基于结构体的峨眉山玄武岩风化程度评价（Ⅱ）：玄武岩斜坡地下水及浸泡液水文地球化学

岩石风化过程中的元素活动性评价除应考虑该元素在风化产物中残留与淋失状况及在淋滤液(地下水及室内浸泡液等)中的浓度外,还应考虑其在母岩中的相对含量.峨眉山玄武岩斜坡地下水及室内浸泡液中各元素原子个数比值与母岩中对应比值之间均存在显著差异,其造岩矿物的非全等溶解特征显著.综合考虑风化过程中的岩石成分变化、斜坡地下水及室内浸泡液化学成分确定的峨眉山玄武岩风化过程中的元素活动性顺序为Ca＞Na＞Mg≥Si＞K＞Fe.活动性强或惰性程度高、对风化程度变化响应敏感应成为岩石风化程度指示性元素的选择标准,Ca和Fe应成为峨眉山玄武岩风化程度评价的首选元素.     

从岩石到土壤再到水系沉积物：风化过程的岩性地球化学基因

不活动元素的稳定性使得风化岩石、土壤和水系沉积物等风化产物能够保留新鲜母岩的元素特征,它们之间的含量变化趋势有可能从母岩传递到其风化产物中,这类似于生物学中基因遗传。仿照生物学中基因的特性提出了地球化学基因的概念及其构建方法,为了比较地球化学基因的相似程度进而提出基因相似度的概念及其计算方法。以风化过程中11种不活动元素为例,基于中国酸性岩、中性岩、基性岩的元素丰度数据构建了表征岩石及其风化产物地球化学特性的岩性地球化学基因,其元素序列为：Al2O3→SiO2→P→Ti→La→Fe2O3→Th→Zr→Nb→Y→U。利用豫西熊耳山地区安山岩风化剖面、残坡积—沟系土剖面、化探详查水系沉积物和区域化探水系沉积物4种比例尺尺度的样品对构建的岩性地球化学基因进行了检验,结果发现岩性地球化学基因在风化过程中具有很好的遗传性(从岩石到风化产物)和继承性(从土壤到其源岩),利用岩性地球化学基因可以对土壤样品进行物源示踪。源自同一母岩的水系沉积物和土壤之间在岩性地球化学基因方面具有很好的相似性(同源风化产物之间)。基于中国区域化探水系沉积物调查数据,可以构建岩性地球化学基因库来对岩石及其风化产物样品进行溯源分析,在地质、环境、法庭等科学领域具有潜在应用前景。     

火山岩风化程度的厘定——以黔西晚二叠世超基性岩和基性玄武岩为例

对岩石风化强度反应敏感的化学风化指标是定量评价岩石风化程度的重要参数。评述了包括帕克风化指数(weathering index of Parker, WIP)、风化势能指数(weathering potential index, WPI)、化学蚀变指数(chemical index of alteration, CIA)等12种在以往研究中被认为适合用于岩浆岩风化程度判定的化学风化指标的优点及其局限性。引入了岩石氧化因数X_o(X_o=Fe₂O₃/(FeO+Fe₂O₃))评价火山岩的风化程度,并使用该指标评价了12种化学风化指标在评价超基性岩和基性岩风化中的适用性。在黔西晚二叠世超基性岩和基性玄武岩的实际应用中,将X_o≤0.44和X_o≤0.55作为超基性岩和基性玄武岩未遭受风化的下限,结合定性分析结果,按风化程度将两种岩石分为新鲜岩石、微风化岩石、中风化岩石、强风化岩石和全风化岩石。X_o与12种...     

