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谭菊萍 《前寒武纪研究进展》2013,(4):299-304
黄河冲积平原面积广大,农田灌溉频繁,灌水量大,在地下水资源评价时对灌溉入渗系数取值困难。本文在现场灌溉入渗试验的基础上,分析包气带岩性及结构、水位埋深、灌溉水量对灌溉入渗系数的影响,总结提出了多种条件下灌溉入渗系数的取值范围。在单位灌水量40~60m3/亩和水位埋深小于4m、4~8m、大于8m的井灌区中,当包气带岩性为粉土、粉砂时,灌溉入渗系数可分别取值0.21~O.10、0.10—0.05、0.05~0;当包气带岩性夹有粉质粘土层时,灌溉入渗系数可分别取值0.15~0.09、0.09—0.05、0.05~0。在单位灌水量较大的渠灌区,灌溉入渗系数可按单位灌水量的增大倍数而增加,由此为黄河冲积平原区地下水补给量计算中灌溉入渗系数的确定提供了依据。 相似文献
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山东黄河冲积平原区地氟病与地球化学环境相关性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
山东黄河冲积平原区是山东省地氟病的重病区,危害严重。选择其中的郓城、嘉祥、博兴3县进行土壤氟含量、饮水氟含量、儿童尿氟、儿童氟斑牙检出率、氟斑牙指数、成人尿氟、成人氟骨症检出率等指标进行调查,结果表明区内土壤、饮水氟含量和群体的尿氟含量普遍较高,高氟的危害和地方性氟中毒病情十分严重。在分析氟元素在土壤、饮水中的分布及变化规律的基础上,开展地方性氟中毒病与生态地球化学环境相关性研究,认为地方性氟中毒病与土壤中氟含量、饮水氟含量呈正相关关系。 相似文献
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Environmental degradation of wetlands is a major issue in the Yellow River Delta of China. Natural threats and human activities, such as flow cut-off of the Yellow River and droughts, population growth and urbanization, cause wetlands degradation of the delta during the last century, especially in the recent 50?years. Wetland degradation in the Yellow River Delta was investigated and its causation was analyzed. The results indicated that landscape changes of wetlands were mostly tremendous in the whole delta, namely loss of wetland area, surface water and groundwater pollution. Some new degradation control measures based on traditional and scientific knowledge must be used to reverse the wetlands degradation in the Yellow River Delta. 相似文献
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Alluvial fan is among the important geomorphic positions in arid and semi-arid environments, and the history of settlement in central parts of Iran plateau has significantly been related to this landform. Soil properties are also related to the stability and the position of geomorphic surfaces. To study and compare clay mineralogy and soil physicochemical responses to geomorphic positions, 11 representative pedons on stable and unstable alluvial fan surfaces and plain geomorphic position in a transect from Sarcheshmeh Mountains toward Rafsanjan Plain were studied. Soil moisture and temperature regimes of the area were aridic and mesic, respectively. Smectite, kaolinite, chlorite, illite, and palygorskite clay minerals were found in almost all the studied soils. More salinity was investigated in stable alluvial fan surfaces than unstable positions. Evidence of a more humid paleoclimate shown by buried Bt horizons in plain surface was observed. Transformation of palygorskite to smectite in surface horizon of unstable alluvial fan position and preservation of palygorskite associated by gypsum crystals in By horizon of stable fan surfaces were among the important findings of the research. There was a significant and mutual relationship between geomorphology and physicochemical and mineralogical properties of soils under study. 相似文献
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Cerro La China, within the Tandilia Range, has a long archaeological record in which three different human occupations were identified. The geoarchaeological approach allowed us to correlate the archaeosedimentary columns at Site 2 and Site 3 and place the local stratigraphy in a regional context. The archaeologically rich stratigraphic sequence is composed of three episodes of loess deposition. The first bears a 10,600 yr B.P. Paleoindian occupation with Fishtail or Fell's Cave Stemmed points. It is followed by a soil-forming interval which ended about 5000 yr B.P. with an erosive episode. The second event of loess deposition continued through an unknown span of time until a new soil-forming interval started; it includes triangular stemless medium size projectile points corresponding to a different human group. By the sixteenth century another erosive event interrupted the soil-forming interval. After this, the third short-term eolian episode occurred and bears the most recent archaeological occupation marked by small triangular stemless points. 相似文献
