均布矩形荷载作用下土体各向异性对附加应力分布的影响

简要地介绍了均布矩形荷载作用下考虑土体各向异性的附加应力计算公式,编制了相关程序计算了各种不同情况下的附加应力系数,并与各向同性情况下的附加应力系数进行了对比。在此基础上,详细地分析了均布矩形荷载作用下土体的各向异性对附加应力分布的影响。     

溶洞对路基稳定性影响分析——以常张高速公路K122+200路基为例

利用弹塑性理论和有限差分方法,对常张高速公路下伏溶洞处理前后对路基变形和稳定性影响进行了计算分析和评价。计算结果表明,在汽车动载作用下,常张高速公路K122+ 200路基和溶洞上部土层产生较大的塑性变形, 整个路基处于不稳定状态。进一步分析表明,溶洞的顶板厚度是影响路基稳定性的主导因素,随着顶板厚度的增加,路基地面变形迅速减小。K122+ 200路基下伏溶洞采用回注水泥粘土浆液加固处理后,路基变形和溶洞上部土体的塑性变形明显减小,可见回注水泥粘土浆液加固溶洞效果明显,能满足工程建设的要求。      

岩溶地区隐伏溶洞顶板稳定性及变形分析

溶洞顶板以及溶洞本身的变形是评价含隐伏溶洞岩溶地基稳定性最为直观的技术指标,在岩土自重和桩基的外附荷载作用下,确定桥基隐伏溶洞顶板安全厚度为8.0 m能够满足稳定性要求,突破了设计规范中对溶洞厚跨比必须大于0.8的要求。利用有限元计算,预测了桥基下溶洞及顶板的变形规律,采用钻孔多点位移计实现了在施工荷载施加过程中对溶洞及顶板岩体的变形的实时监测,有效验证了数值计算结果的合理性。监测结果表明：溶洞顶板不同岩层及溶洞本身的变形在荷载施加初期发展较快,相同施工荷载作用下洞体本身的应变最大,而顶板表层的应变又高于洞体上部岩层应变。     

基于激光扫描和数值模拟的大型溶洞顶板稳定性评价研究

随着岩溶地区城镇建设、房地产开发的快速发展,岩溶地基稳定性成为房屋工程建设施工的关键问题之一。针对目前溶洞顶板稳定性分析经验的不足,本研究依托某房建施工项目,在钻孔勘探以及三维激光地质扫描工作的基础上,基于有限元模拟软件建立了溶洞数值分析模型,且按实际情况楼房和车库荷载对溶洞顶板进行稳定性分析,根据顶板最大主应力数据判断溶洞稳定性是否满足房建荷载要求,并据此提出合理施工意见。结果表明,三维激光地质扫描可为后期数值模拟提供很好的基础,有限元计算结果拟通过半定量计算进行验证,发现结果与数值模拟结果相接近,该方法使分析结果更接近实际情况,工作方法和研究成果可为相似地质条件下溶洞顶板稳定性评价提供参考。     

Y型桩桩端阻力产生附加应力的分析计算

Y型沉管灌注桩截面形式复杂,截面几何特性存在4个独立控制变量、8个积分区间。Y型桩桩端均布荷载在地基内部任意点产生附加应力系数的解析表达式求解困难,目前尚无得出简单的解析表达式。借助数学分析软件Mathematica的NIntegrate数值积分功能,以及Geddes推导应力解的思想,得出了Y型桩桩端均布荷载作用在地基内部任意点竖向附加应力系数的数值计算方法,经校核有很高精度。分析了Y型截面4个独立变量外包圆半径R、模板弧度?、开弧间距s、夹角度数? 对附加应力系数的影响及采用Geddes应力解计算产生的误差。分析了随荷载作用面积变化、计算深度变化Y型、三角形、矩形、方形、圆形、圆环、H形、T形截面桩端均布荷载作用在地基内部时截面中心点下附加应力系数的差异及变化规律。将考虑Y型桩截面形状的附加应力计算方法应用于Y型桩单桩的沉降计算,计算结果与静载荷试验数据吻合较好。     

矩形基础受垂直荷载作用下地基土中任意点的竖向附加应力系数计算公式

矩形基础受垂直均布荷载作用下,地基土中任一点的附加应力虽然可以通过角点法和应力叠加原理求得,但是除了矩形角点下各点计算较容易外,其余的点计算均较繁琐;矩形基础受垂直三角形分布荷载作用下,矩形基底面积垂直投影范围内地基土中各点的附加应力虽然可以通过角点法和应力叠加原理求得,但是除基底荷载分布为零的边的角点下各点计算较容易外,其余的点计算都很繁琐,而矩形基底面积外的点则无法计算。本文通过推导得出两个公式,借助电脑,能很容易地计算矩形基础受垂直荷载作用下地基土中任意点的附加应力系数,并通过计算对比,验证了公式是正确的。     

偏心荷载作用下软弱下卧层承载力验算方法研究

以均布荷载作用下软弱下卧层竖向附加应力的简化计算方法为基础,导出了偏心荷载作用下软弱下卧层竖向附加应力的简化计算公式,并提出偏心荷载作用下软弱下卧层承载力验算的基本原则。     

一年内列车荷载作用下冻土路基的应力分布

冻土路基土体的物理性质与温度有密切关系, 在不同的季节, 路基内的变形场和应力场会相应发生变化. 为了说明路基内变形场和应力场的季节性差异, 以青藏铁路某断面为例, 对冻土路基在有、无列车荷载两种工况下进行了数值模拟, 系统分析了两种工况下路基内的变形场和应力场特点. 结果表明: 路基修筑后, 在自重作用下会产生较大瞬时变形; 由于路基内温度场随时间变化, 路基内各点的位移也随时间发生变化, 且位移时程曲线与温度时程曲线大体呈负相关. 在有、无列车两种工况下路基竖向位移分布都是由道砟中心向路基内部逐渐减小, 但数值明显不同; 由列车荷载引起的最大竖向附加变形发生在路基顶面中心点, 在10月15日、1月15日、4月15日, 变形量分别为-4.94 mm、-3.24 mm、-2.56 mm. 对于路基底面中心点和地基浅层中心点, 由列车荷载引起的附加应力在10月15日最大、1月15日次之、4月15日最小, 附加应力最大达到19.48 kPa; 列车荷载主要影响路基上部土体应力分布, 对下部土体应力分布影响较小.     

半无限弹性体内作用竖向矩形和条形均布荷载时的应力计算公式

传统土力学处理岩土工程问题时,经常采用弹性力学方法分析土中应力分布。土中应力通常依据较为简单的Boussinesq解计算,该解答假定荷载作用于土体表面;但是,建筑物基础一般都埋置在地表以下一定深度,此时,应依据Mindlin解计算应力分布。在半无限弹性体内作用竖向矩形和条形均布荷载时的应力分布对计算基础沉降以及分析基坑尺寸对稳定性和变形的影响均有重要意义,在其他岩土工程问题中也有诸多应用。尽管文献[1-2]给出了相关计算公式,但存在几处错误。基于Mindlin解,通过积分重新推导了在半无限体内部作用竖向矩形均布荷载时应力分布的解析表达式,进一步得到了条形均布荷载作用时应力分布的解析表达式,这2组公式均与文献[1-2]给出的结果存在不同。最后,采用数值积分方法验证了新给出的2组公式的正确性。     

非均布荷载作用下各向异性地基应力分布

在集中力作用下应力表达式的基础上推导一组非均布荷载作用下考虑地基各向异性的应力分布公式,并讨论非均布荷载,地基各向异性对地基应力分布的影响。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.