黑色页岩化学风化程度指标研究

黑色页岩是一套化学组成变化大、成份分布极不均一的岩石。建立在化学组成相对均一的岩浆岩风化基础之上的化学风化指数如CIA(MIA)、CIW、CIX、PIA、STI、R、WIP、V、W等,因不能较好地把母岩化学组成变化与风化反应引起的化学变化区分开来,用于厘定黑色页岩的风化程度时,存在灵敏度低、与实际风化程度不相符等问题。故需要建立新的风化指数来厘定黑色页岩的风化程度。本文以湘中地区下寒武统新鲜和风化黑色页岩的主量元素分析为基础,利用单因素方差分析和多变量判别分析等方法,确定引起新鲜和风化黑色页岩化学组成差别的关键化学组分,并甄别其影响程度。建立影响黑色页岩风化程度的主量元素判别函数,进而构建厘定黑色页岩风化程度的化学风化指数。研究表明,引起新鲜和风化黑色页岩化学组成差别的主量元素,其影响程度依TiO_2Al_2O_3Fe_2O_3LOIMnOCaOSiO_2MgOK_2ONa_2OP_2O_5顺序而降低。以此为基础,构建厘定黑色页岩风化程度的化学风化指数为:WB=28.8×ln(SiO_2)+16.67×ln(TiO_2)+10.52×ln(Al_2O_3)+5.62×ln(Fe_2O_3)-2.01×ln(MgO)+4.10×ln(CaO)-4.24×ln(K_2O)-5.06×ln(Na_2O)+5.07×ln(LOI)-158.13。该风化指数(WB)能克服现有各风化指数的不足,适合用于厘定黑色页岩风化程度。     

岩性复杂区域水系沉积物地球化学异常下限的确定

<正>勘查地球化学数据处理,分析和综合研究,在找矿靶区圈定、成矿规律研究以及矿产资源潜力的定性、定量预测中发挥重要的作用。数据处理过程中的关键问题是地球化学背景的正确确定。传统方法基于统一的背景值,适用于地质背景相对单一的地区。而地球化学勘查区域多数比较复杂,可能出现多种岩石类型。水系沉积物是上游汇水域内岩石及其风化产物经剥蚀、搬运和迁移而形成的,由于受到复杂岩性的影响,往往表现出多个成分母体的特点(焦保全等,2009)。传统方法忽略了岩性的影响,可能会把高背景值区     

广东惠东地区离子吸附型稀土矿床地球化学特征

摘要：运用岩石地球化学方法,对广东惠东地区离子吸附型稀土矿床的地球化学特征进行研究。结果显示,风化壳中元素含量及配分特点总体上取决于母岩,但稀土元素在继承母岩稀土元素的基础上含量进一步富集,且各风化层中元素含量变化与风化作用之间具有一定相关性。WIG指数相较于CIA指数能更有效地描述风化壳风化强度,风化壳中稀土元素迁出富集与WIG指数及元素迁移系数具有一定规律性,轻稀土元素多在全风化层上部富集,而重稀土元素在全风化层下部及半风化层明显迁入富集,Ce、Eu均具明显负异常。     

香港花岗岩风化分级化学指标体系与风化壳分带

火成岩的化学风化过程实质上就是碱、碱土金属组分水解淋失与脱硅富铁铝化的地球化学过程。不同风化程度的岩石处于整个化学风化过程的不同阶段,因而具有不同的化学成分和风化度指标。笔者在对香港九龙两个地方5个钻孔共计150件不同深度、不同风化程度的样品化学全分析结果与岩土风化程度宏观判别结果的相互对比、选择和确认的基础上,建立了香港地区花岗岩风化岩土风化程度工程分级的化学指标体系。这一研究成果的提出不仅有利于提高花岗岩风化岩土工程分类的科。学性、可靠性和实用性,而且可以为风化岩土工程特性与风化作用关系研究提供理论依据。     

碳及重金属在岩石风化过程中释放规律的初步研究

岩石在风化过程中释放的碳，是全球碳循环的一个重要组成部分。对碳酸盐岩、泥质岩、花岗岩、玄武岩等母岩以及不同风化阶段和成土过程产物中无机碳的研究表明，碳都有一个从母岩中释放和又重新积累的过程。     

中国东部表层土壤磁化率特征及其指示意义

磁化率是环境磁学研究中较常用、较易获得的指标之一,但其解释和意义又最为复杂.对采自中国东部从北到南涵盖中国主要气候带的风化-成壤成因的79个表层土壤样品进行高、低频磁化率和非磁滞剩磁测试并分析其与降水量、年均温等气候参数的关系.结果表明:(1)发育于不同类型母岩的风化-成壤成因表层土壤磁学性质之间存在显著差异,各磁化率参数与气候条件参数之间的关系大不一样,在大空间尺度进行磁学与气候条件的关系研究时,必须充分考虑地质背景与母岩类型的差异.(2)发育于花岗岩的表层土壤非磁滞剩磁磁化率与年降水量和年均温间呈显著负相关关系;而发育于玄武岩的表层土壤非磁滞剩磁磁化率与年降水量呈显著正相关关系.被广泛认可的黄土-古土壤序列磁化率与成壤的关系不一定适用于大空间尺度的其他气候区域.(3)在风化-成壤过程中,磁性颗粒有变细的趋势,但降水强度增大时,一些超细颗粒较易被搬运离开原地,单一磁学参数结果难以反映气候条件及环境变化.(4)风化-成壤成因表层土壤非磁滞剩磁磁化率能较好地反映风化成因土壤的风化程度,但风化-成壤表层土壤磁学性质变化的机制特别是对相应土壤剖面的磁性矿物迁移转化有待深入研究.      