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沉积物中的生物遗迹记录是生物与环境相互作用的结果,是沉积环境、气候及生态环境的良好指示标志。文中主要研究了黄河中下游焦作区段现代边滩沉积物中的生物遗迹及其造迹者的组成与分布特点,即:(1)近岸边滩:几乎无植被,以层面上的生物觅食迹为主,其造迹生物主要有鸟类、长泥甲虫(鞘翅目长泥甲科)和隐翅虫(鞘翅目隐翅虫科)等;(2)远岸边滩:有大量植物根出现,大多数生物遗迹是层内U形、Y形和W形潜穴以及层面上的F形、Y形爬行迹和觅食迹,其主要造迹生物为蝼蛄(直翅目蝼蛄科)、蟋蟀、狼蛛和蠕虫类等;(3)泛滥平原:出现大量植物根,以层内J形、漏斗形等的生物居住迹和进食迹为主,主要造迹生物为蝼蛄、蟋蟀、田鼠、蚁狮和狼蛛等。基于沉积物粒度分析、总有机碳测定、菌落平板计数法等手段分析得知,研究区现代生物遗迹的深度随沉积物中微生物群落数量的增加及植物根长度的增长而增加,而丰度和分异度随沉积物粒度的递减及总有机碳含量的增加而增大。该成果一方面能为研究区黄河边滩上生物成因的沉积构造提供新资料,另一方面也能为地史时期河流沉积环境的研究乃至古地理、古生态环境重建提供生物遗迹学方面的科学依据。 相似文献
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Hans-Joachim Pachur Bernd Wünnemann Linyuan Zhang Hucai Zhang Yuzheng Ma 《GeoJournal》1994,34(1):97-106
At Lingfeng, (34°17'N, 104°08'E) on the northern slopes of the Qinling Mountains, a stratigraphic survey was made of a 21-m-profile of floodplain sediments on the watershed between the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) and Huang He (Yellow River) at 2500 m above sea level. The sediments contain <2 m thick layers of peat and detritical plant matter that had been deposited on the floodplain of the Langouhe. If the radiometric dates are reliable, the chronology of the site spans some 80,000 years, covering an accumulation process from the terminal Last Interglacial up to <24 ka BP. The phase >73 ka BP had cool and wet conditions with a coniferous forest vegetation. Between 73 ka and > 40 ka colder and drier conditions were likely. The vegetation changed from aPicea-Pinus forest to aPicea-Abies-Larix forest with a later increase of non-arboreal pollen. Around 40 ka the climate was warm and moist. The accumulation of silt and organic matter as well as the development of a mixed coniferous forest with high rates of thermophilous trees(Quercus, Castanea) characterize the interstadial conditions at this time. Later on, the climate changed to cool and moist conditions, evidenced by silt and peat accumulation and a coniferous forest vegetation up to <24 ka BP. The loess in this area was deposited after 24 ka and erosion by the tributaries of Chang Jiang and Huang He to a depth of at least 40 m created the watershed between the two river systems. 相似文献
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三门峡水库黄河河漫滩沉积柱有机氯农药垂直分布特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
沉积柱取于三门峡水库黄河河漫滩,总长549 cm,采用GC-ECD气相色谱仪和X射线衍射仪分别测定了沉积物中有机氯农药的质量分数和矿物成分.研究结果表明,有14种有机氯农药检出,它们在泥质层中的质量分数明显高于沙质层,质量分数较高的组分有HCHs、Endrin和DDTs.HCHs的平均质量分数大于DDTs,前者在表层沉积物中富集,后者则在表层沉积物中明显减少.DDTs与黏土矿物呈正相关,与碎屑矿物呈负相关,与碳酸盐矿物没有显著相关性. 相似文献
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黄河冲积扇平原浅层地下水中氮循环对砷迁移富集的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
黄河冲积扇平原浅层地下水砷含量超标情况严重,豫北平原的主体是黄河冲洪积扇平原。全面了解豫北平原浅层地下水氮循环驱动下砷的富集模式,对地下水资源的可持续利用和居民健康至关重要。本文采集豫北平原513组浅层地下水样品,采用原子荧光光谱法测定砷含量,原子吸收光谱和离子色谱等方法进行全分析及微量元素分析,对该地区高砷地下水的水化学成分以及地下水中硝酸盐、氨氮与砷之间的相关关系进行探究,并研究了氮循环对地下水中砷迁移富集的影响。结果表明:研究区浅层地下水中砷浓度超标率为17.3%。不同沉积环境条件下氮的赋存形态和转化方式是砷富集的重要驱动因素。山前冲洪积扇裙带中经硝化作用产生大量NO3-,浓度平均值为9.3mg/L,为各区最高,同时砷浓度为各区最低,平均值为1.3μg/L,NO3-与砷浓度之间良好的负相关性表明硝化作用产生大量NO3-,不利于含砷氧化铁的溶解;NH4+含量较高的冲洪积扇前洼地及黄河决口扇地区,为高砷地下水的聚集地,两地地下水砷浓度平均值分别为49.7μg/L和18.9μg/L,超标率达到87.5%和71.4%。地下水中砷含量与NH4+之间良好的正相关关系表明,反硝化和硝酸异化还原成铵(DNRA)过程消耗了地下水中的NO3-,生成大量NH4+,促进吸附了砷的铁氧化物的还原溶解而导致砷释放到地下水中,形成了富集砷的环境。 相似文献
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《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
Bentonites consisting mainly of montmorillonite are widely utilized in various applications. However, natural bentonites contain many kinds of impurities such as quartz, cristobalite, feldspar, zeolite, calcite etc., which can decrease the performance of bentonite. Furthermore, quartz and cristobalite are carcinogenic. Therefore purification of bentonite is critical to its applications. Among the impurities in bentonite, cristobalite is the most difficult one to get rid of because of its tiny particle size and aggregation state. 相似文献
