甘肃省肃南县摆浪沟矿化区找矿潜力分析

摆浪沟地区地处北祁连山西段奥陶纪弧后盆地火山岩带内，区内古火山机构保留完整，火山岩系为蛇绿岩套上部火山岩的组成部分，岩相发育齐全，与铜矿化密切相关的喷流岩——红碧玉岩发育，沿火山机构铜矿化发育普遍，既有与构造破碎带有关的铜矿化，也有与喷流岩有关的火山块状硫化物矿化存在，显示了该区寻找富铜块状硫化物矿床的巨大前景。     

新疆谢米斯台地区斑岩型铜矿化的发现及其意义

继在新疆谢米斯台地区玄武岩中发现自然铜矿化后,在谢米斯台地区中-酸性次火山岩中发现具有一定规模的斑岩型铜矿化。原生硫化物主要为黄铜矿、黄铁矿和斑铜矿。斑岩型铜矿化主要发育于蚀变的英安斑岩、流纹斑岩和安山玢岩中,矿化岩石中发育强烈的绿帘石化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化、硅化,局部发育泥化。区内斑岩型铜矿化的发现,表明新疆谢米斯台地区存在两种类型铜矿化,有望取得铜矿找矿新突破。矿化次火山岩及其下部的浅成侵入体可能是区内斑岩型铜矿床找矿评价的重要目标。     

四川省九龙县黑牛洞铜锌矿的矿床地质特征、成因及其成矿时代

通过野外填图、坑探和钻探以及室内测试、研究认为:黑牛洞铜锌矿床原来可能是一个形成于中元古代大陆被动边缘裂谷的大型甚至特大型海相火山块状硫化物矿床;含矿围岩是糜棱岩、千糜岩、糜棱片岩、变晶糜棱岩、变粒岩、浅粒岩和构造蚀变岩,剪切型矿化和蚀变带包裹了矿体,原岩是石英砂岩、泥质石英粉砂岩、泥质岩和硅质岩夹基性火山岩、少量中—酸性、酸性火山岩,经过变质达到高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相.以块状、角砾状和准块状矿石为主的矿床是富铜矿,矿石的铜平均品位为1.68％,锌品位平均为1.53％;矿化与褪色带、硅化关系密切.矿化类型以广泛发育韧性剪切带型浸染状矿化岩或矿石(分别简称剪切型矿化岩或矿石)为特色,具有与糜棱岩、千糜岩相同的变形特征,可见两期以上的金属矿物透镜体、变形条带和不协调微褶皱.矿床具有原地韧性变形改造、变质再生矿床的特点;矿石、矿体的围岩和氢、氧、硫、铅、硅同位素特征显示,块状、准块状和角砾状矿石的矿质基本来源于剪切型矿化岩或矿石,是变质生成矿床,也是原矿石的再生矿床,而剪切型矿化岩或矿石可能是中元古代海底火山-裂谷作用形成的火山块状硫化物矿床经过多期韧性变形、变质改造形成的,是溶解为主的化学再活化的残余.构造改造、再生矿床的成矿时代为134.26±0.5Ma.,形成于燕山晚期.     

东秦岭二郎坪群蛇绿岩中的火山成因硫化物矿床

东秦岭二郎坪群蛇绿岩中广泛发育火山成因块状硫化物矿床,火山演化从早期到中晚期分别形成铁矿层,火山成因块状硫化物矿床和黄铁矿化层,矿床具有层控性及距火山喷发中心带距离不同而控制的分带性规律,还有厚层基性熔岩形成铁矿,酸性火山岩赋存铜－锌型或铅－锌－铜型矿的岩性成矿专属性,矿床中伴有不同规模的金银矿化。     

