第22周中最强烈的太阳活动区

本文根据观测资料，选取五个指标：活动区中黑子群面积，Ｘ级Ｘ射线耀斑指数，１０．７ｃｍ射电爆发峰值流量，太阳总辐射流量短期大跌落以及质子事件流量，从第２２周的３９６６个活动区中综合评估筛选出ＡＲ５３９５，ＡＲ６５５５和ＡＲ６６５９等１３个最强烈的活动区，供太阳物理和日地物理研究人员进一步研究。本文还简要分析了这１３个活动区的时空分布的不均匀性和相对集中性等特点。     

1988年2月20日事件的初步分析(英文)

通常太阳活动水平紧密相关于日面活动区的结构及其演化特征。活动区愈复杂,活动水平愈强,太阳耀斑事件的频率愈高。当然也有一些例外,一是太阳耀斑事件与黑子活动区有时并不那么密切,甚至无关,如无黑子耀斑等;二是太阳光学事件与射电微波事件之间,也没有完全的一一对应关系,有时甚至相反,如有射电事件而没有光学事件等。88年2月20日事件正是属于后一种情况,也就是显著的微波事件对立于一般水平的光学事件。利用光学资料与射电资料,发现2695与2700MHz上的每日缓变流量与4951活动区的黑子数N和改正面积A呈好的相关。特别是与改正面积同步变化(见图3),由此可见,在二波段上的缓交流量变化可归之于仅仅是4951活动区演化的贡献,而日面上其它活动区则相对稳定,从而对此事件的4951活动区进行了初步分析,提出:对日面西边缘新生发展迅速的活动区,具有极性反转、分布紧密又呈异常排列的黑子群,它们的缓变分量迅猛增长,流量谱呈A1型等特征,可作为某些耀斑事件的预测因子。     

AR5395的演化及有关日地事件的时间序列

1989年3月出现的太阳活动区5395号(以下简称AR5395)是第22太阳周峰期的一个高活动区,在其通过日面时,观测到11个X级、48个M级的X射线爆发,引起了自1961年以来最强的地磁暴。本文首先叙述AR5395过日面时的黑子群面积、射电辐射流量密度(2800MHz)及1A—8A软X射线最低值的日变化以及发生耀斑的时     

1968年9月22日日食射电观测

本文综合分析了1968年9月22日新疆日全食3.2、11.1和21厘米波长的射电观测资料,得出了射电源的流量和活动区活动性的关系、射电源辐射与谱斑及黑子的相关等观测结果。另外,从综合三个波段的资料通盘考虑了射电源流量值的误差分析、射电源的角径和高度、射电食甚、射电太阳等效半径和日面小爆发等。     

太阳质子活动区中的SVC频谱模型

根据太阳射电观测和统计分析表明,当质子活动区中3厘米的缓变分量流量密度S_3大于25sfu和它对8厘米的缓变分量流量之比S_3/S_8大于1时,活动区发生质子事件的概率很大,本文对这样的质子活动区的缓变频谱作了理论计算和解释。利用磁迥旋辐射机制计算的缓变频谱(SVC)表明:质子活动区中传导流量比宁静区中的大十倍左右,双极黑子的磁场提高了3厘米射电波的迥旋共振层,这是使S_3>25sfu的主要原因。活动区中日冕磁场梯度增大,而使3厘米的迥旋共振吸收的光厚变薄是使S_3/S-8≥1的重要原因。而正是这样的活动区有利于质子事件的产生。     

太阳22周峰年期间2545,2645MHzSpike辐射资料分析

本文简要地讨论了１９９１年１月至１２月太阳峰年期间在２５４５、２６４５ＭＨｚ上观测的５１个Ｓｐｉｋｅ辐射事件的高辐射流量、短持续时间、窄辐射带宽、快速频率漂移、准周期振荡和偏振成份快速变化等观测特征，并对这５１个Ｓｐｉｋｅ事件与光学耀斑活动区磁场强度、磁位形及活动区黑子演化类型的密切关系进行了正、反向统计，鉴于Ｓｐｉｋｅ的辐射的观测特征与统计特征与已知的太阳射电爆发类型和太阳射电成分的特征有很大的     

AR5629活动区的黑子和磁场

AR5629超级活动区,其黑子面积1989年8月14日极大的半球面积为1491,属中等大小。由一个大的主体黑子和若干卫星小黑子组成。 主体黑子从8日开始呈现弱旋涡,11日旋涡加强,至13日变为强旋涡。另外,大     

1980年11月第569号黑子群和耀斑的形态研究

本文对云台编号569黑子群(Boulder2776)80、11、1—80、11、13的黑子、磁中性线、耀斑、x射线、射电爆发等活动现象进行了描述和统计,结果表明该活动区老黑子群纵场中性线西侧新浮磁通量的发展,它的S极性区域向西老场N极区不断扩展,对该活动区一系列相似耀斑的爆发有着直接影响,并且当这些掩盖新浮磁通量的S极性黑子时对应x事件的比率增大。     

YR80—575号活动区的大黑子群

在国际太阳活动峰年期间,云南天文台观测到80—575号活动区,日面坐标S12L97,过中经日期11月11.7日,从11月5日到17日连续观测13天。 该活动区在日面通过期间,频繁地爆发耀斑,其中有一部分耀斑有强烈的x-线和短波突然中断事件相伴生。11月6日0542UT.,发生的一个X9/3B级耀斑伴生的X级x-线事件,强烈程度仅次于1978年7月11日的那次。 该活动区的形态特征之一是它的黑子群为第21太阳活动周以来面积最大的一群。它是云台80—529老活动的回归黑子群,许多新黑子在老黑子的周围浮现,从而变成一个非常复杂的FKC型黑子群,面积大,磁场梯度大,具有δ-结构。全群的平均磁场强度约为2000高斯,在几个主黑子中测量到最大磁场为3300高斯。 这个复杂的黑子群中,观测到了强烈的运动、旋转,分离,合并和黑子间的相互作用。老黑子中发现一个反常光桥,它是在两个本影合并起来时形成,而不象通常在黑子将分裂时出现。     