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Vance T. Holliday John F. Hoffecker Paul Goldberg Richard I. Macphail Steven L. Forman Mikhail Anikovich Andrei Sinitsyn 《Geoarchaeology》2007,22(2):181-228
The Kostenki–Borshchevo localities include 26 Upper Paleolithic sites on the first and second terraces along the west bank of the Don River, near Voronezh on the central East European Plain. Geoarchaeological research from 2001 through 2004 focused on sites Kostenki 1, 12, and 14, with additional work at Kostenki 11 and 16, and Borshchevo 5. The strata are grouped into three units (bottom up): Unit 1, > 50 ka, consists of coarse alluvium (representing upper terrace 2 deposits) and colluvium, overlain by fine‐grained sediments. Unit 2 includes archaeological horizons sealed within two sets of thin lenses of silt, carbonate, chalk fragments, and organic‐rich soils (termed the Lower Humic Bed and Upper Humic Bed) dating 50–30 ka. Separating the humic beds is a volcanic ash lens identified as the Campanian Ignimbrite Y5 tephra, dated elsewhere by Ar/Ar to ca. 40 ka. The humic beds appear to result from the complex interplay of soil formation, spring deposition, slope action, and other processes. Several horizons buried in the lower part of Unit 2 contain Upper Paleolithic assemblages. The springs and seeps, which are still present in the area today, emanated from the bedrock valley wall. Their presence may account for the unusually high concentration of Upper Paleolithic sites in this part of the central East European Plain. Unit 3, < 30 ka, contains redeposited loess with a buried soil (Gmelin Soil) overlain by a primary full‐glacial loess with an associated Chernozem (Mollisol), forming the surface of the second terrace. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Mei-e Ren 《GeoJournal》1995,37(4):473-478
The Yellow River, China is noted for its extremely heavy sediment load, about 5 times that of the Mississippi and very small flow, only 8% that of the Mississippi. Owing to the construction of reservoirs and increasing withdrawal of the river water for agriculture, industry and urban water supply, the flow of the Lower Yellow River is greatly reduced causing more serious siltation in the river channel and river mouth, threaterning the stabilization of the present outlet to the sea and economic growth of the delta. It is suggested that a more rational use of the river water resources should be formulated to mitigate this situation. 相似文献
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Nitrate pollution of groundwater in the Yellow River delta,China 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Jianyao Chen Makoto Taniguchi Guanqun Liu Kunihide Miyaoka Shin-ichi Onodera Tomochika Tokunaga Yoshihiro Fukushima 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(8):1605-1614
Nitrate pollution of groundwater in the Yellow River delta, China is an important issue related not only to nitrate dispersion and health concerns but also to mass transport and interactions of groundwater, sea, and river waters in the coastal area. The spatial distribution of nitrate, nitrate sources, and nitrogen transformation processes were investigated by field surveys and geochemical methods. Nitrate occurred mainly in shallow layers and had a spatial distribution coinciding with geomorphology and land/water use. Irrigation water from the Yellow River and anthropogenic waste are two main nitrogen sources of nitrate in the delta, and both denitrification and mixing processes could take place according to characteristics identified by ionic and isotopic data. 相似文献
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黄河下游河南段地下调蓄水库设想 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
朱中道 《水文地质工程地质》2004,31(5):57-59
本文中黄河下游影响带指黄河水侧渗影响地下水范围,黄河南岸为12~20km,黄河北岸为13~26km,循环深度小于300m,其中河南段面积约9500km^2。本文对黄河下游影响带地下水资源潜力进行了分区评价,规划了13个远景水源地,并提出开发12个地下调蓄水库的设想。 相似文献
