??     

论地面垂直变形监测中应用GPS技术的可能性

用GPS技术传递高程基准时需要知道精确的大地水准面与椭球面之差.但在垂直变形监测的特定情况下,人们关心的是高程的变化而不是高程本身.提出在地面沉降监测中可用站坐标系下的U分量变化代替水准测量高差的变化.分析了这一方法的可能误差和大小.根据1995～1998年连续4年的GPS与精密水准对比观测,验证了方法的实际精度,表明在地面沉降监测中有可能用GPS技术代替精密水准传递高程基准.     

用GPS监测城市地面沉降的可行性研究

研究了用GPS观测取代常规水准测量方法监测城市地面沉降变化的可行性。在宁波市进行了两期GPS测量和水准测量，观测中并采取一定的措施以获得高精度的高程分量。顾及到对流层延迟的影响，采用Saastamcinen模型改正对流层延迟的干分量部分，用分段线性方法来估计对流层的湿分量变化。用Bernese软件对数据进行处理，获得了毫米级的高程精度。实际算例证明，用GPS测量代替水准测量来监测城市地面沉降变化是可行的。     

山东省地面沉降监测与防治工作进展

近年来,山东省地面沉降监测与防治工作取得了重要进展,初步建立了以二等水准路线、全球定位系统(GPS)、基岩标分层标和地下水监测为基础的"四网合一"地面沉降监测体系,INSAR监测实现了山东全省覆盖。监测成果显示,山东省地面沉降主要位于东营市广饶县、滨州市博兴县、聊城市茌平县,沉降速率呈加快趋势,造成建筑物地基下沉、房屋开裂、地下管道破损等一系列地质环境问题。     

时序InSAR解译2017~2020年北京地面沉降时空变化

利用合成孔径雷达干涉测量（InSAR）技术对2017-06~2020-06期间获取的Sentinel-1数据集进行处理和分析,获取北京近几年地面沉降区域的时空分布特征。结果表明,北京地表形变呈现5处沉降区,最大年形变速率为-111.3 mm/a。将InSAR结果与GPS观测资料进行对比,验证了时序InSAR的有效性。对比2018年和2019年的年形变速率可知,各个沉降范围内的沉降面积均在减小,且沉降减缓的面积远大于沉降加速的面积。局部调查后发现,5处沉降区除1处仍在加速沉降外,其他4处的沉降速度均在减缓。     

基于EGM2008重力场模型的GPS高程拟合测量的实用性分析

从两个工程实例的GPS高程拟合测量入手,分析三、四等水准测量的要求。展开GPS高程拟合与常规水准获取高程的比较分析、GPS/水准观测高程拟合精度的统计分析、GPS观测等级对GPS/水准观测拟合高程精度的影响分析、利用常规水准限差来评定GPS拟合高程水准等级的研究及GPS拟合高程的实用性分析。结果表明,在一定条件下GPS高程拟合测量可替代水准测量。     

Spatial-temporal characteristics of land subsidence corresponding to dynamic groundwater funnel in Beijing Municipality,China

Due to long-term over-exploitation of groundwater in Beijing Municipality,regional groundwater funnels have formed and land subsidence has been induced.By combining a groundwater monitoring network,GPS monitor-ing network data,radar satellite SAR data,GIS and other new technologies,a coupled process model based on the dy-namic variation of groundwater and the deformation response of land subsidence has been established.The dynamic variation of groundwater funnels and the land subsidence response process were analyzed systematically in Beijing.Study results indicate that current groundwater funnel areas are distributed mainly in the southwest of Shunyi District,the northeast of Chaoyang District and the northwest of Tongzhou District,with an average decline rate of groundwa-ter level of 2.66 m/yr and a maximum of 3.82 m/yr in the center of the funnels.Seasonal and interannual differences exist in the response model of land subsidence to groundwater funnels with uneven spatial and temporal distribution,where the maximum land subsidence rate was about-41.08 mm/yr and the area with a subsidence rate greater than 30 mm/yr was about 1637.29 km2.Although a consistency was revealed to exist between a groundwater funnel and the spatial distribution characteristics of the corresponding land subsidence funnel,this consistency was not perfect.The results showed that the response model of land subsidence to the dynamic variation of groundwater was more revealing when combining conventional technologies with InSAR,GIS,GPS,providing a new strategy for environmental and hydrogeological research and a scientific basis for regional land subsidence control.     

GPS观测得到的天津地区的现今变形

1995年为了监测天津市的地面变形，配合地面沉降的精密水准测量，在天津市布设了一个GPS监测网。从1995年开始，每年的10月或11月进行一次精密GPS测量，到2001年已连续观测7年，在重新系统处理这7年资料的基础上，对天津地区的现今变形进行了研究，并与同时进行的精密水准复测的垂直变形结果进行了比较。结果表明，在扣除了天津地区随同欧亚板块在地球表面的整体运动之后。天津地区仍然有以东向运动为主要特征的水平运动，年速率约为8.4mm/a，这与整个华北地区的东向运动一臻。天津地区的垂直变形主要是因抽用地下水，油，气引起的地面沉降。用GPS测得的沉降量与用精密水准得到的结果相当一致，天津地区的垂直变形主要是因抽用地下水，油，气引起的地面沉降，用GPS测得的沉降量与用精密水准得到的结果相当一致，其偏差均方根值为11.6mm/a。据此对天津地区的地面沉降监测问题提出了建议。     

基于似大地水准面格网的插值方法及精度分析

影响由似大地水准面模型进行GPS高程转换的因素有两个：GPS点大地高的测量精度和该点内插高程异常的精度。利用模拟以及某一区域似大地水准面模型比较了反距离加权插值、线性插值、谢别德插值以及切比雪夫插值方法用于GPS点高程异常内插的精度,结果表明：对于分辨率较高的似大地水准面,切比雪夫插值具有很好的内插效果。     

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