我国云南江城氯氧镁铝石的研究

氯氧镁铝石(Koenenite)是一种少见矿物,最初发现于德国Gottingen。后来,F.里勒(F.Rinne)、R.库恩(R.Kuhn)、H.-H.洛斯(H.-H.Lohse)、R.奥勒曼)R.Allmann)等人先后都作过报导,而在我国还是首次发现。氯氧镁铝石结构比较特殊,性质上是一个多变的矿物。     

锰方硼石的合成及其地球化学意义

一、引言锰方硼石是一种罕见的锰氯硼酸盐矿物。1957年发现于美国得克萨斯州钱伯斯(Chambers)县,1962年R.M.Honea和F.R.Beck确定其化学式为Mn_3B_7O_(13)Cl,并以产地命名为Chambersite。后来在路易斯安那州也曾发现。七十年代初,我国在河北蓟县震旦系含粉砂、泥质白云岩中首次发现一小型菱锰矿—锰方硼石矿床。苏联文献也报道在乌克兰地区有铁方硼石—锰方硼石系列的矿物产出。     

江苏某含铬镁铝榴石的宝石矿物学研究

镁铝榴石,英文名称Pyrope来自希腊语,寓意矿物呈火焰般鲜红色。自古以来,镁铝榴石宝石颇为人民所赏识和珍藏。在宝石学上,镁铝榴石宝石归属主要宝石(Major gem)类,并在世界宝石市场上一直是畅销的中档宝石品种。江苏含铬镁铝榴石宝石最早为江苏第六地质队发现,已进行很多工作。作者在此     

江苏某含铬镁铝榴石的宝石矿物学研究

镁铝榴石,英文名称Pyrope来自希腊语,寓意矿物呈火焰般鲜红色。自古以来,镁铝榴石宝石颇为人民所赏识和珍藏。在宝石学上,镁铝榴石宝石归属主要宝石(Majorgem)类,并在世界宝石市场上一直是畅销的中档宝石品种。 江苏含铬镁铝榴石宝石最早为江苏第六地质队发现,已进行很多工作。作者在此基础上,拟对其宝石矿物学特征作一报导。 一、地质产状     

羟钠镁矾在我国首次发现及其矿物学新资料

<正> 1979年4月,作者在研究青海柴达木盆地大柴旦盐湖硼矿床的物质成分时,首次在我国发现了一种含羟基的钠镁硫酸盐矿物——羟钠镁矾(uklonskovite)。羟钠镁矾是 M.H 斯留萨耶娃于1963年在苏联阿姆—达里河下游钻孔岩心中发现的新矿物,该矿物产于第三系被盐层覆盖的粘土岩空洞中,共生矿物为无水芒硝和杂卤石,上覆盐层的石膏中富含钙芒硝、白钠镁矾、杂卤石和其它硫酸盐矿物。M.H.     

新矿物彭志忠石-6H的晶体结构和晶体化学研究

彭志忠石(镁尼日利亚石)是一种新矿物,除了Sn、Al外,过去发现的尼日利亚石都是以Fe、Zn为主的,而这次在湖南安化发现的,则是镁的端元矿物。矿物为三方晶系,P_(3m1),a_0=0.5692nm,c_0=1.3782nm。晶体化学式为:Mg_2(Zn,Fe,Al)_2(Sn,Fe)_2(Al,□)_(10)O_(22)(OH)_2。在全自动X射线射仪上,收集了单晶独立衍射强度数据443点进行结构计算,R=0.10。结构中氧沿c轴成…ABCACB…紧密堆积。阳离子充填四面体和八面体部分空隙,形式为…OT_2OT_1OT_0…。最后讨论了尼日利亚石—黑铝镁铁矿—塔菲石系列矿物的晶体结构和晶体化学。     

我国金伯利岩中镁铝榴石的化学成分特征及找矿意义

镁铝榴石是金刚石的重要伴生矿物,而在许多非金伯利岩中也含有镁铝榴石,因此深入研究金伯利岩中与非金伯利岩中镁铝榴石的物理、化学特征,找出它们之间的差异进而确立金伯利岩中镁铝榴石的标型特征,对利用重砂法寻找金刚石原生矿具有重要意义。本文仅对我国已发现的金伯利岩中镁铝榴石的化学成分特征及与非金伯利岩中镁铝     

新矿物（2001．1-2001．12）

本文以表格的形式列出了经国际矿物学协会(IMA)新矿物与矿物命名委员会(CNMMN)批准、并于2001年度在各国刊物上正式发表的35种新矿物,其中硅酸盐包括水硅钡石、羟氟碳硅钛铁钡钠石、氯碳硅铁钡石、硅铁锶镧钠石、氯碳硅钡石、钾菱沸石、水硅锆钠石、斜方硅钠钡钛镧石、铈鲍利雅科夫矿、硅锆钛锶石、锶杆沸石、钒电气石;砷酸盐包括砷钠铜石、羟砷铅钴石、羟硅砷铁石、羟砷铁铜钙石、羟砷钙镍石、赛羟砷铜石;碳酸盐包括单斜羟碳汞石、羟碳铀石;硫酸盐包括羟硼钙矾石、铊明矾、斜方钒矾;硼酸盐包括氯硼锶钙石、硼铯铝铍石;钒酸盐包括水镁钒石;草酸盐包括水氯草酸钙石;磷酸盐包括羟碳磷铝钙石;硝酸盐包括单斜铜硝石;硫化物包括密硫铑矿、硫钙水铬矿;硫盐包括硫铋铜铅矿;氢氧化物包括羟铁镁锑锌矿、羟氯铬镁石;单质互化物包括副斜方砷。文中表格依次列出了矿物的中外文名称及化学式、晶系及晶胞参数、主要粉晶数据、物理性质、光学性质、产状及共生(伴生)组合等。     

宝玉石赏析(6)——石榴石

石榴石宝石是石榴石(garnet)族矿物的总称,岛状硅酸盐、等轴晶系矿物。根据其化学成分可划分成2个系列。铝质系列镁铝榴石:橙红色、红色铁铝榴石:橙红—红色、紫红—红紫色锰铝榴石:橙色—橙红色钙质系列钙铝榴石:     

苏北榴辉岩中的宝石矿物及其经济意义

一、榴辉岩中宝石矿物据报导~*,苏北榴辉岩一般由19种矿物组成(表1)。本文作者认为,该区榴辉岩中的许多矿物可作为宝石资源看待。其中最重要的宝石矿物有6种。它们是石榴石(包括镁铝榴石和铁铝榴石)、绿辉石、金红石、蓝晶石、蓝闪石、绿帘石。(一)石榴石石榴石是榴辉岩中的主要造岩矿物。其含量占岩体组分的40—62%。组分也复杂,大多为铁铝榴石与镁铝榴石。深红、橙红、粉红和浅玫瑰红色。颗粒一般较小,大者1cm 左右。玻璃光泽。硬度7.16-7.95,比重3.52-4.04。化学性质稳定。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.