岩墙群的岩石学、地球化学和几何学特征及其大地构造意义

对近几十年来岩墙群在构造环境、侵位模式、形成机制、岩相学、地球化学、同位素地质年代学、几何学和比较行星学等方面的研究成果进行了总结,为岩墙群的深入研究提供重要信息。岩墙群主要与伸展构造环境有关,是岩浆侵位事件(如地幔柱)造成上覆地壳形成裂隙系统,岩浆随后灌入而形成的。岩墙群的侵位模式主要有垂向和侧向两种,也可能是两种模式共同作用的结果。岩墙群的岩性多样,但主要是超基性-基性岩,说明其与深部岩浆作用密切相关。对岩墙群的地球化学研究可揭示岩浆事件的构造环境、岩浆演化过程以及源区特征。放射性岩墙群的几何学特征有重要的指示意义,其收敛中心被认为是地幔柱的中心位置。岩墙群是古陆重建十分重要的"契合点",对古陆重建研究十分有帮助。类地行星(金星)巨型放射状系统很可能是岩墙群系统,暗示了地球上也存在过这种完整的巨型放射状岩墙群系统。岩墙群对于古陆重建、地幔柱中心的指示、地幔源区示踪、火山机构以及区域岩浆演化的研究都有十分重要的意义,并将对地球科学的发展产生重要影响。     

前寒武纪岩墙及其热液矿化作用

1科拉半岛前寒武纪岩墙根据目前收集的和发表的实际资料分折，可将科拉半岛发育的岩墙分为四个大的时代组：1）太古富深部变质的和受移位的岩墙，2）早元古代形成的多种成分和时间的岩墙，3）晚元古新相含橄揽石粗玄岩平行岩墙群，4）古生代放射状岩墙群，其空间分布和成因与中心型碱性和碱性一超基性岩体有密切关系。每～组岩墙的空间分布，岩石成分、构造位置和岩墙分布的分带性特征都反映了相应阶段的内力状态。太古宙岩墙一在绿岩带可能有洋壳性质的如芬兰北东的NOP。ya区，在花岗片麻岩区有陆壳性质的。最近用放射性方法（诸石U－Ph…     

新疆克拉玛依北西西向岩墙群侵位的磁组构证据

准噶尔盆地西北缘克拉玛依地区广泛发育二叠纪中基性岩墙群,该区岩墙被认为是碰撞后伸展的典型产物.本文根据岩墙宏观野外特征和镜下显微构造分析(岩墙分支、捕虏体、矿物线理和定向斑晶)得出研究区北西西-南东东向岩墙侵位方向由北西西向南东东侵位.通过对该区岩墙边界采样后进行磁化率各向异性测量得到磁组构的最大磁化率长轴优势方位分布图和磁组构各向异性特征分析,进一步指示其岩浆以一定仰角由北西西向南东东侵位.结合克拉玛依地区岩墙群与达拉布特深大断裂的时空分布特征推测该区北西西向岩墙岩浆来源于北西侧的达拉布特断裂,岩浆沿着达拉布特深大断裂上侵到先存裂隙而形成岩墙.     

华北南缘古元古代末岩墙群侵位的磁组构证据

华北克拉通南缘的中条山及邻区广泛发育元古宙放射状基性岩墙群,与五台山-恒山和大同地区的北北西向基性岩墙群以及熊耳中条拗拉谷的火山岩在时空分布和地球化学方面均具有密切的相关性。中条山及邻区放射状基性岩墙群的宏观和微观流动构造(包括捕虏体、冲痕构造、矿物线理和定向斑晶)指示岩墙群以一定的仰角向北西侵位。通过该区岩墙群磁化率各向异性(AMS)测量得到磁组构的最大磁化率长轴优势方位分布图和磁组构各向异性特征分析进一步指示华北南缘古元古代末岩墙群从熊耳中条拗拉谷的底部向北西侵位。岩墙群的流动构造和磁组构的统计成果夯实了华北克拉通古元古代末基性岩墙群与熊耳中条拗拉谷的成生联系。     

