RG-30型雷达波流速仪在后峡水文站适用性分析

雷达波流速仪作为一种非接触式流量测试仪,具有操作简单,使用灵活,测试精度高的特点。非常适合在野外水电项目和水文站水文测试中使用。以乌鲁木齐河上游后峡水文站的出水试验为例,分析了使用RG-30雷达波流速仪计算断面流量的过程。在将雷达波流速仪测得流量与传统铅鱼测量值进行相关分析比较后表明,采用带截距的回归方程进行计算和研究可以有效地减少一些流量测试误差,提高流量测量的精度。雷达波流速仪作为一种新型的流量测量工具,为现代水文站流量测量提供了一种强大而便捷的方法。     

雷达波流速仪流量测验水面流速系数分析

以具有不同河流特征的长冈水库水库、平江和孤江流域为例,进行了雷达波流速仪和LS1206B型流速仪水面流速的比测分析,并在比测试验的基础上,得出雷达波流速仪对水面流速的试验结果可以代表LS1206B型流速仪,同时用LS1206B型流速仪进行相对水深0.6 m测点流速的相关性分析,得出冈水库水库、平江和孤江流域水面流速系数...     

大量程大变率高精度雷达水位计关键技术研究

分析了雷达水位计在大量程大变率条件下的分辨力、精度和稳定性等问题,基于调频连续波,采用快速傅里叶变换和Chip-Z算法、快速自动增益控制方法、专用DSP数字信号处理平台和FPGA大规模可编程逻辑芯片等优化设计,满足了大量程、大变率、高精度水位测量对精度的要求,具有广阔的应用前景。     

文丘里法在河流流量推算中的应用

流量测验常见方法有常规水文缆道流速仪法、超声波时差法、声学多普勒流速(ADCP)、雷达波流速等,上述方法各有优缺点,适用于不同场合。文丘里现象被广泛用来测量封闭管道中单相稳定流体的流量,依据伯努利定律可知流速的增大伴随流体压力的降低,即受限流动在通过缩小的过流断面时流体出现流速增大的文丘里效应,根据该效应,可通过河段文氏等效,获得估算的天然河流水体流量。经实例验证,该方法计算精度较高,达到流量测验规范要求,可作为流量估算的一种辅助手段。     

流速仪主要结构性能对测流精度的影响分析

介绍流速仪结构性能,主要是转子特性、旋转支承结构设计要求与旋转轴动态密封装置原理,对确保流速仪测量精度方面进行阐释,并通过国内外旋桨式流速仪的比测进行验证,还简要介绍了旋杯流速仪的旋转支承结构与发信部件特点,为仪器研发与使用者更了解流速仪的结构和确保测验精度方面提供参考。     

雷达枪水面流速仪简介及其比测试验研究

雷达枪(SVR)水面流速仪从美国DECATUR瓜公司引进,是"948"项目一"黑河水量实时监测系统引进"项目中的重要仪器.本文对雷达枪水面流速仪作了简要阐述,并对该仪器与常规测验仪器进行了比测试验研究.目的是利用国际先进的测量技术,结合黑河水量分配调度以及水文测验规范的具体要求,提高水量监测的手段,快速测量出监测断面的水量数据,为实施水资源的统一调度和管理提供技术支持.同时也为该仪器在我国西北内陆地区推广使用奠定基础.     

巴林桥水文站电波流速仪流量参数率定

科技的发展带动技术的进步,针对水文行业的新设备应运而生。雷达波流速仪具有不接触水体、全天候工作、高度智能化的特点,是应对中高洪水流量测验安全、有效的一种测验设备。但是电波流速仪测量的只是水面流速,如何应用这种仪器来达到测流目的,使其测量结果满足水文规范的要求,还需要经过分析实验。利用两年时间对巴林桥断面水面流速系数进行比对分析,着重考虑了风的影响,确定得出不同量级洪水在不同风速下的水面流速系数。根据合理、准确的测验方式及利用该系数计算成果的两种方法的一致性,将取得的成果资料在今后测验中全面投入使用。     

侧扫雷达测流系统在水文信息监测中的比测研究及误差分析

国内现有的侧扫雷达测流大多停留在比测试验上,尚未有在国家水文站,尤其是大江大河上正式投产、参与整编归档的案例。利用自主研发的UHF雷达测流系统,通过在仙桃水文站与常规缆道流速仪测流开展比测试验,判断其测得的表面流速分布的合理性;重点研究表面流速反演流量的技术方法,并开展相应的误差分析。结果表明,UHF雷达测流系统有较好的流量测验精度,可为该系统在水文信息监测中的推广应用提供参考。     

声学多普勒流速剖面仪应用浅析

对声学多普勒流速剖面仪在实际应用中进行了分析.通过在白山水库采用走航式及定点测流(垂向代表线法)两种方式,对白山水库测流断面进行了流量测验、流速分布及流向测量.声学多普勒流速剖面仪既适用于自由水面又适用于封冻期测量,最后对声学多普勒流速剖面仪进行了讨论.     