花岗岩风化程度的化学指标及微观特征对比——以香港九龙地区为例

据香港九龙3个不同工程场地取得的149件不同级别的风化花岗岩样品的化学分析结果,用统计学方法,从反映岩石风化程度的18项化学指标中选取9项进行了分析计算.对其结果及其与风化程度分级的关系的研究表明有4种指标比较理想.通过对样品微观特征的观察研究和矿物成分、微孔隙率以及综合显微岩石指标(I_p)进行了描述和定量分析,发现其中一些指标有一定相关性.这些化学指标和微观特征相关的统计值在一定程度上可定量表征花岗岩的风化程度,即:随风化作用进行,碱、碱土金属组分逐渐淋失,脱硅、富铝铁化作用逐渐加强;相应地,先是钠长石风化成高岭石,其次为云母和钾长石的风化.粘土矿物所占体积百分比随风化程度增高而变大,至残积土(Ⅵ级)时已达50%左右;I_p指标值下降,微孔隙率增高.文章综合出各个风化级别的指标变化范围及平均值供花岗岩分布区花岗岩风化野外调查和研究工作参考.     

Geochemistry of large river suspended sediments: silicate weathering or recycling tracer?

This study focuses on the major and trace element composition of suspended sediments transported by the world’s largest rivers. Its main purpose is to answer the following question: is the degree of weathering of modern river-borne particles consistent with the estimated river dissolved loads derived from silicate weathering?In agreement with the well known mobility of elements during weathering of continental rocks, we confirm that river sediments are systematically depleted in Na, K, Ba with respect to the Upper Continental Crust. For each of these mobile elements, a systematics of weathering indexes of river-borne solids is attempted. A global consistency is found between all these indexes. Important variations in weathering intensities exist. A clear dependence of weathering intensities with climate is observed for the rivers draining mostly lowlands. However, no global correlation exists between weathering intensities and climatic or relief parameters because the trend observed for lowlands is obscured by rivers draining orogenic zones. An inverse correlation between weathering intensities and suspended sediment concentrations is observed showing that the regions having the highest rates of physical denudation produce the least weathered sediments. Finally, chemical and physical weathering are compared through the use of a simple steady state model. We show that the weathering intensities of large river suspended sediments can only be reconciled with the (silicate-derived) dissolved load of rivers, by admitting that most of the continental rocks submitted to weathering in large river basins have already suffered previous weathering cycles. A simple graphical method is proposed for calculating the proportion of sedimentary recycling in large river basins. Finally, even if orogenic zones produce weakly weathered sediments, we emphasize the fact that silicate chemical weathering rates (and hence CO₂ consumption rates by silicate weathering) are greatly enhanced in mountains simply because the sediment yields in orogenic drainage basins are higher. Hence, the parameters that control chemical weathering rates would be those that control physical denudation rates.     

Chemical weathering and Rb-Sr whole rock ages

Weathered whole rock samples of five lithic units from Maine, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina were analyzed to evaluate the effect of chemical weathering on the Rb-Sr ages of the original rocks. Major element and turbidity analyses, as well as standard X-ray diffraction and petrographic studies were made on selected samples. All weathered granitic rocks are friable; several are almost saprolites. Volcanic rocks are powdery or are pitted as a result of the weathering of plagioclase phenocrysts. The weathering profiles studied all are young relative to the age of the unaltered rock. Considering the extent of weathering, however, ages of the weathered samples are remarkably close to the published ages for unaltered samples of the same units. Weathered samples have ages ranging from essentially the same as fresh samples to no more than 20% younger than the age obtained from the fresh samples. In one profile, we have attempted to quantify the extent of weathering: there is a positive correlation between our measure of the degree of weathering and per cent ‘lowering’ of the age. Weathering of plagioclase apparently has little effect on whole rock ages; ages are lowered significantly only where biotite and K-feldspar have undergone considerable alteration.     

