西南地区上空水汽平衡状况及其源地

６年水汽输送计算结果表明，西南地区上空终年“蓄有”气态水，年总是＋９５９０．３０亿ｍ＾３，相当水深４１５ｍｍ。此系该区水汽年总输入量＋７５６７１．３９亿ｍ６３与年总输出量－６６０８１．０亿ｍ＾３，平衡结果－前才大于后者。更深层地分析结果表明，西南地区系过西，南方国界线输入补给水汽以资对其吡邻地区进行水汽补给的我国唯一水汽内耗地区。     

中国大陆上空水汽资源

根据１９８１～１９８６年计算结果，指出我国大陆上空拥有水汽资源年总量＋３３１８４．４亿ｍ＾３暖季（４～１０月）＋３０４９４．１２亿ｍ＾３寒季（１１～次年３月）＋２６９０．２８亿ｍ＾３，全年唯有气温最低的隆冬（１２～次年２月），是水汽资源亏耗（－７７３．６３亿ｍ＾３）季节，而夏季（６～８月）则是我国大陆上空水汽资源最关键的汇聚时期，资源量＋１８１９７．５６亿ｍ＾３，１６号，１４份边界分别为１１～５月     

华中华东地区上空水汽平衡状况

华中华东地区,为我国纬度较低,涨岸线最长的地区。该区雨水资源,地表水资源量均居全国之首。其维系因子－空中水汽,业经本文计算,其年总蓄留量＋１９７７４．５４亿ｍ＾３,相当水深１３９７ｍｍ,为水资源总量的１．７６倍,全国第一。     

二安替比林基—（3—溴）苯基甲烷与铈（Ⅳ）显色反应的研究

合成了二安替比林基－（３－溴）苯基甲烷。在Ｍｎ和吐温－８０存在下，Ｃｅ与ＤＡｍＢＭ反应生成有色化合物，λｍａｘ为３８０ε为３．０×１０＾５Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１，ｃｍ＾－１。Ｃｅ量在（０－１０）μｇ／２５ｍｌ间符合比尔定律。     

韩城矿区煤层气赋存特征及开发前景

韩城矿区煤炭资源丰富，１５００ｍ以浅，１１００ｋｍ＾２范围内，有煤炭资源１００亿，钻孔瓦斯含量较高。根据有资料最高的２６．１４ｍｌ／ｇ（可燃物）。１９９４年提交了《韩城矿区煤层气赋存状况及远景评价》科研报告，获得煤层气资源量为２０８０亿ｍ＾３，资源丰度约２亿ｍ＾３／ｋｍ＾２。此报告上交后，得到叫局的重视，１９９５年煤田地质总局决定在韩城矿区进行了面抽放煤层气试验工作，同年１０月，第一口井开钻，现已     

2,4—二溴—6—羧基苯重氮氨基偶氮苯光度法测定痕量铊的研究

研究了新试剂２，４－二溴－６－羧基苯重氮氨曲偶氮苯与Ｔｌ（Ⅲ）的高灵敏显色反应。在非离子表面活性剂ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００存在下，于ｐＨ１０．５的ＮＨ３．Ｈ２Ｏ－ＮＨ４Ｃｌ缓冲介质中，Ｔｌ（Ⅲ）与该试剂生成红色配合物，其配合物的最大吸收波长位于５２０ｎｍ处，摩尔吸光系数为１．８３×１０＾５Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－＾１．ｃｍ＾－＾１。Ｔｌ（Ⅲ）量在０－０．６４μｇ／ｍｌ范围内符合比尔定律。方法用于废水中痕量Ｔｌ     

钼—3,4—二甲氧基苯基荧光酮—吐温—80的显色反应及其应用

在０．１８－０．３２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ介质中，Ｍｏ（Ⅵ）与３，４－二甲氧基苯基荧光酮和Ｔｗｅｅｎ－８０形成三元胶束配合物，最大吸收峰在５２６ｎｍ处，摩尔吸光系数为１．１６×１０＾５Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１，Ｍｏ（Ⅵ）含量在０－０．５３μｇ／ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律。所建立的方法用于矿样中Ｍｏ的测定，结果较为满意。     

