同位素在小流域基流计算中的应用研究

小流域基流计算结果可反映流域地下水与地表水之间的相互影响.对2007年中山大学珠海滨海水循环综合实验基地上游流域做退水分析,并采用不同方法分割上游河道流量过程线,得到的基流BFI值,即基流量除以河川径流量,变化范围在0.43～0.86,旱季BFI最大值为0.96,雨季最小值为0.41.收集研究区域河道水、地下水以及雨水水样分析D、18O同位素值,根据同位素平衡原理采用二水源过程线分割法计算2～5月流域基流比重,得到上游BFI值0.737、下游BFI值0.68,计算结果与改进的数字滤波法3的计算结果相一致.     

基流分割方法在疏勒河上游流域的应用对比分析

基于疏勒河上游昌马堡水文站2007—2016年日径流资料, 运用单参数数字滤波法、 平滑最小值法、 递归数字滤波法和HYSEP法（固定步长法、 滑动步长法、 局部最小值法）对其进行基流分割计算。结果表明： 4种方法均可实现基流的自动分割, 且得到的基流过程线平滑缓慢, 所获得的基流序列稳定, 变异性小。4种方法得到基流指数具有差异性, 最大为0.72, 最小为0.49, 其中递归数字滤波法估算的结果稳定性最高。单参数数字滤波法中, 当滤波参数β取值0.95时为最优参数。平滑最小值法、 HYSEP法中的SI法、 LM法和单参数数字滤波法（β=0.95）具有较高的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数, 且平均相对误差小于10%, 说明这些方法基流估算结果稳定可靠且精度高, 均适用于疏勒河上游流域。     

酉阳河流域典型年汛期的基流分割研究

基流分割是水文学研究中的重难点问题之一,目前基流分割也存在许多方法。基于酉阳河典型年汛期实测日平均流量资料,分别采用Chapman-Maxwell改进方程数字滤波法一次滤波(参数N=1)以及二次滤波(参数N=2)、BFI(f)法、HYSEP固定步长法、HYSEP滑动步长法、HYSEP局部最小值法进行基流分割并对其结果进行分析对比。研究结果表明:不同方法下得到的基流分割线各不相同,各年份基流指数的统计特征也存在一定差异,采用Chapman-Maxwell改进方程数字滤波法二次滤波得到的基流成果更符合基流的一般特征以及酉阳河流域的降水径流关系特点。     

河西走廊内陆河上游山区基流分割方法适用性与基流特征分析

基流是河西走廊内陆河流域径流的重要补给来源,对维持径流稳定具有重要作用。基流分割方法众多,其中数字滤波法在实际操作中具有简单易用和可重复性强的特点,因而被广泛应用于基流分割研究。本文以河西走廊三大内陆河流域（黑河、石羊河、疏勒河）山区为研究区域,选取4种数字滤波方法（Lyne-Hollick法、Chapman法、Chapman-Maxwell法和Eckhardt法）对研究区内14条河流的最佳基流分割参数进行评价,并对基流特征进行分析。结果表明：Eckhardt法在四种滤波方法中评价最好,是河西走廊内陆河流域基流分割的一种有效方法。在1965—2018年,河西走廊内陆河流域年基流量与径流量呈现相似的线性趋势特征,但径流变化幅度较基流更大。2000年后,黑河流域山区各支流多年平均基流量较2000年以前增加1.5%～20.7%,疏勒河流域山区各支流基流量增加1.9%～54.0%,石羊河流域山区各支流多年平均值变化幅度为-14.1%～5.9%。各流域枯水年基流指数（BFI）比丰水年略高（0.003～0.027）,年内枯水季基流指数（BFI一般达到0.6以上）是丰水季的2.3～5.7倍。本文采用...     

祁连山疏勒河上游基流变化及其影响因素分析

基流是河川径流的重要组成部分,也是干旱半干旱地区最重要的枯季水文特征之一. 基流在维持河川径流和维护河流湖泊生态等方面具有重要意义. 基于祁连山疏勒河上游出山口控制水文站昌马堡站1954-2009年的日径流资料,采用递归数字滤波法和平滑最小值法对日径流进行基流分割,对比分析基流和基流指数BFI的变化特征,并从气温和降水两方面探讨基流变化的主要影响因素. 结果表明：两种方法的计算结果有差异,但平滑最小值法更适用于研究区. 疏勒河上游多年平均基流量为6.07×10⁸m³,基流变化总体上呈上升趋势,进入21世纪以后基流量增加最为显著. 研究区多年平均基流指数为0.66,基流指数的年际变化相对比较稳定,但年内波动幅度较大. 在长时间尺度上,降水是基流变化的主要影响因素,降水量的增加在一定程度上影响了基流和基流指数的变化. 在全球变暖的背景下,气温升高导致冰雪融水的增加和冻土的退化,间接的影响了基流的变化.     

