The Liaonan metamorphic core complex, Southeastern Liaoning Province, North China: A likely contributor to Cretaceous rotation of Eastern Liaoning, Korea and contiguous areas

The Mesozoic Liaonan metamorphic core complex (mcc) of the southeastern Liaoning province, North China, is an asymmetric Cordilleran-style complex with a west-rooting master detachment fault, the Jinzhou fault. A thick sequence of lower plate, fault-related mylonitic and gneissic rocks derived from Archean and Early Cretaceous crystalline protoliths has been transported ESE-ward from mid-crustal depths. U–Pb ages of lower plate syntectonic plutons (ca. 130–120 Ma), ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar cooling ages in the mylonitic and gneissic sequence (ca. 120–110 Ma), and a Cretaceous supradetachment basin attest to the Early Cretaceous age of this extensional complex. The recent discovery of the coeval and similarly west-rooting Waziyu mcc in western Liaoning [Darby, B.J., Davis, G.A., Zhang, X., Wu, F., Wilde, S., Yang, J., 2004. The newly discovered Waziyu metamorphic core complex, Yiwulushan, western Liaoning Province, North China. Earth Science Frontiers 11, 145–155] indicates that the Gulf of Liaoning, which lies between the two complexes, was the center of a region of major crustal extension.Clockwise crustal rotation of a large region including eastern Liaoning province and the Korean Peninsula with respect to a non-rotated North China block has been conclusively documented by paleomagnetic studies over the past decade. The timing of this rotation and the reasons for it are controversial. Lin et al. [Lin, W., Chen, Y., Faure, M., Wang, Q., 2003. Tectonic implication of new Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic constraints from Eastern Liaoning Peninsula, NE China. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (B-6) (EPM 5-1 to 5-17)] proposed that a clockwise rotation of 22.5° ± 10.2° was largely post-Early Cretaceous in age, and was the consequence of extension within a crustal domain that tapers southwards towards the Bohai Sea (of which the Gulf of Liaoning is the northernmost part). Paleomagnetic studies of Early Cretaceous strata (ca 134–120 Ma) in the Yixian–Fuxin supradetachment basin of the Waziyu mcc indicate the non-rotation of North China and the basin [Zhu, R.X., Shao, J.A., Pan, Y.X., Shi, R.P., Shi, G.H., Li, D.M., 2002. Paleomagnetic data from Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks of West Liaoning: evidence for intracontinental rotation. Chinese Science Bulletin 47, 1832–1837]. Such upper-plate non-rotation supports our conclusion that the lower plates of the Waziyu and Liaonan metamorphic core complexes were displaced ESE-ward in an absolute sense away from the stable North China block, thus contributing to the rotation of Korea and contiguous areas. Rotation is inferred to have affected only the upper crust above mid-crustal levels into which we believe the Jinzhou and Waziyu detachment fault zones flattened. If this is the case, the regional Tan Lu fault that lies between the two core complexes was truncated at mid-crustal depth, since in areas to the south it forms the boundary between the North and South China lithospheric blocks. It is noteworthy that the two extensional complexes lie not far north of the Bohai Bay, the area proposed by Lin et al. [Lin, W., Chen, Y., Faure, M., Wang, Q., 2003. Tectonic implication of new Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic constraints from Eastern Liaoning Peninsula, NE China. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (B-6) (EPM 5-1 to 5-17)] as the site of the pole of rotation for Korea's clockwise displacement.Lin et al. [Lin, W., Chen, Y., Faure, M., Wang, Q., 2003. Tectonic implication of new Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic constraints from Eastern Liaoning Peninsula, NE China. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (B-6) (EPM 5-1 to 5-17)] were unaware of the Liaonan and Waziyu mcc's and argued that most of the regional block rotation was post-Early Cretaceous and, in part, early Cenozoic. However, the ca. 130–120 Ma ages of the two Liaoning mcc's and a Songliao basin mcc (Xujiaweizi), the latter discovered only by recent drilling through its younger stratigraphic cover, support our and some Korean coworkers' conclusions that most of the clockwise rotation was Early Cretaceous.     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

20150643Chen Gang(Nanjing Center,China Geological Survey,Nanjing 210016,China);Yao Zhongyou The Compilation of Serial Geological Maps of Oceania Region(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,33(2),2014,p.159-163,3illus.,9refs.)Key words:geologic maps,map compilation,Oceania The collection and choice of interrelated data,establishment of database and compilation and proofreading of maps constitute a large-scale integration of geological and min-     

Does carbon emissions trading affect the financial performance of high energy-consuming firms in China?

