阿尔泰造山带南缘金矿流体及其动力学分析

根据阿尔泰造山带南缘阿克提什坎、库马苏、塔斯比格、多拉纳萨依、阿克希克等十多个金矿区流体包裹体研究,含金石英脉中流体包裹体为液相、气相及多相包裹体。一般为5～8μm,形态呈不规则状、椭圆形和滴水状等。主成矿阶段温度变化范围在200～330℃。包裹体气相成分以CO、H2O、CO2、CH4为主,CO含量大于H2O。根据包裹体气相成分,岩金矿分为两类,一为CO2大于CO,集中于弧后盆     

安徽定远小庙山金矿床流体包裹体研究

小庙山金矿床原生流体包裹体分为4种类型:富气相的两相水溶液包裹体、富液相的两相水溶液包裹体、含CO2三相水溶液包裹体和含子矿物的三相水溶液包裹体,均一温度变化于133～378℃之间,峰值区间分别为180～200℃和220～260℃;盐度介于0.2%～44.6%之间,峰值区间为3%～6%。激光拉曼分析显示,流体包裹体的气相成分主要为CO2、H2O及少量CH4;包裹体群分析显示,成矿流体气相成分主要为CO2、N2、H2O、CH4、C2H2和C2H6,液相成分主要为Na+、K+、Ca2+、F-、Cl-、NO3-和SO42-,其中K+/Na+为1.55～2.75,F-/Cl-为0.02～0.03。矿化石英脉中,流体的δ18OH2O值介于-2.39‰～2.14‰之间,δDH2O值介于-51.2‰～-45.9‰之间,表明成矿流体主要来自岩浆,后期混入大气降水。依据成矿地质背景和矿区内成矿流体的地球化学及同位素资料,认为近南北向断裂是成矿流体运移通道和金富集沉淀的场所。在断裂破碎带中,高温高盐度成矿流体与大气降水混合,引起成矿流体的温度和盐度降低,压力变小,使得流体中的金沉淀成矿。     

临清坳陷德南洼陷含油气性的流体包裹体分析

应用流体包裹体观察和激光拉曼探针等微观技术对临清坳陷东北部的德南洼陷流体包裹体特征及成分、压力等物理化学条件的研究表明,研究区共有6种类型的包裹体:单相盐水包裹体、富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体、含液态CO2三相包裹体、富液态烃有机包裹体、富气态烃有机包裹体,其中富液态烃有机包裹体的均一温度为100～140°C的较多.包裹体的液相成分主要为H2O和Cl-,气相成分主要为CO2、CH4以及微量的C2H6等,包裹体成分研究结果表明在古近系和新近系中主要为未成熟-低成熟的液态烃流体活动;在古生界及部分上部层段中主要为成熟、高成熟的气态烃流体活动.根据盐水溶液包裹体的均一温度和冷冻温度计算得出研究区的流体压力为10～95 MPa,其中,在烃类流体大量排出运移时期经历过压力由突破到释放的过程;初步评价了区内的油气有利远景区.     

内蒙古浩尧尔忽洞金矿床流体包裹体特征

成矿流体来源与矿床成因的关系一直是矿床学研究的重点与难点。通过流体包裹体显微测温、原位激光拉曼光谱分析和包裹体化学成分分析,对浩尧尔忽洞金矿床成矿流体进行了较系统的研究。测试结果表明:该矿床石英中流体包裹体分为气液包裹体、气体包裹体、纯气体包裹体和纯液相包裹体四类。大部分流体包裹体均一为液相,少量气体包裹体均一为气相。伟晶岩脉石英流体包裹体均一温度峰值260～340℃,炭质板岩内含矿石英细脉内石英流体包裹体均一温度峰值260～380℃。石英流体包裹体气相成分为H2O、CO2、CH4、N2和C2H6,液相成分为Cl-、SO2-4、Na+、K+、Mg2+和Ca2+。炭质板岩中石英流体包裹体的氢氧同位素(δD H2O=-96.20‰～-82.80‰,δ18O H2O=3.97‰～7.93‰)靠近原生岩浆水。认为浩尧尔忽洞金矿床成矿与海西期岩浆活动有关,属中高温低压浅成热液矿床。     

气相色谱联机法测定矿物包裹体中的气体成分

本文提出了气相色谱联机测定矿物包裹体中气体成分的方法。该法是用两台气相色谱仪串联,由样品热爆炉、双分离柱、双热导池检定器和双记录仪组成的分析系统。它不用复杂的程序升温及分离柱切换技术,一次进样就可以连续地测定矿物包裹体中H_2、O_2、N_2、CH_4、C_2H_e、CO、CO_2、H_2O等气体组分。这种测定方法的变异系数小于4％,分析矿物包裹体中气体氢的灵敏度为7×10~(-3)μg。     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床流体包裹体特征及地质意义