铱——碘化钾——丁基罗丹明B的显色反应及分光光度法测定铱

在ＰＨ３．４时，铱能与碘化钾、丁基罗丹明Ｂ型成紫色络合物，其组成比Ｉｒ４＋：Ｉ＾－：ＢＲｈＢ＾＋＝１：６：２，最大吸收波长为６１０ｎｍ，ε＝１．３６×１０＾５Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１，铱在（０－８）μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围时服从比尔定律，采用阳离子交换树脂分离大量基体离子，可对冶金物料中微量铱进行测定。     

东南极Lambert冰川流域路线考察

Ｌａｍｂｅｒｔ冰川是Ａｍｅｒｙ冰架的补给源，为东南极冰盖最大的一支冰流。近几年对该冰流源区的路线考察表明，该地区累速度相当低，大部分观测点你于１５０ｋｇ／（ｍ＾２．ａ）。考察区域表面年平均温度为－４５－－３０℃。表面２ｍ雪层的平均密度在４００ｋｇ／ｍ＾３左右变化，在１８３０－２７００ｍ海拔范围内的许多地点曾观测到深霜发育，表面运动速度基本上在２０ｍ／ａ以内。在低积累区，强烈的下降风和表面雪丘的发育     

新试剂——QAI与钴（Ⅱ）显色反应的研究和应用

本合成了新显色剂２－（８－喹啉偶氮）－咪唑（ＱＡＩ）测定了试剂的离解常数。研究了ＱＡＩ与ＣＯ（Ⅱ）的显色反应，在ｐＨ３．０～７．０的缓冲介质中，ＱＡＩ与ＣＯ（Ⅱ）形成１：３的红色配合物，λｍａｘ＝５３０ｎｍ表面摩尔吸光系数ε＝３．６７×１０＾４Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１，钴量在０～２５μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律，该法的优点是选择性高和操作简便，做了较大量的Ｃｕ（Ⅱ），Ｎｉ（Ⅱ），Ｆｅ（Ⅱ     

长江流域旱涝典型年大气水汽输送

利用我国125个探空站一日两次自地面至100hpa共11个层次上的观测资料,对长江流域典型夏涝年(1980年)和夏旱年(1985年)我国大气中水汽总输送场、涡动输送场及散度场进行了计算分析。结果表明:当水汽总输送场从西北、西南和东南三支气流携带的水汽交汇于长江流域,且整个水汽输送场稳定持久,则在水汽辐合带附近导致大量降水,形成洪涝;反之,当三支气流微弱不稳定,不能形成水汽辐合带条件,则形成干旱。涡动输送亦反映出类似的特征。稳定且强盛的西南气流水汽输送是形成降水的主要条件和原因。     

Observations of mid-troposhheric circulation from water vapour radiances of polar orbiting satellites

Water vapour tracers can provide useful information on winds at ≈ 500mb by observing the 6·7μ radiances. This fills the data gap in the cloud motion winds provided by conventional meteorological geostationary satellites. There is no geostationary satellite at present over the Indian Ocean with 6·7μ imaging capability to provide mid-tropospheric winds. The potentials of 6·7μ radiances, available from polar orbiting satellites, for mid-tropospheric circulation features have been examined in this study. Tiros-N satellite data of May 1979 and ECMWF level-IIIb wind data were analysed to relate the radiances with the streamlines. We find that the radiances of 6·7μ from orbiting satellites agree well with the wind field.     

Utility of DMSP-SSM/I for integrated water vapour over the Indian seas

Recent algorithms for Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (DMSP-SSM/I) satellite data are used for estimating integrated water vapour over the Indian seas. Integrated water vapour obtained from these algorithms is compared with that derived from radiosonde observations at Minicoy and Port Blair islands. Algorithm-3 of Schlussel and Emery (1990) performed best. On the basis of this algorithm, distribution of integrated water vapour is determined during the monsoon depression (22nd–27th July, 1992) that formed over the Bay of Bengal.     

Water vapour periodicities over Indian Ocean during contrasting monsoons from NOAA satellite data

The satellite-derived moisture fields during different phases of two normal and poor monsoon years have been studied. Spectral analysis was performed in different zones of the monsoon region to study the nature and modes of intraseasonal fluctuations of lower layer moisture fields. Seasonal mean fields of water vapour at low and middle layers show a dry anomaly over the Arabian subcontinent and a wet anomaly over the Bay of Bengal during good monsoon years, while the anomalies show an opposite trend during the poor monsoon years. The zonal and meridional propagation of low-frequency oscillations of moisture fields has also been examined. The southward movement of low-frequency oscillations seems to be suppressed in good monsoon years as compared to the poor monsoon years, whereas the northward movement of the same shows no particular difference. Fluctuations in the 30–50 day range are found shifted to longer time-period side in the poor monsoon years.     

