矿产预测中空间地质结构的定量类比--单元簇的概念及其应用

在矿产预测中应用类比方法 ,不仅应比较不同地段地质标志数量的大小 ,也应比较各种地质标志的空间分布 ,为此提出了“单元簇”的概念 .单元簇是以一个具一定含矿性类型的单元为中心、有确定空间关系的一组单元 ,它反映一个地段的地质结构 .论述了单元簇建模和预测方法 ,以新疆东部铁矿预测的实例说明了其良好的应用效果     

基于地质异常的"5P"找矿地段的定量圈定与评价

根据其规模,地质异常被划分为全球性地质异常、区域地质异常、局部地质异常和显微地质异常.不同尺度的地质异常对不同等级的矿产资源域(体)具有对应控制关系.即全球性地质异常控制洲际成矿域的分布,区域地质异常控制成矿省的分布,局部地质异常控制矿田、矿床和矿体的分布,查明这种对应控制关系是地质异常矿体定位的前提;显微地质异常是矿体空间定位的标志.基于地质异常致矿理论提出的"5P"找矿地段是成矿可能地段(Probableore-formingarea)、找矿可行地段(Permissiveore-findingarea)、找矿有利地段(Preferableore-findingarea)、矿产资源体潜在地段(Potentialmineralresourcearea)和矿体远景地段(Perspectiveorebodyarea)."5P"找矿地段概念及其定量圈定与评价方法是对矿产勘查全过程的系统概括.以山东省鲁西隆起区金矿系统定量勘查评价为例阐明了上述地段的定量圈定及评价方法.     

矿产预测中空间地质结构的定量类比：单元簇的概 …

在矿产预测中应用类比方法,不仅应比较不同地段地质标志数量的大小,也应比较各种地质标志的空间分布,为此提出了“单元簇”的概念,单元簇是以一个具一定含矿性类型的单元为中心有确定空间关系后一组单元,它反映一个地段的地质结构,论述了单元簇建模的预测方法,以新疆东部铁矿预测啤实例服其良好的应用效果。     

金矿中的黄铁矿标型特征

黄铁矿是金矿中最常见的金属矿物,它不仅与金的矿化有着密切联系,而且还是主要的载金矿物.通过对黄铁矿的形态、物性、主成分及微量元素等标型特征的研究,可反映金矿床的不同成因,也是预测成矿远景地段、指导深部找矿的有效方法之一.文章对黄铁矿在金矿中的标型特征进行了归纳总结,以期对金矿床的勘探有一定的指导意义.     

秦岭地区铅锌铜矿产区域分布与影像构造关系

本文从遥感地质角度,讨论了秦岭铅锌铜等多金属矿产的区域分布与影像构造的关系,秦岭区域的“三带三环”的影像构造格局中,北东东、北东和北西向线性构造与次级环形影像构造密集交汇地段,通常是反映区内主要的铅锌铜矿产的分布地段,而且不同矿种类型与不同的影像构造单之有关。这种特点,对于分析区域成矿远景,是值得注视的     

西安市城市灰尘微量元素环境异常研究

通过对西安市城市灰尘中部分微量元素背景值和富集程度的研究,圈定了环境异常区.对各异常区元素特点进行分析,指出异常区城市灰尘中主要污染元素为Hg、Ag、Sb、Zn,其余元素在不同异常地段也有不同程度的富集.在此基础上,分别对不同异常地段中微量元素的分布状况作了评价.      

青海大坂山地区水系沉积物测量元素组合分区

采用R型因子分析方法,对大坂山地区水系沉积物地球化学测量所取得的数据进行了统计处理,提取了具有代表性的6种因子组合类型,并利用各因子组合得分值进行了地球化学分区,制作了元素组合分区图,由此将工作区内全部水系沉积物样品所反映的地球化学统计信息以区块的形式反映在一幅图中,通过对该图的判读分析,不仅反映了不同地段中以相应元素组合类型为主的地球化学异常和其地质成因信息,也揭示出相应元素的背景含量特征,为从整体上认识该区地质、地球化学成矿特征提供了简明、清晰的参考资料.     

长白山地区杂填土地段嵌岩桩施工技术

杂填土地段填土成分复杂,土层松散,力学强度低,桩基施工难度较大,尤其是填土时间较短的地段。以长白山地区杂填土地段施工钻孔灌注桩为实例,分析了不同成孔方法的适用情况,最后选择冲击钻进成孔。介绍了施工工艺、施工难点和应对措施、泥浆处理等,阐述了在厚层杂填土地段嵌岩桩的施工技术。     

珊瑚钨锡矿床的热释卤素地球化学异常特征

珊瑚钨锡矿床地表岩石和土壤以及近矿围岩中均有明显的热释卤素地球化学异常,其卤素谱线具有多峰特征,卤素元素组合等,均反映了钨锡矿床的不同类型.在综合研究热释卤素地球化学异常特征基础上,建立了珊瑚钨锡矿床热释卤素地球化学异常模式,并对交椅岭地段进行了成矿预测,证明热释卤素法找矿是有效的.     

