羟基磷灰石对水溶性Fe~(3+)的去除机理

利用天然磷矿粉为原料制备的羟基磷灰石(HAP)研究其去除水溶性Fe3+作用机理。结果表明:HAP对水溶液中Fe3+离子的去除过程是一个复杂的非均相固-液反应,分为两个阶段:初期阶段(t≤20 min)反应速度快,动力学过程复杂;后期阶段(t20min)反应速度较慢,符合一级反应动力学方程。HAP去除水溶性Fe3+离子的主要作用机理是溶解-沉淀和表面吸附作用。     

海带对Pb2+吸附动力学及热力学研究

以海带作为吸附剂,从动力学和热力学角度讨论了海带对水溶液中pb2+的吸附情况以及溶液的pH值对吸附的影响.实验数据利用准一、准二级动力学模型以及Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式等进行拟合.实验表明,海带对pb2的吸附反应更符合准二级动力学方程及Langmuir吸附等温线;吸附速率较快,60min内,溶液中pb2+的去除率可达90％.     

Fe-Al复合柱撑剂制备及对丁基黄药的吸附行为

由于蒙脱石独特的层状结构和离子交换能力,使其在污水治理领域具有良好的应用前景。本文使用共聚法制备Fe-Al复合柱撑蒙脱石（Fe-Al-MT）,采用XRD、比表面积孔径分析仪和SEM等进行表征分析,并探究了Fe-Al-MT对选矿废水中丁基黄药的吸附效果。试验结果表明,当Fe-Al复合柱撑蒙脱石中n(Fe³⁺)/n(Al³⁺)=1﹕5时,Fe-Al-MT的层间距达到1.913nm,比表面积为226.65m²/g,柱撑效果最佳。在Fe-Al-MT用量为6g/L,温度为40℃,p H=5的条件下,Fe-Al-MT对丁基黄药的去除率最高达到84.16%。根据Fe-Al-MT对丁基黄药的吸附作用研究表明该反应更符合Langmuir等温线模型,表明吸附过程属于单分子吸附。吸附动力学分析表明该吸附过程主要以化学吸附为主,符合二级动力学。     

蒙脱石对铬螯合物的吸附行为分析

研究了不同p H值、初始Cr3+浓度、温度、反应时间等条件下蒙脱石对Cr3+及螯合物[Cr(phen)3]3+的吸附行为,探讨了电动电位变化与吸附性能的关系。结果表明:蒙脱石吸附[Cr(phen)3]3+性能明显优于吸附Cr3+的性能,其主要原因在于蒙脱石对[Cr(phen)3]3+的吸附是静电引力及氢键、范德华力共同作用的结果,并且这种吸附能力基本不受介质酸碱性的影响。动力学研究表明两种吸附均符合准二级反应动力学模型。热力学研究表明蒙脱石对[Cr(phen)3]3+和Cr3+的吸附符合Langmuir的单层吸附模型。蒙脱石对[Cr(phen)3]3+和Cr3+的吸附的ΔG均小于零,而ΔH、ΔS都大于零,因此2种吸附均为自发、吸热和更无序的。     

碳羟磷灰石吸附水溶液中镉离子的动力学研究

碳羟基磷灰石(CHap)对水溶液中镉离子的吸附过程是一个复杂的非均相固液反应过程，从动力学角度来看，大致可分为两个阶段：初期阶段反应速度快，动力学过程复杂；后期阶段反应速度较慢，并符合一级反应动力学方程。实验表明：反应速率常数k1与温度T之间的关系符合阿累尼乌斯公式，吸附的活化能为Ea=6．075J／mol，吸附的频率因子A=220s^-1。同时，k1与镉离子初始浓度呈负相关性，与介质pH值、CHap用量呈正相关性．     

钾化蒙脱石对硝基苯的强化吸附机理研究

测定分析蒙脱石的孔隙结构及化学组成,采用批量平衡实验研究了改性后蒙脱石对硝基苯(NB)的吸附特性,并从动力学及热力学角度探讨了NB的强化吸附作用机理。研究结果表明,吸附过程符合伪二级动力学方程,反应经过快速吸附、减速吸附和平衡吸附3个阶段,12 h达到吸附平衡。K+-蒙脱石对NB的吸附符合Henry方程,吸附过程主要由分配作用所致,随着改性的K+浓度越高,离子强度增强,EDA作用效果显著。另外,K+-蒙脱石对NB的吸附是一个放热过程,在303～323 K范围内,反应的吉布斯自由能变小,吸附反应为自发过程。     

