Loran-C技术应用扩展

主要介绍国外在Ｌｏｒａｎ－Ｃ综合利用方面发展情况,详细叙述在Ｌｏｒａｎ－Ｃ系统中增加差分ＧＰＳ发播功能、技术比较成熟且得到国际普遍认可的“ＥＵＲＯＦＩＸ”方法和技术。它的信号调制、编码技术和方法以及非常理想的实验结果,也许对我国“长河二号”、“ＢＰＬ”综合利用有所借鉴。     

基于伪随机码的低压电力线信道时延测量技术研究

提出了一种基于伪随机码的低压电力线信道时延测量方法,是低压电力线授时的关键技术,利用现有的低压电力线网络,无需搭建额外的通信线路,不受外界物体遮蔽或天气影响。根据双向时间同步原理:服务器首先与标准时间同步,使用BPSK调制方式将1号C/A码经低压电力线传输至客户端,客户端对1号C/A码信号解调捕获后回传服务器2号C/A码,服务器根据信号发射时刻和接收时刻时间差计算出信道传输时延。实验表明:该方法可以用于低压电力线信道的时延测量,在80 m电力线距离内,时间同步误差优于100μs。     

导航卫星精密定轨与时间同步技术进展

全球卫星导航系统(Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS)通过播发卫星钟差和精密轨道信息实现时间和空间基准信息向导航用户的传递.随着高精度原子钟等导航卫星载荷、星间链路等天基/地基监测手段以及数据处理方法等技术的不断更新,卫星轨道和钟差产品的精度和实时性也逐步提升. 2018年12月,北斗三号卫星导航系统正式开通,为"一带一路"国家提供实时高精度、高可靠的基本导航定位服务.综述了北斗导航系统从北斗二号区域系统到北斗三号全球系统精密定轨与时间同步处理面临的困难和挑战,针对上述问题,阐述了北斗运行控制系统的解决途径和实现指标.与GPS等其他GNSS系统进行比较,分析了不同导航系统技术特点.最后展望了精密定轨与时间同步技术未来的发展路线图,为更高精度的GNSS导航定位授时服务提供参考.     

关于射电望远镜台址航空信号处理方法的研究

来自飞行器的航空信号会严重干扰邻近频段的射电天文观测,有效地分析确定射电天文台址附近航空信号分布范围,能够为射电天文观测干扰源的查找及抗航空信号干扰策略提供重要支撑.介绍了航空信号的获取方法.根据航空信号位置信息估算了飞机到测站距离随时间的分布情况,评估了航空信号到测站的功率损耗.提出了一种基于最小二乘多项式拟合和聚类算法划定高峰时段航迹分布范围的方法.首先通过最小二乘多项式拟合,获得航迹样本点在时间上的分布趋势和高峰时段;其次,对高峰时段的航迹样本点进行聚类分析,得到各高峰时段样本点空间分布范围;最后,采用相同方法对验证数据样本点进行聚类分析,计算航迹分布在已划定区域范围内的概率,验证了方法的有效性.     

B码设备中的GPS时间信号接口

ＰＯ９７型ＧＰＳ／Ｂ码解调器把ＧＰＳ技术融入Ｂ码设备中,用于自动定时定位和精密时间同步。该设备的ＧＰＳ时码接口解出ＧＰＳ时间信号,并同步所有的时标信号和时间码信号。主要介绍了该接口的硬件和软件的实现过程。     

星地无线电双向时间比对模型及试验分析

星地时间同步是卫星导航系统的一个关键技术,是实现卫星导航定位的基础.针对星地时间同步问题,讨论了一种星地无线电双向时间比对方法,详细推导了该方法中星地上下行伪距的归算模型,给出了星地钟差的实用计算模型.该方法通过上下行伪距求差.消除了对流层延迟,卫星星历误差和地面站站址坐标误差等共有误差影响,与信号频率有关的电离层延迟也被很大程度地削弱,从而大大提高了时间比对精度.最后,利用实测数据进行了试验分析,结果表明:星地无线电双向时间比对精度能够达到约0.34ns,验证了理论方法和模型的正确性.     