辽东地区硼矿床成矿预测

<正> 我国沉积变质再造型硼矿床集中分布在辽宁的营口—宽甸地区和吉林通化地区。本文以上述地区的岩相古地理、控矿构造、混合岩化作用诸因素分析为基础,应用地质学与数学地质方法进行区域性的成矿预测,圈定成矿远景区和有利成矿地段。     

Stability assessment and risk analysis of aboveground river in lower Yellow River

Although the Chinese people have, through continuous efforts, built the constantly improving Yellow River flood control system, and created a miracle which has been tranquil for over 50 years, the tendency for the downstream watercourse of the Yellow River to uplift every year has not been fundamentally curbed, and the aboveground river is still the “scourge” of the sons and daughters of the Yellow River. By the use of a variety of modern investigation and survey methods, the geological environment characteristics of the downstream of the Yellow River have been identified basically, including the environmental and geological factors affecting the stability of aboveground rivercourse of the lower Yellow River such as the active fracture of the lower Yellow River, crustal uplift, land subsidence, seismic activity, geological conditions of dike foundation engineering, hydrodynamic conditions of rivers, and geomorphology of watercourses. After a comprehensive analysis of the inability mode of aboveground river on the downstream of the Yellow River and its corresponding impact factors, by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, we have evaluated the crustal stability of the aboveground river, dike foundation stability, watercourse landform stability and overall stability. The results of comprehensive results show that the stability of downstream aboveground rivercourse of the Yellow River can be divided into four grades and 11 sections, i e. “basically stable, unstable, very unstable and extremely unstable”. On the basis of the stability segmentation, we consider the influence of integrally the future structural faults, earthquakes, the difference of watercourse between forward and backward heights of dikes, river regime and river type, historical crevasses, foundation soil liquefaction and seepage deformation, and find out 17 most unstable danger points. Finally, from 17 danger points, we select 7 danger points which are most prone to instability including Wuzhi, Zhongmou, Kaifeng, Fengqiu, Dongming, Changyuan and Dong’e. The calculation and analysis of the range and area inundated by 7 danger points, area, and number of people threatened, possible economic loss, and environmental damage, the inability caused by any one of 7 points could bring disastrous consequences to the downstream.     

Composition, mineral assemblages, and genesis of serendibite-bearing magnesian skarns

Variations in the composition and mineral assemblages of boronaluminosilciates (serendibite, grandidierite, kornerupine, and tourmaline) were studied in the abyssal and hypabyssal skarns of New York and California, United States, the Taezhnyi deposit of southern Yakutia, and deposits of the Pamirs, and compared to their occurrences around the world. The genesis of the boronaluminosilicates depends on the facies of the replaced skarns and the calcareous-skarn alteration of the primary composition of the host rocks. The substitution between Mg and Fe, as well as between Al, Si, and B, was studied in complex boronaluminosilciates and associated minerals. It was shown that f of serendibite is determined by that in the replaced skarn minerals (pyroxenes, spinel, sapphirine, and grandidierite) and is inherited in the replacing tourmaline and late silicates. Unlike serendibite, kornerupine is a typomorphic mineral of only bimetasomatic skarns of the abyssal facies. Serendibite, grandidierite, kornerupine, and tourmaline crystallized during the postmagmatic stage of the evolution of boron mineralization at skarn deposits of both the abyssal and the hypabyssal facies, at contact with magnesian carbonate sequences and desilicified aluminosilicate rocks.     

特提斯构造域东段叠合盆地演化和油气成藏规律特征初论

通过分析特提斯构造域东段区域地质和含油气盆地勘探开发基础数据,从板块构造演化入手,系统编制特提斯构造域东段沉积构造演化剖面图和生储盖组合剖面图,研究盆地演化阶段、叠合特征、油气成藏条件及油气藏类型,揭示中亚和中国西部前陆盆地演化和油气富集规律异同。研究表明：古亚洲洋、古特提斯洋和新特提斯洋控制了特提斯构造域东段的区域构造分带、盆地演化、盆地类型及油气成藏模式。根据古洋壳缝合线可分为北、中、南3个构造带,古生代以来多期微板块的拼贴,导致特提斯构造域东段含油气盆地演化分为3个演化阶段,早古生代伸展、晚古生代挤压、早中生代伸展和新生代挤压构造作用控制了研究区盆地的叠合演化,发育下古生界、上古生界和中生界3套区域分布的优质烃源岩和下古生界、上古生界、中生界和新生界4套储盖组合,形成多种类型的油气藏。     