峡东地区南华纪-寒武纪地层风化过程元素及Sr-Nd同位素演化特征及其地球化学意义

以峡东地区南华纪、震旦纪和寒武纪标准地层泥岩、冰碛泥岩、砂岩、灰岩和白云质灰岩及对应的风化土壤为研究对象, 分析了地层风化成土过程中不同元素的迁移行为, 根据剖面样品的Sr-Nd同位素组成变化, 探讨了其同位素体系的封闭性特征与应用意义.结果表明: (1) 不同岩性基岩在成土过程中的蚀变强度有明显的差异, 在相似地表条件下, 碳酸岩风化剖面的风化程度高于泥质岩和砂岩; (2) 通过对比稳定高场强Ti元素在基岩和风化剖面中的含量变化, 计算出土壤样品在风化过程中体积相对基岩发生的改变量, 进而计算出不同岩性基岩在风化过程中微量元素的绝对含量变化以探讨这些元素的活动规律.结果表明, 灰岩和白云质灰岩的风化剖面元素含量变化明显, 而在泥质岩风化过程中大多数元素保持了相对稳定, 说明沉积岩风化过程中元素的活动性特征明显地受到了原岩矿物组成的制约.风化过程中, 不同性质的元素的活动性差异明显, 其中亲硫元素(Cu、Zn、Pb、Mo) 和大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Sr、Ba) 在不同岩性的风化剖面中均表现出明显的元素含量变化, 而高场强元素(Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta) 含量则相对稳定; (3) 泥质岩风化形成的土壤层REE含量变化较小, 而碳酸岩风化土壤层REE含量发生了明显下降, 且其风化形成的土壤表现出LREE和HREE相对于MREE的富集.无论是碳酸岩或泥质岩风化形成的土壤, 均出现了明显的Eu负异常和Ce的正异常, 但在其原岩中这些异常并不存在或不明显; (4) 基岩与土壤剖面间Sr同位素组成和Rb/Sr比值存在明显差异, Rb-Sr同位素组成发生了明显的开放.所形成土壤层的Sr同位素组成受到2种因素的约束: 原岩性质和外来组成的Sr同位素比值.因此在总体上, 风化土壤的Sr同位素组成已不能代表基岩的Sr同位素组成; (5) 沉积岩风化过程中, 碳酸岩和泥质岩形成的风化土壤基本保持了原岩的Sm-Nd同位素组成特点, 由其组成所获得的Nd同位素亏损地幔模式年龄等能反映其原岩信息, 而近源沉积形成的砂岩和含砾冰碛泥岩所形成的土壤, 其Nd同位素组成则存在不同程度的改变.      

Geochemistry and geochronology of chemical weathering,Butler Hill Granite,Missouri

Major element, Rb, Sr and Sr isotope abundances were examined in an ancient (Cambrian) weathering zone in the Butler Hill Granite, Missouri. Most of the major elements behaved predictably and systematically as a result of weathering intensity. MgO and the alkalis (Na₂O and K₂O) show highly erratic variations in both fresh and weathered rocks, suggesting considerable initial heterogeneity in the composition of biotite and feldspar. Rb predictably follows the behaviour of K during weathering (showing erratic variations similar to K), whereas Sr follows Ca (decreasing steadily as a result of weathering intensity). A method is postulated to date ancient weathering episodes using Rb-Sr data from a sequence of fresh to highly weathered samples. Data from the Butler Hill Granite (1185 m.y.) lend support to the proposed dating technique but show that more detailed sampling of the most intensely weathered regions is needed to produce more accurate results in future studies.     