不同初始Fe(Ⅱ)浓度对施威特曼石生物合成的影响

施威特曼石(schwertmannite)已被证实是一种具特异性能的重(类)金属吸附新材料,生物方法合成的施威特曼石由于具备较好的表面吸附性能而受到更多关注。本文通过接种有嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans)的FeSO4-H2O矿物合成体系,研究了不同初始Fe2+浓度对Fe生物转化成施威特曼石效率的影响。结果表明,在Fe(Ⅱ)浓度(FeSO4.7H2O配制)设计为20、40、80和160 mmol/L,接种A.ferrooxidans菌密度达到6.0×107个/mL时,本实验条件下矿物重量y(g)与初始Fe2+浓度x(mmol/L)的关系为y(g)=0.036 67+0.008 520x-8.602.10-6x2;溶液TFe沉淀率y(%)与初始Fe2+浓度x(mmol/L)的关系为y(%)=39.68-0.221 0x+6.653.10-4x2。反应后期溶液中大量残留Fe3+在满足饱和指数SI>0的条件下不能析出矿物沉淀,进一步分析表明,Fe3+水解形成施威特曼石的可能机制是利用了Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans菌氧化Fe2+释放的能量才得以实现,当Fe2+完全氧化不再供应能量时,Fe生物转化成施威特曼石的反应也达到了最大限度。     

喀斯特石冠腐殖土及其对NH4+-N的吸附性能——以云南石林为例

石冠腐殖土在喀斯特地区广泛分布,具有维系喀斯特生态系统植物多样性、截留沉降养分和水分等重要的生态功能。本文以云南石林为例,选择典型石漠化生态系统、人工林生态系统和次生林生态系统,实地取集各类小生境的石冠腐殖土样,并进行NH4+-N吸附实验,探究石冠腐殖土对NH4+-N的吸附动力学和等温吸附特征。结果表明:石漠化生态系统、人工林生态系统和次生林生态系统每平方米岩石投影面积的石冠腐殖土分别为40.45±25.38 g、38.89±9.92 g和397.66±142.71 g;石冠腐殖土对NH4+-N的吸附动力学遵循准二级反应动力学方程,2 min内能完成吸附量的65%～75%,吸附平衡时间约为20 min;腐殖土对氨氮的吸附量随加入NH4+-N浓度的升高而增加,吸附等温线符合Boxlucas1模型,依据此模型计算出的石漠化生态系统石冠腐殖土的吸附性能最大,最大吸附量约7.79 g/kg,人工林次之,为5.29 g/kg,次生林的吸附性能最小,吸附量仅为4.73 g/kg,腐殖土对氨氮的截留率为20%～50%。      

苏打盐碱土对氮转化的影响

以苏打盐碱土中的主要成分NaHCO₃作为主要影响因素,通过室内培养方法,研究不同苏打盐碱化条件对氮的吸附、矿化、硝化及反硝化作用的影响。结果表明,在不同NaHCO₃质量浓度影响下：NH⁺₄-N吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式;矿化模型符合一阶动力学方程,随着NaHCO₃质量浓度的增大,潜在矿化势(M₀)和矿化速率常数(k_m)分别由358.48 mg/kg和0.088 d^-1降低到337.08 mg/kg和0.059 d^-1;硝化作用符合“S”形曲线模型,随着NaHCO₃质量浓度的增大,最大速率（k_max）由22.56 mg/(kg·d)降低到16.68 mg/(kg·d);反硝化作用符合零阶动力学方程,但NaHCO₃与Na₂CO₃混合质量浓度变化对反硝化速率常数(k_d)影响不显著。随着NaHCO₃质量浓度的增大,苏打盐碱土中NH⁺₄-N吸附、有机氮矿化和硝化作用均受到抑制。     

油酸钠浮选锂辉石的作用机理研究

通过浮选实验、Zeta电位测量和红外光谱分析研究了油酸钠捕收剂体系中锂辉石的浮选行为和作用机理。浮选结果发现,当油酸钠用量为200 mg/L,pH=8⁹时,锂辉石最大浮选回收率为27%;当加入的活化离子Fe3+浓度为35 mg/L时,浮选回收率高达90%,可见Fe3+活化效果显著。Zeta电位测量结果显示锂辉石的零电点约为pH=3.0,加入阴离子捕收剂油酸钠后锂辉石Zeta电位整体向负移,则两者之间存在非静电作用力。在最佳浮选pH值=89时,锂辉石最大浮选回收率为27%;当加入的活化离子Fe3+浓度为35 mg/L时,浮选回收率高达90%,可见Fe3+活化效果显著。Zeta电位测量结果显示锂辉石的零电点约为pH=3.0,加入阴离子捕收剂油酸钠后锂辉石Zeta电位整体向负移,则两者之间存在非静电作用力。在最佳浮选pH值=8⁹时,锂辉石Zeta电位变化最显著,表明此时发生的吸附作用最大。结合红外光谱测试结果可得出结论:油酸钠在锂辉石表面吸附主要通过化学作用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of