新疆土屋斑岩铜矿床火山-侵入杂岩体、 成矿岩石及其蚀变

土屋斑岩铜矿床位于新疆东天山晚古生代大南湖-头苏泉岛弧中.矿区出露地层为石炭系企鹅山群火山-沉积岩.文章提出矿区出露的火山-沉积岩以及浅成侵入岩为一火山-侵入杂岩体,发育2个旋回4个岩相:第一旋回包括溢流相玄武岩和安山岩、爆发相集块角砾熔岩和爆发-沉积相凝灰岩;第二旋回包括次火山相闪长玢岩和玄武玢岩.斜长花岗斑岩侵入到火山机构断裂系中.矿体赋存于斜长花岗斑岩和闪长玢岩中.斜长花岗斑岩为成矿斑岩,次火山岩相闪长玢岩为容矿岩石,火山岩为围岩.土屋斑岩铜矿床可分为前成矿期和主成矿期.前成矿期形成于火山活动的晚期,发育青磐岩化;主成矿期形成于斜长花岗斑岩侵位时期,发育钾硅酸盐蚀变、绿泥石-绢云母蚀变和黄铁绢英岩化蚀变及与之有关的矿化,形成了土屋斑岩型矿化的主体.矿化阶段包括钾硅酸盐阶段、绿泥石-绢云母阶段和黄铁绢英岩化阶段等.     

东秦岭二郎坪群蛇绿岩中的火山成因硫化物矿床

东秦岭二郎坪群蛇绿岩中广泛发育火山成因块状硫化物矿床。火山演化从早期到中晚期分别形成铁矿层、火山成因块状硫化物矿床和黄铁矿化层。矿床具有层控性及距火山喷发中心带距离不同而控制的分带性规律,还有厚层基性熔岩形成铁矿、酸性火山岩赋存铜—锌型或铅—锌—铜型矿的岩性成矿专属性。矿床中伴有不同规模的金银矿化。     

新疆阿舍勒盆地泥盆纪火成岩与构造-岩浆演化

阿舍勒泥盆纪火山盆地是阿尔泰西南缘重要的矿集区,产出我国著名的火山成因块状硫化物型(VMS)矿床——阿舍勒铜矿.其内部发育的火山岩和侵入岩地球化学特征记录了阿舍勒盆地的构造岩浆演化和成岩、成矿作用过程,但其形成构造背景和成岩成矿机制一直存在争论.本文报道了阿舍勒矿集区萨尔朔克铜金多金属矿区深部英云闪长岩的LA-MC-I...     

外贝加尔东南的斑岩铜矿化

本文阐述了在外贝加尔东南出露的含多金属的斑岩铜矿化和斑岩金－铜矿化的主要特点，该矿化产于局部的火山机构中，为热液成因矿化。在许多铀矿化区中出现铜矿化，并伴随热液蚀变岩石的发育。另外在南额尔古纳附近发现早期未知的矿化类型和铀的矿化形成类型共存。指出了含钼和多金属斑岩金－铜矿化的直接标志为发育大面积的黄铁矿化、钾长石化、绿磐岩化和黄铁绢英岩化晕。     

新疆昆仑式火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床及成矿地质环境

新疆西昆仑奥依塔克-恰尔隆拗陷带内阿克塔什-萨落依成矿带发现多处火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床。这些矿床产在石炭系双峰式火山岩系之内，沿着下石炭统基性火山岩和上石炭统酸性火山岩两个层位产出，分别以玄武岩和流纹岩为容矿主岩，可以明显地分成基性火山岩型和酸性火山岩型两种类型。矿石主成矿元素均以铜为主，含少量的锌，几乎不含铅，矿床类型属于铜型。这些基性火山岩型和酸性火山岩型矿床被统称为昆仑式火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床。根据矿床产出地质环境、双峰式火山岩系、沉积建造以及火山岩地球化学特征，推断昆仑式火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床最可能形成于泥盆纪-石炭纪弧后拉张构造环境。     

新疆阿勒泰地区多拉纳勒铜矿地质特征与找矿预测

阿舍勒块状硫化物矿床的发现揭示了阿舍勒-冲乎尔盆地有色金属找矿的巨大潜力.多拉纳勒铜矿与阿舍勒铜矿均位于玛尔卡库里剪切带北,出露地层为下泥盆统阿舍勒组火山岩-火山碎屑岩建造,海西晚期哈巴河岩体侵入至阿舍勒组,接触带上发育矽卡岩化、高岭土化、硅化、黄铁矿化、孔雀石化.TEM测深工作显示矿区存在3处中-低阻异常带,异常沿构造线方向展布与地表矿化体出露部位相吻合,推测为矿致异常.综合地质、物探特征,认为多拉纳勒地区深部找矿前景较好.     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.