风浪作用下水生植物对水流结构的影响——以太湖中两种典型沉水植物为例

为研究风浪作用下水生植物对水流结构的影响,选取太湖中两种典型沉水植物(苦草与马来眼子菜)为研究对象,分别对苦草植物斑块与马来眼子菜植物斑块内外水体的瞬时流速进行野外现场测量,利用瞬时流速的能量谱分布将波浪流速与紊动流速分离,分别分析水生植物对时均流速、波浪流速以及紊动能的影响。风浪影响下,水体中存在流向与测量时近水面处盛行风向一致的水流;波浪流速以垂向流速为主,且波浪流速自水面向床底逐渐减小;紊动能在水面处达到最大值,并向床底方向逐渐减小。与无植被条件相比,苦草与马来眼子菜的存在减小了时均流速、波浪流速以及紊动能。两种植物形态上的差异,导致其对水流结构的影响不同:苦草叶片阻流面积在冠层中部达到最大,使得时均流速与波浪流速在苦草中部位置的减小程度最大;马来眼子菜叶片主要集中于冠层顶部(水面附近),其对时均流速以及波浪流速的减小作用在水面处达到最大。     

多普勒天气雷达风场反演技术研究进展

多普勒天气雷达是研究中小尺度天气系统的重要工具，但却只能提供风场的径向速度，因而必须通过风场反演技术来求解二维或三维风场。详细分析了各种单部、多部和多基地多普勒天气雷达风场反演技术及其优缺点，同时指出了应重点研究的方向。从反演结果来看，基于变分法的反演技术明显优于其它方法，这是今后的一个主要研究方向；利用四维同化理论，在数值模式初始场中使用反演数据，是反演技术应用的重点。     

Analyzing Yengisogat Glacier surface velocities with ALOS PALSAR data feature tracking, Karakoram, China

Little is known about the detailed behavior of glaciers in the Karakoram Mountains. Advanced land observing satellite (ALOS) phased array type L-band synthetic aperture radar (PALSAR) data were used to obtain the surface velocity of the Yengisogat Glacier in the Karakoram Mountains. Four ALOS PALSAR data sets with 46?days temporal baseline acquired from 2007 to 2009 covered all four seasons and were used to extract the offset fields and estimate annual average surface velocity based on seasonal velocities. For the ALOS PALSAR data the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) feature-tracking procedures within the GAMMA software were utilized instead of SAR interferometry because of low coherence in case of fast-moving glaciers or large time intervals between the image acquisitions. The accuracy of the measurements is discussed, and the measurements were consistent with previous results from optical imagery feature tracking. It was revealed that the south tributaries contributed to the main flow of the glacier, with the glacier surface velocities of the south tributaries moving more rapidly than the north tributaries. This was mainly attributed to the effect of the glacier??s aspect in the glacier long-term development point of view. Seasonal and spatial variations of the glacier surface velocity imply that the tributary South Skamri Glacier is probably surging. This has previously been mentioned by some researchers such as Copland et al. The Equilibrium Line Altitude was found to be at about 5,000?m a.s.l for south tributaries, estimated from the surface velocity distribution along the glacier centerline.     

Application of cross-hole radar tomograph in karst Area

Electromagnetic wave CT, containing velocity CT and attenuation CT, is one of the effective geophysical prospecting methods to detect underground caves. The accuracy is low when applying the velocity CT and the attenuation CT separately into investigation in a karst area. This paper briefs the basic theory of electromagnetic wave CT imaging, and then mainly introduces the basic theory and applying methodology of cross-hole radar tomography for exploration in a karst area. Through numerical value simulation and practice verification, the advantage and disadvantage of the velocity CT and the attenuation CT of electromagnetic wave based on very high frequency have been studied, respectively. It has been found that the attenuation CT does better in confirming the location of karst caves, and the velocity CT is better in determining the shape of the karst caves although the whole distribution regular of the velocity CT is almost consistent with the attenuation CT.     

Monitoring Muztagh Kuksai glacier surface velocity with L-band SAR data in southwestern Xinjiang, China

This study presents the results of measuring surface velocity fields of alpine glaciers with multi-temporal ALOS/PALSAR synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data using the normalized cross-correlation technique. The main limitations of spaceborne optical data and interferometric SAR for retrieving reliable interferometric product are firstly discussed. Next, an efficient method of deriving surface velocity with spaceborne SAR system using the intensity-tracking method based on the cross-correlation optimization is expounded. This method is an invaluable alternative way of estimating the glacier surface field when the differential SAR interferometry is limited by the loss of coherence and can also overcome the drawback of the lack of available optical data in alpine glacier areas. The method was successfully applied in the region of the Muztagh Kuksai Glacier using ALOS/PALSAR L-band data with 44 days temporal separation. The glacier surface velocity fields were obtained for two different time intervals (14 January to 11 March 2009 and 1 September to 17 October 2009). The accuracy of the method was estimated from the residual value in the non-glacier area, which is often used to evaluate the performance of the approach for monitoring the glacier surface velocity. Finally the distribution maps of the surface velocity fields on the Muztagh Kuksai Glacier were retrieved with an accuracy of 0.3 m (SD 0.2 m) using L-band spaceborne SAR data. The results show that overall average velocity for 1 September to 17 October in 2009 is about 11 % faster than that for 14 January to 11 March in 2009. It is concluded that the potential of monitoring the long-term evolution of glaciers with SAR data should be emphasized.     