利用广播电台发播时间编码信息

一个标准时间信息码由广播电台传送,是有许多优点:复盖面积比较大,不要建立专门的标准时间发播台,使用低价接收机和简单解码器,可以获得较高时间同步和校频精度。文中介绍了目前广播电台报时信号形式。编码时间信号采用“PSK”调制形式,主要目的满足不同用户的需要。解码器采用匹配滤波器,以便获得最佳接收。     

用PCI中断实现射电望远镜跟踪的方法

讨论运用PCI 9054(美国PLX公司生产的接口芯片)作为接口芯片的PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect)板卡的软硬件设计,以实现天线跟踪的两个时间同步中断。利用标准秒信号中断作为系统时钟同步信号,并同步产生时间间隔为20ms(或40、50ms,可选)的中断信号,来处理天线跟踪指令输出。中断信号通过PCI中断口INTA#接入计算机,在驱动中识别不同的中断信号,并在应用程序响应中断处理后,命令ACU(Antenna Control Unit)机,实现射电天文望远镜的同步跟踪。其控制过程分3部分阐述:硬件设计、驱动程序设计、安装及应用;着重讨论了前两者的设计方法及思路。     

北斗三号试验卫星的钟差评估及预报

目前,在轨的5颗新一代北斗卫星(北斗三号)可同时向用户播发北斗二号信号与新的卫星信号,而且北斗三号搭载了高精度的铷钟或被动氢钟.因北斗三号的星钟作为卫星导航、定位和授时服务的主要载荷组成部分,为分析北斗三号卫星钟的时频性能,采用北斗数据处理与分析中心估计的卫星钟差产品评估北斗三号卫星钟的频率稳定度、漂移率和准确度.同时,考虑到北斗三号卫星钟精度较差且存在频繁的相位跳变以及数据中断等问题,筛选出了一种最优的钟差预报模型,即对频率数据进行建模并采用抗差估计的方法进行参数估计.实验结果显示北斗三号钟差预报精度相对传统预报模型提升1.6%–61.9%.     

中国首次GPS共视法时间传递与同步试验

利用GPS系统传递时间信息,受到各国时频工作者的关注,中国北京无线电计量测试研究昕(BIRM)和中国科学院武汉测量与地球物理研究所(WTO)等单位于1987年7月12至18目在北京、西安、临潼三地同时进行中国首次GPS共视法时间传递与同步试验,得到接收点均方根时间起伏值优于3.5ns,单站接收一个GPS卫星时间传递与同步误差可达5～16ns,两站共视接收GPS信号的时间传递与同步误差可以减小5ns左右,利用搬运钟验证,站间时间同步准确度可优于50ns。     

The Model of Radio Two-way Time Comparison between Satellite and Station and Experimental Analysis

Time synchronization between satellite and station is the key technique of satellite navigation system and the foundation of realization of satellite navigation and positioning. Aiming at solving the problems of time synchronization, we have discussed a new method of radio two-way time comparison between satellite and station, deduced in detail the reduction model of up- and down-link pseudo ranges between satellite and station, and provided a practical calculation model of clock error between satellite and station. By calculating the differences between up- and down-link pseudo ranges, this method has eliminated the influences of common errors, such as the tropospheric delay, satellite ephemeris errors, ground station coordinates errors and so on. The ionospheric delay relevant to signal frequency is also weakened largely, thus this improves the accuracy of time comparison greatly. Finally, experimental analysis is conducted by using observational data, and the results show that the accuracy of radio two-way time comparison between satellite and station can attain about 0.34 ns, which validates the correctness of theoretical method and model.     

Status of Satellite Orbit Determination and Time Synchronization Technology for Global Navigation Satellite System

In the form of satellite ephemerides and clock parameters, the information of space datum and system time of one global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is transferred to users. With continuously updating of satellite payload such as high precision atomic clocks, monitoring and tracking techniques such as inter-satellite links, and data processing techniques, the accuracy and real-time performance of satellite ephemerides and clock products are steadily improved. Starting from December 27th, 2018, BeiDou Navigation System 3, or BDS-3 has been providing accurate and reliable basic positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services to users in the countries within the “one belt and one road”. This paper summarizes the challenges of precise orbit determination and time synchronization faced and specific solutions sought from the regional BDS-2 system to BDS-3 global system at the control segment. It is interesting to compare BDS with other GNSS systems in terms of technical characteristics. Finally, aiming at higher accuracy and more reliable PNT services, a road map of precise orbit determination and time synchronization technique for next generation navigation systems is discussed, which will lead to better and better global navigation satellite systems.     