Natural Hazards - Whether China’s carbon emissions trading (CET) has an impact on the financial performance of the market players of carbon trading, i.e., firms, is crucial to the sustainable...     

双层车站密贴下穿既有隧道案例分析及隧道沉降变形特征

长春地铁1号线卫星广场站下穿轻轨3号线工程中,下穿段负一层顶板与轻轨隧道底板密贴接触,形成"叠合板结构"。施工中,先注浆加固下穿段土体,然后采用六导洞PBA法配合千斤顶顶升支撑修建下穿段,具体方法为:于1^#+4^#导洞冠梁上布置液压千斤顶,对上层板形成两端临时支撑;再于3^#+5^#、2^#+4^#导洞内各施作一组钢管混凝土立柱及纵梁,对下层板形成永久支撑,纵梁兼做负一层顶板。然后逐步移除千斤顶、拆除导洞初支、浇筑负一层顶板,实现上下层板密贴;最后修建剩余下穿段结构。为评估施工对轻轨隧道的影响,建立数值模型验算轻轨隧道底板弯矩,结果为安全;数值结果表明,底板沉降经历了先下沉、后抬升、再下沉的复杂过程,最终沉降曲线为单凹槽状。实测数据表明:沉降曲线可划分为振荡型、掉落型两种;曲线类型与测点位置有很大关系,震荡型曲线测点位于下穿段两端,掉落型曲线测点位于下穿段中部,分别受千斤顶、5^#及6^#导洞开挖控制;底板中线最终沉降为单凹槽状,最大沉降量与数值结果相符;变形缝差异沉降在千斤顶作用下一直处于可控状态。     

地震作用下水平层状岩质边坡累积损伤与破坏模式研究

研究边坡在反复地震作用下的累积损伤对于库区岩质边坡的长期稳定性分析具有重要意义。结合振动台试验与理论分析方法,对水平层状岩质边坡在反复地震作用下的累积损伤与破坏模式进行了深入研究。结果表明:采用混凝土疲劳裂纹扩展的双K准则可以很好地解释边坡的累积损伤曲线的变化趋势,完整的累积损伤演化曲线表现出初始损伤、细观裂纹扩展、宏观裂缝扩展3个阶段;分别采用三次多项式和幂指数建立了微小地震和强震作用下边坡岩体累积损伤演化模型并取得了良好的拟合效果,微小地震作用下边坡岩体累积损伤曲线表现出初期略微下降、中期线性增长、后期平缓增长的正"S"型的3段式特征,强震作用下边坡岩体累积损伤相比微震作用下有较为快速的增长,且在边坡破坏前增速加快。频发微震作用下,水平层状岩质边坡在坡体上部形成阶梯型破坏面并向坡面出露,在坡体下部形成平直的剪切破坏面,坡体最终的破坏面呈阶梯状。     

桩锚支护中锚杆张拉顺序对预应力影响的试验研究

以北京某深基坑支护工程为背景,结合现场桩锚支护体系预应力锚杆的实测数据,综合分析不同张拉顺序下锚杆预应力损失率变化规律。认为相同条件下依次张拉锁定的顺序,锚杆预应力值损失率最小。     

我国一些含金刚石的古沉积层特征

一、我国含金刚石古沉积层位 (一)第三系 1.山东某盆地北侧,下第三系官庄组砂砾岩和大汶口组石灰质砾岩、角砾岩中,含铬镁榴石,经对比与北侧产金刚石金伯利岩中的矿物特征一致。山东另一盆地以南地段,普遍发现含有金刚石的砾岩或砂砾岩块,充填于不同标高(80—540米)的寒武系、奥陶系石灰岩的裂隙、溶洞、溶沟中。含金刚石砾岩有90％以上见于中、上寒武统的岩溶负地形中,金     