甲玛矿床是位于西藏冈底斯成矿带中段的超大型铜多金属矿床。成矿相关岩体和主矿体中的流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温、激光拉曼探针及扫描电镜/能谱分析结果表明:与成矿有关的流体包裹体主要有富液相、富气相和含子矿物三相包裹体;流体包裹体均一温度变化范围为225～500℃,流体盐度(w(NaCl))平均值为36.2%,成矿流体主要为一种中高温、高盐度的NaCl-H2O体系;气相成分除H2O外,富含CH4、H2S、CO2、N2等不混溶体系。CH4、C2H4、C3H6等有机质的出现,说明成矿物质形成于还原环境中。据成矿压力估算成矿深度为2.2～8.3km,流体密度平均为0.89～0.98g/cm3。结合包裹体中的氢氧同位素测试结果认为,成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水,后期有大气降水的参与。含子矿物多相包裹体与不同气相充填度的液相包裹体、气相包裹体共存,且均一温度相近,而盐度相差很大,表明成矿流体经历了沸腾作用。     

新疆-甘肃北山金矿南带的成矿流体演化和成矿机制

北山金矿南带是西北5省区规模最大的金矿带。选择北山南带的新金厂、老金厂和小西弓金矿床，在矿床地质和岩相学研究的基础上，对脉石英的流体包裹体进行了显微温度计和激光拉曼探针气体成分测定；对石英和矿石黄铁矿的包裹体H2O，CO2和CH4进行了H和C同位素组成测定，对石英和黄铁矿分别做了O和S同位素组成测定。3个金矿床的脉石英含有富CO2＋CH4、H2O溶液以及H2O-CO2＋CH4包裹体。小西弓金矿床流体包裹体的均一化温度主要介于270℃-450℃，一部分H2O溶液包裹体圈闭了高盐度流体（16．43—18．63wt．％NaCl equiv．），大部分H2O溶液包裹体和全部富CO2＋CH。包裹体代表了中-低盐度（2．8％-13．6％）流体。新金厂金矿床流体包裹体的均一化温度主要介于210℃-346℃；一部分流体包裹体圈闭了高盐度（10．98％～14％NaCl equiv．）流体，一部分H2O溶液包裹体和绝大多数富CO2＋CH4包裹体圈闭了中-低盐度（2．9％-8．81％NaCl equiv．）流体。老金厂金矿床H2O溶液包裹体的均一化温度主要分布于141℃-400℃，含盐度介于1．4％-8．28％，属于中-低盐度流体。进行了大气降水-围岩^18O／^16O、D／H交换反应模拟。小西弓矿床早期硫化物-石英脉金矿成矿流体对应较高的水／岩比（=0．01—0．05），其^18O／^16O和D／H组成更受钾长花岗岩者控制，硫化物的δ^34S值也接近钾长花岗岩的黄铁矿者，指示热液流体围绕着钾长花岗岩的对流淋滤。成矿晚期，围绕着花岗岩侵入体的热液对流崩溃，矿区围岩内发育更大尺度的彼此分离的弥漫性流体渗透淋滤；相应地，小西弓矿床晚期蚀变岩金矿成矿流体的8D值对应低水／岩比（0．005-≈0．01），其δ^18O值变化范围较宽，受当地中元古界变质岩控制，蚀变岩型金矿黄铁矿的δ^34S值也接近中元古界长英质片岩的黄铁矿者。新金厂金矿和老金厂金矿成矿流体的δD值和δ^18O值对应的水／岩值分别介于0．004—0．01和0．007～0．02，与岩浆流体或者下二叠统哲斯群辉绿岩和英安岩围岩具有更密切的关系。新金厂金矿和老金厂金矿黄铁矿样品的δ^34S值介于-2．58‰和-6．32‰，指示S来源于下二叠统哲斯群辉绿岩、英安岩和碳质板岩围岩。3个金矿的石英包裹体CO2（δ^13C=-2．20‰--9．14‰），以及石英和黄铁矿包裹体CH4（δ^13C=013．10‰--27．40‰）不平衡；前者来源于幔源岩浆去气，后者来源于哲斯群碳质板岩或者中元古界长英质片岩中的还原碳。3个金矿黄铁矿包裹体的CO（δ^13C=-10．79‰--23．62‰）主要来源于哲斯群碳质板岩或中元古界长英质片岩中的还原碳，但是，也混合了较少的岩浆CO2。包裹体CO2和CH4δ^13C值的系统变化，也反映了从岩浆侵位和去气、流体对流，到围岩中流体大面积弥漫性渗透淋滤的演化过程。CH4介入成矿流体，导致流体不混溶和金的沉淀。北山金矿南带的形成既不同于典型的造山带型金矿床，也不同于与侵入岩有关的金矿床。我们提出北山金矿南带的成矿模式为：岩浆去气和流体对流、岩石挤压破碎、流体弥漫性渗透淋滤。     