太平洋北部铁锰结核富集区沉积物的元素地球化学特征

本文对太平洋北部铁锰结核富集区沉积物的元素地球化学作了较为详细的研究。因子分析提供的信息表明,元素的分布主要受三个因子控制:（1）粘土及Fe、Mn氧化物水化物胶体的吸附作用;（2）生物化学作用过程有关的自生沉积作用;（3）海底页岩风化及附近海区的火山喷发作用。元素的来源:（1）Fe、Mn、Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Cr、Cr、Mg、Al、Ti、K共生,主要来自粘土吸附;（2）C_有机、N、Sr、Na及Si、Ca、Sr主要来自生物化学过程沉积;（3）Pb主要来源于岩石碎屑（火山喷发碎屑）。     

数字孪生流域: 未来流域治理管理的新基建新范式

数字孪生流域是数字孪生地球的重要组成部分, 厘清数字孪生流域理论定义和内涵是研究和建设数字孪生流域的前提和基础, 对流域智慧化治理管理具有重要意义。本文基于数字孪生理论技术, 开展了以下研究: ①给出了数字孪生流域的定义, 认为数字孪生流域是以服务流域全生命周期管理的全量数据和领域知识驱动物理流域和虚拟流域交互映射、共智进化、虚实融合的新基建新范式, 并辨析了与传统建模仿真的区别。②数字孪生流域内涵是通过"由实入虚"、"以虚映实"和"由虚控实"实现物理流域对象的全生命周期管控, 特征包括高度保真、演化自治、实时同步、闭环互动和共生进化。③数字孪生流域基本模型由物理流域、虚拟流域、实时连接交互、数字赋能服务、孪生流域数据和孪生流域知识组成, 其核心能力包括物理流域感知操控、全要素数字化表达、实景可视动态呈现、流域数据融合供给、流域知识融合供给、流域模拟仿真推演及孪生自主学习优化。④提出数字孪生流域要解决的关键科学问题和关键技术体系, 并从感知网、数据网、知识网、模型网及服务网展望了数字孪生流域发展方向, 阐述了数字孪生流域的赋能领域。本文旨在通过数字孪生流域理论新型研究范式为数字孪生流域技术应用落地提供理论指导, 对未来智慧流域研究和数字技术在流域治理管理中的应用提供有益的启发与借鉴。     

Indicative features of placer gold for the prediction of the formation types of gold deposits (east of the Siberian Platform)

Prediction and search for gold deposits in the east of the Siberian Platform are problematic because the study area is overlain by a thick cover of MZ-KZ deposits. Search for gold deposits by the largest geological institutions using conventional methods have not yielded positive results, because the main attention was focused on the discovery of ancient gold-bearing conglomerates of the Witwatersrand type and on the evaluation of the gold ore potential of basic magmatism. Typomorphism of placer gold bears huge information about the genesis of native gold, both its primary endogenous origin and its exogenous transformation, which makes it possible to identify the formation type of mineralization, increases the reliability of the prediction of gold deposits, and ensures their purposeful search in the platform areas. The revealed indicative features of placer gold made it possible to substantiate the formation of the gold ore sources of Precambrian low-sulfide gold-quartz, gold-iron-quartzite, porphyry gold-copper, and gold-PGE mineralization and Mesozoic gold-silver, gold-rare-metal, and gold-sulfide-quartz mineralization in the east of the Siberian Platform. We have established that high-fineness placer gold with microinclusions of pyrite, arsenopyrite, quartz, and carbonates with recrystallized structures and lines of plastic deformation is specific to the ore sources of low-sulfide gold-quartz mineralization. A high content of Cu (up to 4%) in flaky high-fineness gold is one of indicators of porphyry gold-copper mineralization. The angular shape of gold grains, the fine fraction and high fineness of gold, its completely recrystallized and regrown internal structure, and the permanent presence of Fe, Bi, and Cu microimpurities and hematite, ilmenite, and corundum microinclusions are typical of gold-iron-quartzite mineralization. Flaky and laminated high-fineness gold particles with steady Pt, Pd, and Ni impurities and Pt-mineral phases and Au-Pt intergrowths in them testify to the ore sources of gold-PGE mineralization. Laminated and cloddy gold fractions of > 0.25-2.0 mm, the medium and low fineness of gold, its single-crystal or, sometimes, porous internal structure, the wide range of microimpurities (Pb, Zn, As, Sb, Cu, Te, etc.), and microinclusions of native Ag, adularia, Sr-barite, and calcite are indicators of gold-silver mineralization. Laminated, dendritic, and cloddy-angular gold grains, wide variation in gold fineness (307-950‰), and the presence of microinclusions of native bismuth, maldonite, arsenopyrite, and silver tellurides are indicative of gold-rare-metal mineralization. Laminated and cloddy gold grains, their size varying from dust to > 0.25 mm, their mono- and coarse-grained internal structure, wide variation in gold fineness (600-900‰), and the presence of Hg microimpurities (up to 6% and more) and microinclusions of quartz, calcite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, tellurides, selenides, and REE phosphates point to gold-sulfide-quartz mineralization. The established placer gold indicators of the particular formation types of ore sources in the east of the Siberian Platform made it possible to predict Precambrian gold deposits with low-sulfide-gold-quartz mineralization similar to the Kirkland Lake and Porcupine mines and gold deposits with Mesozoic gold-silver mineralization similar to the Cripple Creek mine. The developed criteria for determining the types of mineralization by indicative features of placer gold give an insight into the ore genesis and can be successfully applied to prediction and search for gold deposits and to evaluation of their gold resources.     