基于单轴压缩试验的不同风化程度花岗岩分形特征分析

风化花岗岩物理力学性质的弱化给工程稳定性带来很大影响,因此,研究不同风化程度花岗岩的破坏特性具有重要意义。利用河南五岳抽水蓄能电站库区采集的风化花岗岩,结合现场岩芯特征的定性描述及波速比定量评价指标,划分出了微、弱、强3种不同风化程度的花岗岩;对单轴压缩破坏后产生的碎屑进行质量和尺度的特征分析,在此基础上建立了碎屑分形维数值与波速比之间的对应关系,并利用MATLAB对花岗岩破坏后主破裂表面裂缝进行分形维数计算。结果表明：风化试样产生的碎屑以粗粒组为主,且随风化程度增强,粗粒组碎屑质量占比逐渐增大;强风化岩石碎屑长厚比分布范围小,块状碎屑占比低,破坏动力学特性不明显,其形状更单一,主要以板状为主;随着风化程度的降低,块状碎屑含量增多,岩石动力学破坏特征增强,碎屑分形维数随着表征风化程度波速比的增大而呈增大趋势;相较于碎屑质量、宽度和厚度,碎屑数量和长度是影响碎屑分形维数的主控因素,是反映不同风化程度花岗岩破碎分形特征的主要参量;强风化类组花岗岩表面裂缝分形随波速比变化不明显,而弱风化、微风化花岗岩的裂缝分形维数随波速比增大而呈显著增大趋势,说明其自相似程度更高,形状更复杂,而在裂缝形成过...     

微地域搬运——碳酸盐岩红色风化壳形成过程的一种方式

由于差异溶蚀作用,由碳酸盐岩强烈风化形成的红色风化壳通常表现出独特的剖面构型:风化壳发育深厚、下伏基岩面强烈起伏波动、溶沟和石牙相间展布。以黔中岩溶台地之上发育的红色风化壳——平坝剖面为例,通过宏观地质、地球化学、粒度分析以及矿物学等方法,并以邻近的两个石灰土剖面(罗吏剖面和龙洞堡剖面)作对比,对碳酸盐岩红色风化壳的形成过程进行了讨论,论证了微地域搬运是碳酸盐岩红色风化壳尤其是厚层红色风化壳形成过程的一种方式。溶沟部位的风化壳,从风化前锋向上的一定深度范围内,为原位残积风化的产物(残积层);在此深度以上的部分,为地势较高的相邻石牙部位不同风化程度的残积物的搬运堆积(堆积层),也是导致风化指标随深度呈锯齿状波动的直接原因。后者一般组成剖面的主体。风化壳的年代地层学表现为,在残积层,从风化前锋向上,风化年龄由新到老;在堆积层,从下到上,风化年龄由老到新。风化前锋是一个重要的地球化学作用场所,在这一狭窄的界面上,伴随碳酸盐矿物的快速淋失,残余酸不溶物开始了明显分解。而风化壳的后期演化是一个缓慢而长期的过程。达到重力平衡的剖面(即风化壳表面平缓、不发生微地域搬运的剖面),在由表及里的风化作用下,从地表向下的一定深度范...     

Geochemical behavior under tropical weathering of the Barama–Mazaruni greenstone belt at Omai gold mine,Guiana Shield

Mineralogical, petrographical, and geochemical studies of the weathering profile have been carried out at Omai Au mine, Guyana. The area is underlain by felsic to mafic volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Barama-Mazaruni Supergroup, part of the Paleoproterozoic greenstone belts of the Guiana Shield. Tropical rainy climate has favoured extensive lateritization processes and formation of a deeply weathered regolith. The top of the weathering profile consists of lateritic gravel or is masked by the Pleistocene continental-deltaic Berbice Formation. Mineralogical composition of regolith consists mainly of kaolinite, goethite and quartz, and subordinately sericite, feldspar, hematite, pyrite, smectite, heavy minerals, and uncommon mineral phases (nacrite, ephesite, corrensite, guyanaite). A specific feature of the weathering profile at Omai is the preservation of fresh hydrothermal pyrite in the saprolith horizon. Chemical changes during the weathering processes depend on various physicochemical and structural parameters. Consequently, the depth should not be the principal criterion for comparison purposes of the geochemical behavior within the weathering profile, but rather an index that measures the degree of supergene alteration that has affected each analyzed sample, independently of the depth of sampling. Thus, the mineralogical index of alteration (MIA) can provide more accurate information about the behavior of major and trace elements in regolith as opposed to unweathered bedrock. It can also aid in establishing a quantitative relationship between intensity of weathering and mobility (leaching or accumulation) of each element in each analyzed sample. At Omai, some major and trace elements that are commonly considered as immobile (ex: TiO₂, Zr, etc.) during weathering could become mobile in several rock types and cannot be used to calculate the mass and volume balance. In addition, due to higher “immobile element” ratios, the weathered felsic volcanic rocks plotted in identification diagrams are shifted towards more mafic rock types and a negative adjustment of ∼20 units is necessary for correct classification. In contrast, these elements could aid in defining the material source in sedimentary rocks affected by weathering. Generally, the rare-earth element (REE) patterns of the bedrock are preserved in the saprolith horizon. This can represent a potentially useful tool for geochemical exploration in tropical terrains. Strong negative Ce and Tb anomalies are displayed by weathered pillowed andesites, which are explained by the influence of the water/rock ratio.     