我国一些含金刚石的古沉积层特征

Diamond-bearing old sediments have so far been found at 24 localities distributed in 8 provinces or autonomous regions in China. They occur in 14 strata pertaining respectively to Tertiary, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Devonian, Cambrian, Precambrian, etc. Genetically, they might be grouped into four types: alluvial (fluvial), littoral, drift and karst sediments. The diamonds seem to have been derived from different sources: l) Diamonds in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Sediments might have come directly from kimberlite nearby; 2) Diamonds formed during Precambrian period are widely distributed in sediments of various ages, i.e., from old strata to present rive bed deposits. As regards material resources, this type of diamonds can be traced to old primary deposits or might be attributed to repeated accumulation of this mineral from old to new strata. Isotope dating of kimberlite from various parts of the world indicate that a single intrusive or region is likely to have several groups of ages, suggesting the repetition and. long duration of magmatic activities of kimberlite. ln China, isotopic age values might likewise fall into nine groups: 70-135 m.y., 230-56 370 m.y., 400-530 m.y., 700 or 800-l000 m.y., 1010-1400 m.y., 1500 m.y., 1800- 2000 m.y. and >2000 m.y., denoting the existence of primary kimberlite deposits of various ages which provided material for diamond-bearing sediments in diverse strata. The emplacement of kimberlite in China, which took place mostly between Ordovician and Sinian, is called "apparent emplacement"; the emplacement reconstructed through an integrated study of the magmatic activity of kimberlite and the strata it intruded is called "actual emplacement"; and a unity linking these two emplacements by means of isotopic ages is termed "holoemplacement". These three emplacements are corrsepondent in time to "time of apparent emplacement:", "time of actual emplacement" and "time of holoemplacement" respectively to imply the long duration and repetition of the magmaitc activity of kimberlite. The diamond-bearing sediments are mostly scattered in strata of Mesozoic- Cenozoic Eras and Cambrian-Sinian Periods, in accord with "actual emplacement" and "apparent emplacement ,suggesting that diamonds came from kimberlite of two major periods.     

广西东攀剖面二叠-三叠系界线附近头足类动物群与地质时代讨论

在广西东攀二叠-三叠系界线剖面中发现了Domataceras guangxiensis, Lopingoceras guangdeensis Zhao,Liang et Zheng,Schizoloboceras fusuiensis, Agathiceras sp., Stacheoceras sp.,Pernodoceras robustum Chao et Liang,Dushanoceras cf.rotolarium Zhao, Liang et Zheng,Huananoceras cf.perornatum Chao et Liang,Qianjiangoceras sp.,Laibinoceras cf.compressum Yang,Glyptophiceras sp.,Lytophiceras cf. chamunda(Diener),Ophiceras tingi Tien,Ophiceras sp.化石.在剖面的第2～12-2层产Pernodoceras,Dushanoceras,Huananoceras和Qianjiangoceras化石,均为长兴期菊石带Pseudotirolites-Rotodiscoceras的共生化石.第12-3层产长兴期菊石Laibinoceras cf.compressum Yang.第13-1A～16层产Lytophiceras和 Ophiceras,为早三叠世菊石带Ophiceras-Lytophiceras的带化石.东攀剖面菊石的分布及其与华南其他地区的对比研究表明,广西东攀剖面二叠-三叠系界线位于第12-3层(厚55 cm)内部或者位于第13-1A层的底部.     

三维激光扫描技术及BIM技术在古建筑保护测绘中的应用

结合北京市密云区古北口村文物建筑群工程实例介绍了三维激光扫描技术、BIM(建筑信息模型)在古建筑测绘中的应用。通过对比传统测绘方法,证明其在测绘及文物保护方面应用的优势。     

华南晚中生代构造体制转折结束时限研究——兼与华北燕山地区对比

中国东部中生代构造体制转折过程及其相应的岩浆作用是当前研究热点。福建是华南中生代多期次火山活动发育最齐全的地区之一,锆石SHRIMP UPb法测年表明：福建分布最广的晚中生代“南园组”火山岩形成时代可明显分为两期,分别为中侏罗世末—晚侏罗世（162.3～149.8Ma）和早白垩世（142.3～130.1Ma）。区域地质构造和地层对比表明,该两期火山岩形成于不同的火山活动旋回和构造背景,不能归入同一地层组中。与华北燕山地区相比较,前者层位相当于髫髻山组,后者层位相当于张家口组,推断它们分别形成于华南构造体制转折最终结束前后。据此提出华南中生代构造体制转折结束于晚侏罗世（149.8～142.3Ma）,也即华南与华北的构造体制转折基本同时结束。     