山西上空水汽输送和水分循环研究

利用山西省周边共8个探空站的实测资料,计算了山西省上空1959年～1992年的水汽含量和1990年的水汽收支与水汽输送通量,包括总输送、切变输送、时间涡动输送、平均输送等分量。在此基础上建立了山西省水分循环和水量平衡模型。结果表明,山西上空水汽含量年内干湿变化大于全国平均情况,多年变化存在一定的丰枯阶段性;年水汽净输入量约690亿m3,主要从西边界和南边界输入,从东边界输出,涡动输送量是主要输入机制,平均输送是主要输出机制,受强西风环流控制;山西的自然地理条件使其对大气水资源的利用率为30%,低于全国平均利用率;山西水分内循环较全国平均情况强盛,由于水分内循环的作用,可使当地蒸发形成的降水量占全年总降水量的15%;地下水开采已对大气水分循环要素产生影响,进而可能对山西省自然环境的变化产生负效应。这些事实增进了对山西省水资源的水文和水文气候学背景的认识。     

Diurnal soil water dynamics in the shallow vadose zone (field site of China University of Geosciences,China)

Because of the relatively low soil moisture in arid or semi-arid regions, water vapour movement often predominates in the vadose zone and affects the partitioning of energy among various land surface fluxes. In an outdoor sand bunker experiment, the soil water content at 10 and 30 cm depth were measured at hourly intervals for 2.5 days during October 2004. It was found that the soil moisture reached the daily maximum value (5.9–6.1% at 10 cm and 11.9–13.1% at 30 cm) and minimum value (4.4–4.5% at 10 cm and 10.4–10.8% at 30 cm) at midday (0–1 p.m. for 10 cm and 2–3 p.m. for 30 cm) and before dawn (2–3 a.m. for 10 cm and 4–5 a.m. for 30 cm), respectively. The modified HYDRUS-1D code, which refers to the coupled water, water vapour and heat transport in soil, was used to simulate the moisture and water vapour flow in the soil. The numerical analyses provided insight into the diurnal movement of liquid water and water vapour driven by the gradients of pressure heads and temperatures in the subsurface zone. The simulated temperature and water content were in good agreement with the measured values. The spatial–temporal distribution of liquid water flux, water vapour flux and soil temperature showed a detailed diurnal pattern of soil water dynamics in relatively coarse sand. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Determination of Trace Bismuth in Environmental Waters by ICP‐MS with Cobalt Ion‐Assisted Photochemical Vapour Generation

With increasing use of bismuth in industry, a better understanding of its environmental behaviour is required, including an improved knowledge of its background concentration range in (non‐saline) freshwaters. However, the poor analytical sensitivity of previous methods may lead to inaccurate measurement results for Bi³⁺ in environmental samples. In this work, cobalt ion‐assisted photochemical vapour generation (PVG) was developed for the detection of trace Bi with inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) measurement. The volatile species of Bi was found to be (CH₃)₃Bi generated under UV irradiation in the presence of formic acid, acetic acid and Co²⁺. The major parameters potentially influencing the detection of Bi were investigated. Under optimised conditions, the limit of detection (3s, n = 11) of the proposed method was 0.3 ng l^?1. The analytical sensitivity was enhanced about 70‐fold for Bi³⁺ compared with that using classic pneumatic nebulisation of ICP‐MS. Furthermore, the proposed method showed better analytical sensitivity and anti‐interference ability towards co‐existing ions compared with ferric ion‐assisted PVG systems. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by analysis of environmental water samples and certified reference materials with satisfactory results.     

壤中汞气测量在广东凡口厚层疏松物覆盖地区的应用

在地表疏松物厚20—40m的地区,壤中汞气测量显示了埋深200余m的盲矿体,它对疏松层下断裂带的分布也有清晰地指示。汞在地表疏松层中含量为0.06—0.2PPm,主要以气态、土壤胶体及粘土矿物吸附态形式存在。汞在铅锌矿石中含量为14—320ppm,以类质同象形式分散分布于单矿物中。壤中汞气异常是矿床在氧化过程中,痕量汞从矿石中解脱出来,以气态沿各种裂隙进入地表疏松层。