Weathering characterization for landslides modeling in granitoid rock masses of the Capo Vaticano promontory (Calabria,Italy)

This work focuses on developing multidisciplinary researches concerning weathering profiles related to landscape evolution of the Capo Vaticano promontory on the Calabria Tyrrhenian side (southern Italy). In this area, the tectonic uplift, occurred at least since Pleistocene, together with the Mediterranean climatic conditions, is the main cause of deep weathering and denudation processes. The latter occurred on the outcropping rocks of the crystalline-metamorphic basement, made up of weathered granitoids, in turn belonging to the Monte Poro granitoid complex (intermediate to felsic plutonic rocks covered by Cenozoic sedimentary successions). Field observations coupled to borehole explorations, geophysical surveys, and minero-petrographical analyses allowed the characterization of the granitoid outcrops typical of the studied area in terms of kind and degree of slope instability. This characterization was based on suitable correlations verified between several factors as weathering degree, elastic properties of rocks, and discontinuity features. Weathering profiles are mainly composed by rock masses varying from completely weathered rock with corestones of highly weathered rock (classes IV–V) to slightly weathered rocks (class II). The weathered rocks are involved in several landslide typologies such as debris flow (frequency 48.5%), translational slide (frequency 33.3%), and minor rock fall and rotational slide (frequency 9%). The achieved data allowed the establishment of a general correlation between weathering degree and type of slope instability. Debris flow-type instabilities are predominant on the steeper slopes, involving very poor rock masses ascribed to the shallowest portions of the weathering class IV. Translational slides are less widespread than the previous ones and often involve a mixture of soil and highly weathered rocks. Rotational slides are more frequently close to the top of the slopes, where the thicknesses of more weathered rocks increase, and involve mainly rock masses belonging to the weathering classes IV and V. Rock falls mostly occur on the vertical escarpments of the road cuts and are controlled by the characteristics of the main discontinuities. The assessment of rock mass rating and slope mass rating, based on the application of the discontinuity data, allowed respectively an evaluation of the quality of rock masses and of the susceptibility of rock slopes to failure. The comparison between the last one and the real stability conditions along the cut slopes shows a good correspondence. Finally, the geological strength index system was also applied for the estimation of rock mass properties. The achieved results give a worthy support for a better understanding of the relationship between the distribution of landslides and the geological features related to different weathering degrees. Therefore, they can provide a reliable tool to evaluate the potential stability conditions of the rock slopes in the studied area and a general reference framework for the study of weathering processes in other regions with similar geological features.     

风化过程中硒背景值的定量表征

硒是人和动物必需的微量元素,基于58件标准物质的化学风化指标和硒的认定值,采用微量元素地球化学背景值的经验方程形式拟合得到表征全国范围内硒背景值的经验方程：lgc=0822×(12-WIG/100)-1061×lg(K2O/SiO2)-2704,式中c为Se的含量(单位为μg/g),风化指标WIG的变化范围为43~1116,风化指标K2O/SiO2变化范围为0020~0137。该方程所表征的是样品因风化程度不同所呈现出的硒地球化学背景值,风化程度强的样品总体上具有较高的Se地球化学背景值。将该经验方程式在广东河台和广东南昆山两个研究区进行应用,认为寻找富硒区应当优先将风化程度较强的地区视为备选区,依据全国区域化探扫面数据可以方便地确定风化程度较强的地区。在环境质量评价中可以利用Se实测值确定足硒和富硒区,利用实测值扣除背景值获得的元素含量剩余值可以有效确定残积层土壤下伏的足硒和富硒岩石,即依据全国多目标地球化学调查数据可以有效地确定足硒和富硒地质体(残积层土壤及其下伏岩石)的分布区。广东南昆山岩体中西部的岩石应属于足硒和富硒地质体。