中国东南部晚中生代构造伸展作用——来自海南岛基性岩墙群的证据

论文在系统地分析了海南岛文市、叉河、三亚地区的三处基性岩墙群的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和元素地球化学特征的基础上,探讨了岩墙群的来源和其反映的地球动力学背景。文市岩墙群形成于约101Ma,叉河和三亚岩墙群形成于约93Ma;主量元素化学特征显示它们属碱性系列,微量元素化学特征为富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Sr、K、Rb、Ba、Th),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti);Sr-Nd同位素组分显示其源区具有EMⅡ特征。这两期岩墙群的存在,显示了海南岛地区在早白垩世晚期和晚白垩世早期存在两次构造伸展事件。海南岛90Ma左右的岩墙群与广东、福建同时代的岩墙群构成中国东南沿海90Ma广泛发育的、呈近北北东向展布的岩墙群带,它们具有相同成因机制,指示中国东南部在90Ma左右时经历了强烈区域性拉张作用;这些岩墙群虽来源于不同的地幔源区,但均与俯冲流体交代作用有关。     

华北晚前寒武纪镁铁质岩墙群的流动构造及侵位机制

华北克拉通中部广泛发育晚前寒武纪镁铁质岩墙群。这些岩墙群未变形和未变质,保存了清晰完好的流动构造,完整地反映了前寒武纪岩浆活动的特征和流动构造,这在世界上是罕见的。通过对晚前寒武纪镁铁质岩墙群的形态和流动构造研究,如:流动线理、矿物组构和磁组构等,提出岩墙群的侵位方向和侵位方式。结合本区岩墙群与燕辽—中条拗拉槽系的关系以及岩墙群的力学性质,探讨本区岩墙群的侵位机制。     

吕梁—晋北地区晚前寒武纪镁铁质岩墙群侵位方式的磁组构证据

华北克拉通区内的吕梁-晋北地区广泛发育晚前寒武纪镁铁质岩墙群。该地区近EW向和NW-NNW向岩墙的磁组构测量结果表明,岩墙群磁各向异性与岩墙侵位的关系密切,磁化率的长轴能指示其岩浆侵位的流向。该区的岩墙群的岩浆源位于东侧的燕辽拗拉槽处,岩浆沿岩墙走向以一定仰角由ESE(或E)朝NW-NNW(或W)向流动,具板内裂谷模式。     

四川冕宁基性岩墙的年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文对四川冕宁地区的基性岩墙进行了年代学、岩石学和地球化学研究。主量元素特正和微量元素标准化图解显示,基性岩墙属于拉斑玄武岩系列,具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的特征,与峨眉山玄武岩为同源产物,存在密切的成因关系。微量元素示踪、Th/Hf-Ta/Hf判别图表明,冕宁基性岩墙具有地幔柱成因的特征,并遭受了轻微混染。基性岩墙锆石LA-ICP-MS测年结果表明,岩墙形成年龄为256.7±4.3Ma,表明岩墙是峨眉山大火成岩省大规模岩浆作用晚期的产物。年龄测定结果还暗示了岩墙在约244Ma遭遇了一次变质事件,可能是岩浆热——机械侵蚀作用,以及印支运动诱发岩浆作用再次活跃的结果。     

北山及邻区晚古生代基性岩墙群几何特征及构造意义——基于遥感影像研究

北山及邻区广泛发育晚古生代基性岩墙群,反映了该地先存裂隙（节理）的区域构造应力场和岩墙群形成后经历的构造活动,对探究岩浆活动、反演构造演化过程及分析岩墙几何特征与构造应力之间的耦合关系具有重要意义。综合遥感和地质方法,在遥感影像中解译提取1777条基性岩墙,通过几何工具计算得到岩墙走向数据,总结岩墙群空间分布规律,同时与其形成时的大陆动力学演化背景相对应。结果表明,北山及邻区岩墙优势走向方位集中于0°～65°与320°～360°,绝大部分岩墙是在伸展作用中张性区域应力场控制下形成的,具张性性质或剪张性性质,部分岩墙受后期碰撞挤压环境影响,具张剪性性质。岩墙群主导成因机制是区域伸展构造作用,兼以地幔柱远程效应及热点作用。     

吕梁—晋北地区晚前寒武纪镁铁质岩墙群侵位方式的磁组构证据

华北克拉通区内的吕梁－晋北地区广泛发育晚前寒武纪镁铁质岩墙群，该地区近ＥＷ向和ＮＷ－ＮＮＷ向岩墙的磁组构测量结果表明，岩墙群磁各向异性与岩墙侵位的关系密切，磁化率的长轴能指示其岩浆侵位的流向，该区的岩墙群的岩浆源位于东侧的燕辽拗拉槽处，岩浆沿岩墙走向以一定爷角由ＥＳＥ朝ＮＷ－ＮＮＷ向流动，具板内裂谷模式。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with