载体桩在陕南粉质黏土地区的适用性研究

以陕南粉质黏土地区某住宅楼施工现场为试验场地,开展了灌注桩和载体桩复合地基的现场静载试验,结合经验法理论计算,从承载力和建设成本两个方面,对比分析了两种地基基础方案的优劣。结果显示:灌注桩和载体桩复合地基荷载-沉降曲线均为缓变型,两种方案均能提供较高的抗压承载力;当载体桩桩长超过10 m,且作为复合地基增强体时,经验法计算过程未考虑桩端阻力的扩大头效益,计算结果明显低于现场试验结果;在相同桩身用料投入条件下,载体桩复合地基较灌注桩能够提供更高承载力。在陕南的类似粉质黏土地区,建议优先考虑选用载体桩复合地基方案。     

基于冲切破坏模式的嵌岩桩桩端溶洞顶板临界厚度确定方法研究

桩端下伏溶洞顶板厚度是影响嵌岩桩竖向承载力的一个重要影响因素,在工程实践中,我国相关规范要求桩端平面以下的顶板厚度不小于3倍桩径。根据规范确定溶洞顶板厚度具有一定的经验性和笼统性,没有考虑溶洞顶板岩体质量,亦忽略了溶洞自身尺寸的影响。基于桩端岩体的冲切破坏模式,并结合广义Hoek-Brown准则和极限定理上限法建立了溶洞顶板临界厚径比(h/d,即顶板厚度h/基桩直径d)的计算方法,给出了不同岩体基本质量级别的临界厚径比建议值。结果表明:极限端阻力、岩石坚硬程度和岩体质量均对临界厚径比产生影响,极限端阻力越小、岩体质量越好、岩石越坚硬,则溶洞顶板的临界厚径比越小;以《工程岩体分级标准》(GB/T50218-2014)中岩体基本质量分级为参考依据,Ⅰ~Ⅳ级岩体的临界厚径比建议值分别是Ⅰ级岩体h/d≤2.41、Ⅱ级岩体2.41≤h/d≤2.96、Ⅲ级岩体2.96≤h/d≤3.73、Ⅳ级岩体3.73≤h/d≤4.91。     

基于粒子群算法优化小波支持向量机的岩土力学参数反演

常用的确定岩土力学参数的方法有原位测试和室内试验两种,但都存在一定的局限性,参数选择的合理与否,对设计计算及数值模拟分析结果的有效性影响很大。支持向量机法在理论基础和求解算法方面都具有明显优势,为确保岩土力学参数取值的合理性,采用支持向量机法对岩土力学参数进行反演。先通过小波分析理论构造出支持向量机的核函数,再用粒子群算法(PSO)分别优化Morlet小波、Mexico小波和RBF函数的支持向量机模型参数,通过小波支持向量机模型建立反演参数与沉降值间的非线性映射关系。根据正交试验和均匀试验对需反演的岩土力学参数进行设计,结合有限元软件进行计算分析,得到学习样本和测试样本。分别采用Morlet小波、Mexico小波和RBF函数得出的预测结果和原始数据进行对比分析,发现采用Morlet小波核函数预测效果更佳。使用Morlet小波核函数预测的参数输入到Midas模型中计算建筑物最终沉降量,比较计算值与实际监测值,其相对误差不超过8.1%。研究结果表明,该方法在岩土工程参数的反演中具有良好的应用价值,对今后岩土力学参数的确定及校核提供了一种新方法。     

老挝万象盆地萨塔尼钾盐矿的构造变形与深部矿预测

老挝万象盆地蕴藏有丰富钾盐矿,钾盐成矿后受到了后期构造运动的强烈改造。后期构造运动对万象盆地的钾盐矿产生了怎样的改变?一直缺乏深入研究。本次研究表明,在挤压走滑背景下,后期的构造运动对钾盐进行改造,并使得钾盐矿体发生了塑性柔流和脆性滑移。万象盆地萨塔尼钾盐矿区的三维地震勘探结果表明,无论水平切片还是垂直剖面上,都清晰地显示了构造运动对钾盐矿和地层的后期改造。钻探岩心也显示与构造运动有关的柔流变形。通过钻孔测井资料对三维地震勘探进行标定,可以准确外推钾盐矿体的横向变化并预测定位钾盐矿的空间位置。最终在老挝万象盆地萨塔尼一个很小的矿区详勘发现了一个超大型钾盐矿床,因此三维地震在万象盆地钾盐矿后期改造和勘探方面发挥显著作用。     