Status of Satellite Orbit Determination and Time Synchronization Technology for Global Navigation Satellite Systems

In the form of satellite ephemerides and clock parameters, the space datum and system time information of one global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is transferred to users. With the continuous updating in the satellite payload such as the high-precision atomic clock, the monitoring and tracking technique such as the inter-satellite link, and in the data processing technique, the accuracy and real-time performance of the satellite ephemeris and clock error products are steadily improved. Starting from December 27th, 2018, the BeiDou Navigation System 3, or BDS-3, has provided the accurate and reliable basic positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) service for the users in the countries within the “one belt and one road”. This paper has summarized the faced challenges of the precise orbit determination and time synchronization from the regional BDS-2 system to the BDS-3 global system, and the specific solutions at the control segment. In addition, this paper has compared the BDS with other GNSS systems in terms of technical characteristics. Finally, aiming at a higher accuracy and more reliable PNT service, the road map of precise orbit determination and time synchronization technique for the next generation navigation systems is discussed, which will provide a reference for developing the global navigation satellite systems with an even higher accuracy.     

卫星星座时间同步中星间链路的设计和性能分析

在卫星星座内的时间同步中,为满足时间同步信号的传输要求,需要对星间链路进行分析和设计。对星间链路各参数之间的关系进行了分析,并对低地球轨道(LEO)卫星和中地球轨道(MEO)卫星的星间链路参数和性能分别进行了计算和分析。另外,还对受天线指向误差影响的LEO卫星和MEO卫星的星间链路性能进行了分析。在分析计算的基础上完成了符合要求的星间链路的参数设计。     

Time Transfer Algorithm Using Multi-GNSS PPP with Ambiguity Resolution

With the development of real-time service (RTS) project, timing users can apply the real-time precise point positioning (PPP) technique for time transfer. As a participant in the RTS project, the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) implements the PPPWIZARD (Precise point positioning with Integer and Zero-difference Ambiguity Resolution Demonstrator) project to validate the PPP with ambiguity resolution. In order to analyze the contribution of multiple global navigation satellite system (multi-GNSS) and real-time ambiguity resolution to time transfer, our experiment used the observation from multi-GNSS, including GPS (Global Positioning System), GLONASS (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System), BDS (BeiDou navigation System), and Galileo for data processing. Meanwhile, the real-time products from CNES were utilized to examine the performance of four different PPP processing modes. The experimental results indicated that, of all the processing modes, the time transfer using multi-GNSS PPP with GPS ambiguity resolution had the smallest standard deviations (STDs). The STD value was decreased by 38.1$\%$, compared with the traditional time transfer results using GPS PPP.     

用脉冲星钟作航天器时间标准

在介绍参考坐标系和时间标准的基础上,讨论了用脉冲星为航天器导航的时间标准问题。利用X射线脉冲星实现航天器自主导航,星载钟的任何误差都会直接影响航天器位置测量。脉冲星钟具有较高的长期频率稳定度,适合用作各类航天器的时间标准。重点讨论了时间标准误差对航天器定位的影响;给出了用脉冲星钟作航天器时间标准的物理实现方法。     

基于GPS射频信号模拟的定时方法

针对采用GPS定时的设备提出了基于GPS射频信号模拟的定时方法,在不更改原有设备的情况下,可利用外部时间基准进行同步。首先建立卫星的轨道模型,模拟出卫星的导航电文;然后根据设备的位置模拟产生观测数据;再将导航电文调制到卫星的伪随机码上,根据观测数据计算出伪距,对调制的信号进行延迟;最后,通过正交射频调制得到GPS模拟信号。已建立的实验模型能实现以上模拟过程。测试表明,该方法可达到10ns级的定时精度。     

激光时间传递技术的进展

激光时间传递技术是通过激光脉冲在空间的传播来实现地面与卫星时钟或地球上远距离两地时钟的同步，它具有很高的准确度和稳定度。一些国家已经成功进行了激光时间传递的试验，结果证明利用激光进行时钟之间的同步是有效可行的。介绍国内外已有的激光时间传递试验的情况和结果，重点介绍美国地面与机载原子钟之间的激光时间比对，以及法国的LASSO(LAser Synchronization from Stationary Orbit)和T2L2(Time Transfer by Laser Link)计划。