生态补偿的研究进展及其启示

生态系统服务付费是以保护和可持续利用生态系统服务为目的,以经济手段为主调节相关者利益关系的制度安排,是以保护生态环境、促进人与自然和谐发展为目的,根据生态系统服务价值、生态保护成本、发展机会成本,运用政府和市场手段,调节生态保护利益相关者之间利益关系的公共制度.在对国内外生态补偿的概念、内涵和基本问题等理论阐述的基础上...     

银额盆地哈日凹陷多类型油气藏共生特征及其成藏机理

近年来,银根—额济纳旗盆地哈日凹陷发现了多种类型油气藏,证实其有较好的油气勘探前景,但该凹陷油气地质条件极为复杂,特别是对多类型油气藏的共生特征及其成藏机理认识不足,限制了对油气分布规律的科学预测,制约了油气勘探的进程.基于对各类型油气藏的剖析,探讨多类型油气藏共生特征及其成藏机理,预测油气分布,分析勘探方向,以期为该...     

尹赞勋教授科研五十年

尹赞勋教授是我国著名的地质学家和古生物学家,他于1927年在法国里昂大学毕业后,主要从事古生物学和地层学的调查研究。从三十年代中期至今,经常担任学术性和行政性领导工作。     

冈底斯岩浆弧的形成与演化

位于青藏高原南部的冈底斯岩浆弧是新特提斯大洋岩石圈长期俯冲导致的中生代岩浆作用的产物,而且在印度与亚洲大陆碰撞过程中叠加了强烈的新生代岩浆作用,是世界上典型的复合型大陆岩浆弧,也是研究增生与碰撞造山作用和大陆地壳生长与再造的天然实验室。基于岩浆、变质和成矿作用研究成果,我们将冈底斯弧的形成与演化历史划分5期,即新特提斯洋早期俯冲、新特提斯洋中脊俯冲、新特提斯洋晚期俯冲、印度-亚洲大陆碰撞和后碰撞期。第1期发生在晚白垩世之前,是以新特提斯洋岩石圈的长期俯冲、地幔楔部分熔融形成钙碱性弧岩浆岩为特征。长期的幔源岩浆作用导致了整个冈底斯弧发生显著的新生地壳生长,并在岩浆弧西部形成了一个大型的与俯冲相关的斑岩型铜矿。第2期发生在晚白垩世,活动的新特提斯洋中脊发生俯冲,软流软圈沿板片窗上涌,使上升的软流圈、地幔楔和俯冲洋壳发生部分熔融,导致了强烈的幔源岩浆作用和显著的新生地壳生长与加厚,并以不同类型和不同成分岩浆岩的同时发育和伴随的高温变质作用为特征。第3期发生在晚白垩世晚期,为新特提斯洋脊俯冲后残余大洋岩石圈的俯冲期,以正常的弧型岩浆作用为特征。第4期发生在古新世至中始新世,伴随印度与亚洲大陆的碰撞,俯冲的新特提斯洋岩石圈回转和断离引起软流圈上涌,诱发了强烈的幔源岩浆作用。在此阶段,大陆碰撞导致的地壳挤压缩短和幔源岩浆的底侵与增生,使冈底斯弧经历了显著的地壳生长和加厚,新生和古老加厚下地壳的高压、高温变质和部分熔融,幔源和壳源岩浆岩的共生和强烈的岩浆混合。所形成的I型花岗岩大多继承了新生地壳弧型岩浆岩的化学成分,并多显出埃达克岩的地球化学特征。在岩浆弧北部形成了一系列与起源于古老地壳花岗岩相关的Pb-Zn矿床。第5期发生在晚渐新世到早-中中新世的后碰撞挤压过程中,以地壳的继续加厚,加厚下地壳的高温变质、部分熔融和埃达克质岩石的形成为特征。在岩浆弧东段南部形成了一系列与起源于新生加厚下地壳埃达克质岩石相关的斑岩型Cu-Au-Mo矿。冈底斯带的多期岩浆、变质与成矿作用为其从新特提斯洋俯冲到印度-亚洲大陆碰撞的构造演化提供了重要限定。