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Research on land use cover change (LUCC) has reached a mature stage and has formed a relatively complete scientific system. However, most studies analyzed the LUCC process from the view of land use types ignoring the integrality and systematicness of the land use system, which brought certain constraints to understanding the complexity and systematicness of land use process scientifically. Using the Modern Yellow River Delta (MYRD) of China as the study area, this research introduced the complex network analysis method to the study of the LUCC process by using 9 periods of land use data between 1976 and 2014 to build 8 stages of complex networks. The values of node degree, betweenness, changing proportions, and average shortest path in the networks were calculated to identify the key land use types, changing models of land use types, and the stability of land use system. Additionally, main parts of complex networks of the period from 1976 to 1995 and the period from 1995 to 2014 were selected to evaluate the changing characteristics of the LUCC process. The results indicated the area and proportion of natural wetland kept reducing, but the area and proportion of artificial wetland or non-wetland continued rising. The bare land, reed, bush, and cultivated land were the key land use types of the LUCC process. In the past 38 years, beach, bare land, reed and bush had been the output types, and the building land and salt pan had been the input types. The LUCC process has been a transfer process of natural wetland to artificial wetland and non-wetland in the past 38 years, which could be divided into land accretion process (1976 to 1995) and construction process (1995 to 2014). The land ecosystem was unstable for the period from 1990 to 2006. 相似文献
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Vance T. Holliday 《Geoarchaeology》1987,2(4):317-329
Investigations were conducted along the middle South Platte River to better define the geomorphic contexts of Paleoindian sites and to reconstruct the alluvial and eolian geochronology. Paleoindian sites are associated with the Kersey terrace (the downstream equivalent of the Broadway terrace). The Kersey alluvium was deposited during Clovis occupation and the surface stabilized by 10,000 B.P. Post-Clovis sites post-date aggradation and stream downcutting may have started as early as 10,500 B.P. Subsequent floodplain development and downcutting formed the Kuner terrace (the possible downstream equivalent of the Piney Creek terrace) no later than 3000 B.P. and the Hardin terrace probably within the last 1000 years. Soils on the Kersey terrace are Ustochrepts (gravelly alluvium) or Haplustalfs (sandy and clayey alluvium). Soils on the Kuner terrace are cumulic Ustorthents and Ustochrepts. Soils on the Hardin terrace are Ustorthents with no obvious horizonation. Eolian sands began accumulating in the region by 10,000 B.P., but most are probably late Holocene deposits and are indicative of drier post-Pleistocene climate. Correlations with deposits in low order tributaries and other drainages can be difficult to make a) using soils because soil development varies as a function of parent material texture and b) because aggradation and degradation may be out-of-phase. 相似文献
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运用多学科、多手段相结合的方法,从区域构造稳定性、构造岩研究、构造裂隙统计分析、红外相位法位移监测,高密度电阻率法、钻探验证、年代学研究、新构造运动分析、遥感图像解译、地震安全性评价、数值模拟、工程地质条件分析等方面入手,对信阳市燃气混气站的断裂活动性和场地稳定性进行了全面而系统的论证;指出场区断裂规模小,第四纪无大规模差异升降运动,无活动断裂通过,邻区地震活动小且弱,区域构造稳定性高,应力平缓,工程地质条件良好,是一个稳定的“岛区”,井指出系统而全面的综合研究方法是研究工程稳定性项目行之有效的手段。 相似文献
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Natural Hazards - In China, the Yellow River Delta is a unique region with vulnerable ecosystems, and it is under the largest pressure from various risk sources. In recent years, this region has... 相似文献