豫西萑香洼金矿床成矿机制探讨：流体包裹体和稳定同位素证据

萑香洼金矿位于华北陆块南缘熊耳山地区，是大型的构造蚀变岩- 石英脉复合型金矿床。该矿床热液成矿作用经历了4个阶段：黄铁矿- 石英阶段（Ⅰ）、石英- 黄铁矿阶段（Ⅱ）、石英- 多金属硫化物阶段（Ⅲ）和碳酸盐阶段（Ⅳ）。为查明成矿流体的类型、性质、演化特征及成矿物质来源，对脉石英流体包裹体进行了系统的显微测温、成分及H、O、S同位素测试分析，在此基础上，探讨了成矿机制。研究结果表明，第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段主要发育CO 2- H 2O- NaCl型包裹体和NaCl- H 2O型包裹体，以富液相包裹体为主，同时发育少量富气相包裹体，第Ⅳ阶段仅发育NaCl- H 2O型包裹体。从早到晚，各成矿阶段包裹体的均一温度分别集中在260~320℃、220~280℃、180~240℃和120~180℃，盐度分别集中在5%~9%NaCleq、7%~12%NaCleq、5%~10%NaCleq和0%~2%NaCleq，成矿流体由早阶段的中温低盐度热液体系向晚阶段的低温低盐度热液体系演化。石英- 硫化物（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）阶段流体气相成分以H 2O、CO 2为主，含少量的H 2S、N 2、C 2H 6、CH 4、CO、H 2等，液相成分中金属阳离子以Na+为主，阴离子以SO 42-、Cl-为主；碳酸盐阶段成矿流体中多数离子含量较早阶段出现了降低。H- O同位素研究结果表明：第Ⅰ阶段至第Ⅲ阶段的成矿流体δ18O 水分别为3. 8‰~11. 9‰（均值7. 7‰）、3. 3‰~8. 2‰（均值5. 2‰）、1. 2‰，相应的δD分别为-96‰~-72‰（均值-84‰）、-98‰~-67‰（均值-87‰）、-90‰，早阶段成矿流体与岩浆热液特征相似，随着成矿作用的进行，大气降水出现一定程度的混入；萑香洼金矿δ34S的值介于-24. 2‰~0. 6‰，其中成矿早阶段未分馏的δ34S的值主要在0值附近，认为萑香洼金矿硫源与早白垩世岩浆- 热液系统或幔源流体相关，二者或参与成矿。萑香洼金矿为早白垩世区域岩石圈减薄、伸展环境下形成的“克拉通破坏型金矿床”。     

西天山阿希、京希-伊尔曼得金矿床成矿流体包裹体研究及矿化类型探讨

阿希、京希-伊尔曼得金矿床3个主成矿阶段形成的石英中的原生流体包裹体数量少、个体小，包裹体以单液相为主，气液两相者气液比小，一般为5％～10％。激光拉曼光谱成分分析显示液相成分以H2O为主，普遍含有一定量的CO2、CH4；气相中以CO2和CH4为主，含有较高的SO2和N2；一些样品中还出现了C2H4、C6H6、C1H6等有机化合物。其均一温度为90～275℃，成矿流体盐度为0～3．7ws(NaCleq)％，估算的成矿深度为0．40～0．80km左右，属于典型的浅成低温热液型金矿床。其成矿作用与强烈的次生石英岩化关系极为密切，发生了次生石英岩化矿化，形成含金次生石英岩型矿石。     

河南省大方山-葫芦峪金矿床流体包裹体研究

大方山-葫芦峪金矿区位于华北地台南缘与北秦岭造山带的衔接过渡带,矿脉赋存于构造蚀变破碎带中。矿床各成矿阶段流体包裹体主要为气液两相包裹体,通过对各阶段包裹体分析得知,主成矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度范围在197℃-305℃之间,流体包裹体盐度范围在10.98-0.88wt%NaCl 之间,包裹体气相成分中富含 H2 O 和 CO2,少量 O2和 N2,液相成分中相对富含 K＋、Na＋、Ca2＋、SO2-4、Cl-离子。流体包裹体研究表明,金矿床成矿流体为多来源的中低温流体。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

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