Mapping of slow landslides on the Palos Verdes Peninsula using the California landslide inventory and persistent scatterer interferometry

Extremely slow landslides, those with a displacement rate <16 mm/year, may be imperceptible without proper instrumentation. These landslides can cause infrastructure damage on a long-term timescale. The objective is to identify these landslides through the combination of information from the California landslide inventory (CLI) and ground displacement rates using results from persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI), an interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) stacking technique, across the Palos Verdes Peninsula in California. A total of 34 ENVISAT radar images (acquired between 2005 and 2010) and 40 COSMO-SkyMed radar images (acquired between 2012 and 2014) were processed. An InSAR landslide inventory (ILI) is created using four criteria: minimum PS count, average measured ground velocity, slope angle, and slope aspect. The ILI is divided into four categories: long-term slides (LTSs), potentially active slides (PASs), relatively stable slopes (RSSs), and unmapped extremely slow slides (UESSs). These categories are based on whether landslides were previously mapped on that slope (in the CLI), if persistent scatterers (PSs) are present, and whether PSs are unstable or stable. The final inventory includes 263 mapped landslides across the peninsula, of them 67 landslides were identified as UESS. Although UESS exhibit low velocity and are relatively small (average area of 8865 m² per slide), their presence in a highly populated area such as the Palos Verdes Peninsula could lead to destruction of infrastructure and property over the long term.     

跨孔地震CT技术在地铁工程施工溶洞探测 方面的应用

本文介绍了在南京地铁4号线某区间应用跨孔地震CT技术进行现场数据采集的方法,并运用Matlab语言编制程序,通过最小二乘法对大型线性稀疏矩阵方程进行求解,由生成的三维网格数据绘制波速等值线图,从而实现了孔间介质波速层析成像的功能。根据成像图中低速带范围及波形分析确定了溶洞位置和充填情况,经checkerboard测试,并与钻探资料和地质雷达影像对比分析,结果表明跨孔地震CT技术用于地下岩溶探测时可靠性高,能够实现对孔间岩溶发育状况的超前预报。     

组合式流量在线监测系统在变动回水断面的应用

为解决低流速、受变动回水影响等较复杂监测环境下的流量在线监测问题,依据声学多普勒频移及雷达波测速的方法原理,结合新运粮河入滇池口监测断面复杂的水文监测条件实际,采用非接触式雷达波传感器与接触式水平ADCP传感器组合成一套完整的在线流量监测系统,实现河流水表面流速和水下指标流速的同步实时数据采集,再将同步采集的水表面流速和水下指标流速同时输入模型模拟监测断面流场、流速分布,再计算实时流量后,通过GPRS信道传送到中心站服务器,对数据进行分析处理、存储、转录、发布,实现WEB、手机APP远程实时流量、工作状态等查询功能。经近一年的运行,系统正常稳定。     

物探检测方法在复合地基检测中的应用--以广州石化总厂航煤油罐复合地基为例

介绍了利用瑞利波,地质雷达,钻孔波速测试原理检测强夯碎柱复合地基的方法,实践表明,工程物探测结果与常规方法检测结果相一致, 有低成本,高效率等特点。     

探地雷达应用中的几个基本问题

本文讨论了探地雷达(GPR)应用中的四个基本问题:(1)电磁波在地层中传播的波阻抗;(2)电磁波在地层分界面上场强的反射系数与透射系数;(3)电磁波在地层中的传播速度和反射波相位;(4)GPR的探测深度。为GPR的资料解释工作提供一定的理论依据和方法,也会促进资料解释的研究和发展。     

千岛湖配水工程隧洞超前预报中的综合物探技术

将TSP、探地雷达及红外探测技术用于千岛湖配水工程隧洞超前预报中,结果如下:TSP对溶洞的探测分辨率低,对岩体破碎区探测效果较好,其异常特征表现为杨氏模量、密度及纵波波速偏低;探地雷达很适合于灰岩区隧洞超前预报,雷达反射剖面呈现强振幅及双曲线状同相轴的区域预示溶洞发育;红外探测受隧洞喷混凝土水化热干扰影响巨大,无法单独用于隧洞地质预报,当围岩质量级别较差时此缺陷尤为明显。