Retraction Statement: A New Species of Mongolarachnidae from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning,China

The following article from Acta Geologica Sinica‐English Edition, published online on 27 February 2019 in Wiley Online Library ( http://wileyonlinelibrary.com ), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the Journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Zengqian Hou and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. The retraction has been agreed because the research finding of the article cannot be validated using another methodology, and the conclusion drawn is unreliable. Reference Cheng, X., Liu, S., Huang, W., Liu, L., Li, H., and Li, Y., 2019. A New Species of Mongolarachnidae from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 93(1): 227–228. doi: 10.1111/1755-6724.13780     

岩石直接剪切试验残余强度浅析

对岩石剪切残余强度进行了浅析,主要以唐山马城铁矿的岩石试验为依据,探讨了岩石剪切峰值强度和残余强度的关系,分析了岩石剪切残余强度的影响因素,为大家了解、利用岩石的剪切残余强度提供了参考意义。     

干旱地区水循环过程中的地下水化学特征研究——以蒙古国前巴音钼矿水源地为例

地下水的水化学类型在径流过程中会不断变化,并在径流与赋存的不同状态下体现出不同特征,体现出不同的地下水运移规律。本文以蒙古国前巴音钼矿水源地为例,选取水源地范围内的19个钻孔水样进行分析,取得了主要阴阳离子、TDS和水化学类型等数据。通过对地下水化学的空间分布特征、TDS值的变化和主要阴阳离子的演化规律进行研究发现:研究区水源地地下水补给来源为大气降水,沟谷东部地区的水循环强度高于西南部地区,外围地区最弱,地下水的水平径流较弱小于垂向;受水循环强度影响沟谷东部形成地矿化度的HCO_3型水,西南部形成HCO_3·Cl·SO_4、HCO_3·SO_4·Cl、HCO_3·SO_4型水,沟谷外围地区形成SO_4·HCO_3·Cl、Cl·SO_4·HCO_3、SO_4·HCO_3、Cl·SO_4型水,干旱地区水循环强度和补径排条件的差异会形成不同的水化学类。     

LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Petrology of the Muchang Alkali Granite, Zhenkang County, Western Yunnan Province, China

<正>The Muchang composite intrusion is located about 14 km southeast of the Fengwei town and south of the Baoshan-Zhenkang block.The rift-related intrusion consists of the early-stage riebeckite nordmarkite in the east and west sides and the discontinuous marginal zone,the late-stage main body of dominant riebeckite granite,and minor aegirine granite.Studies on petrological geochemistry and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the late-stage riebeckite granite,origin and evolution of the Muchang alkali granite and the relationship between the granite and the associated skarn-type Luziyuan Pb-Zn deposit are discussed in this paper.The results show that the Muchang alkali granites belong to A-type granites,which are characterized by enrichment in Al_2O_3,SiO_2,total alkali and Fe, depletion in MgO and CaO contents with high FeO_T/MgO ratios.The REE concentrations are relatively high,exhibiting highly fractionated LREE patterns with significantly Eu negative anomaly. The Muchang granites are obviously enriched in lithophile elements(e.g.,Rb,K,U and Th) and high field strength elements(e.g.,Zr,Hf,Nb,Y and Ga) with high 10000×Ga/Al ratios and depleted in Sr, Ba,Ti,Cr and Ni,which are similar to those of the A-type granites and quite different from those of S-type andⅠ-type granites.The LA-ICP-MS zircon dating results of the Muchang granite gave a weighted mean age of 266.2±5.4 Ma(2σ),suggesting that they were formed in the stage of extension at the end of post-collision at Middle Permian and the consumption of Paleo-Tethys ocean took place before 266 Ma. It is suggested that the unexposed intermediate-acid intrusive rocks in the Luziyuan ore district,which is the "sister" rocks material of the Muchang granites and related closely to Luziyuan Pb-Zn mineralization,were the product of Middle Permian.