黄河源区白河基流分割方法适用性分析

基流是黄河径流的重要补给来源, 对源区水资源规划和生态环境建设具有重要作用。以黄河源区白河流域为研究区, 利用唐克水文站1981 - 2015年的实测日径流资料, 采用常用的5类12种数值模拟法, 进行基流分割并比较分析其适用性。结果表明： 12种方法估算的基流指数（Baseflow index, BFI）差异明显, Lyne-Hollick滤波法计算的BFI值最大, 为0.91; 加里宁法计算的BFI值最小, 为0.39; Eckhardt滤波法的标准差和极值比最小, 稳定性最好; 加里宁法的标准差和极值比最大, 稳定性最差; 对1992年（丰水年）日径流过程进行分割, Chapman滤波法、 Chapman-Maxwell滤波法和加里宁法的基流过程线平滑缓慢, 更符合实际情况; Boughton-Chapman滤波法、 BFI法和HYSEP法基流模拟效果较好, Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数高于0.87, 决定系数接近0.9, 平均相对误差小于10%。综合比较, 认为Boughton-Chapman滤波法、 BFI法是白河流域较为适宜的基流分割手段。     

流域水文年及丰枯水期划分方法

研究流域水文年及丰、枯水期划分方法,为水文水利计算提供科学依据。通过分析流域径流变化特点,提出径流累计距平法。将该方法用于黑河上游流域,结果表明:该方法为黑河上游流域确定了合理的水文年及丰、枯水期;在不同水文年起讫日下,黑河上游流域年径流时间序列的统计特性和典型年的径流年内分配特征发生显著变化。因此,径流累计距平法可用于划分流域水文年及丰、枯水期,统一水文年划分方式对水文水利计算十分必要。     

基于霍顿下渗能力曲线的流量过程线连续分割方法研究

在用前期影响雨量代替流域蓄水量的基础上,提出了基于霍顿下渗能力曲线的流量过程线的连续分割方法.选择西峡、猴子岩和东湾三个流域的降雨径流资料,采用该方法对流量过程线进行分割,并与现行的数字滤波法、非线性水库法和Boussinesq方程法相比较.结果表明,该方法具有一定的物理基础、符合产汇流基本规律,而且能够减少涨洪段流量过程线分割的主观性,对于流域时段单位线和降雨径流关系的推求均有重要的意义.     

运用频率计算河川基流量方法研究

河川基流量是水文水利分析计算、水资源评价、洪水分析、地下水径流特性分析中的重要内容。国内外河川基流量分割方法很多,不同方法的分割结果也不尽相同。通过对甘肃黄河流域洮河水系4个水文站,长江流域白龙江水系2个水文站、内陆河流域黑河水系3个水文站共计9站的1980～2000年20a的实测资料运用滤波算法对基流进行切割,根据年径流量运用PⅢ型曲线查出频率,再根据频率与基流建立模型,得到河川基流量计算的简便实用方法,提高山丘区地下水资源量评价的效率,细化水资源评价结果,便于推广使用。     

数字滤波法在三峡库区香溪河流域基流分割中的应用

三峡水库蓄水后,库区来流水质水量变化备受关注。基流分割在降雨-产流模型,水资源配置,点源和非点源污染解析中有重要意义。本文探讨了数字滤波原理,并以三峡库区香溪河流域为研究对象,利用数字滤波法对流域径流总量进行基流分割,分析滤波方程的参数和次数对基流分割结果的影响。结果表明滤波参数β越大,次数越多,分割得到的基流越小。同时将数字滤波法与平滑最小值法基流分割结果进行对比研究,以最小平滑值法为基准,结合香溪河流域特征,数字滤波法中滤波参数β取值0.925时,采用正-反-正三次滤波的基流分割结果最为恰当。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)