1986年2月4日太阳耀斑的演化研究

本文根据乌鲁木齐天文站的H_α耀斑及3.2cm射电流量观侧资料、云南天文台的黑子精细结构照相和Marshall Space Flight Center的向量磁场图,对1986年2月4日的六个耀斑的形态相关及演化联系,特别是0736UT 4B/3X大耀斑的发展过程进行了综合分析。主要结果是: 1.4日大耀斑的初始亮点和闪光相的主要形态演化,与活动区中沿中性线新浮现的强大电流/磁环系密切相关。后者的主要标志是沿中性线的长的剪切半影纤维及它两端的偶极旋涡黑子群(1_3F_3)。 2.上述大耀斑与1972年8月4日0624 UT大耀斑爆发的磁场背景及主要形态特征相似,表明两者的储能和触发机制可能相同。 3.大耀斑爆发的H_α初始亮点,双带出现,环系形成,亮物质抛射和吸收冕珥等现象同3.2cm射电流量的变化在时间上有较好的对应关系。 4.重复性的前期小耀斑爆发位置和发展趋势与大耀斑的主要形态及演化特征相似。它们相对于剪切的纵场中性线两侧的位置相近或相同。因而,可以看作上述强大电流/磁环系不稳性发展过程中的前置小爆发。     

Radio observations of the 1968 September solar eclipse

This paper summarizes the analysis of the radio observations of the solar eclipse at wavelengths 3.2, 11.1 and 21 cm in Xinjiang, on 1968 Sept. 22. From the observations, we have determined the flux densities, angular diameters and heights of the localized radio sources on the solar disk, circumstances of the radio eclipse, equivalent radius of the radio Sun and certain features of a small radio burst that occurred during the eclipse. We have also investigated the correlation between the flux density of the localized sources and the activity of the active regions, as measured by the integrated brightness of plages and the sunspot area.     

Synchronous microwave brightenings of solar active regions from RATAN-600 spectral observations

The observations of the solar radio emission on September 11, 2001, with the RATAN-600 radio telescope (southern sector) at four centimeter wavelengths (1.92, 2.24, 2.74, and 3.21 cm) revealed synchronous brightenings in solar radio sources. These were identified on the solar photosphere with active regions that were spaced up to ～10⁶ km apart (AR 9608 and AR 9616). We discuss manifestations of the possible mechanisms of synchronous brightenings in solar sources in a narrow microwave spectral band. The significant linear correlation (ρ_c = 0.84–0.92) between the relative fluxes of AR 9610 and AR 9608 at 1.92 and 2.24 cm and the significant linear correlation (ρ_c = 0.65–0.84) between the relative fluxes of AR 9606 and AR 9608 at 3.21 cm in a two-hour interval of observations are indicative of the interconnection between these active regions not only during flares and bursts, but also in the periods of their absence. This confirms the existence of a large-scale temporal component in the dynamics of the radio flux variations for these active regions. We found a difference between the temporal variations of the radio emission from the halo and the solar radio sources under consideration. The times of increase in the total solar soft X-ray (0.5–4.0 Å, 1.0–8.0 Å; GOES 8, GOES 10) flux are shown to coincide with the times of increase in the fluxes from the solar radio sources at short centimeter wavelengths.     

A study of solar radio emission in the light of Sengupta's model of coronal active regions

Daily solar radio flux at six different frequencies in dm, cm and mm wavelength regions has been studied for 182 days from December 1, 1970 to May 30, 1971. It is found that the slowly varying component of the centimeter wave emission correlates well with the physical model of the coronal active regions derived by Sengupta (Sengupta, 1971b) from which, as he showed earlier, most of the solar soft X-rays of wavelength less than 20 Å comes. It is also found that the cm wave emission is consistent with the assumption that the emitting regions are optically thin in this wavelength range.Emissions in dm and mm wavelength ranges, however, show poor correlation with the physical model of the soft X-ray emitting regions.It is concluded that the preferred regions of cm wave emission are located in the same region of solar corona from where most of the soft X-rays comes, but are different from the preferred regions of mm and dm emission.     

VERY LARGE ARRAY OBSERVATIONS OF EVOLVING NOISE STORM SOURCES ON THE SUN

The presence of coronal magnetic fields connecting active regions is inferred from decimetric observations of solar noise storms with the Very Large Array (VLA) and from soft X-ray images taken by Yohkoh. Temporal changes in the noise storms appear to be correlated with some soft X-ray bursts detected by both Yohkoh and the GOES satellite. Combined analysis of the radio and X-ray data suggests a re-arrangement of the coronal magnetic field during the onset of impulsive noise storm burst emission. On one day during the combined VLA–Yohkoh–GOES observations, two widely-separated active regions appear to be connected by a faint trans-equatorial 91 cm source as well as two distinct soft X-ray loops. The two active regions show anti-correlated fluctuations in decimetric radio emission. On another day of combined VLA–Yohkoh observations, a series of 91 cm noise storm bursts are observed along the major axis of the associated noise storm continuum. Time sequences of Yohkoh soft X-ray images show a contraction of coronal loops prior to the onset of this series of bursts and a corresponding increase in the X-ray flux in the apparent footpoint of the overarching loop containing the noise storm. These observations imply that energy from a realignment of the magnetic field is being transferred, possibly by accelerated particles, along loops connecting separated active regions on the Sun.     

10.7-cm Solar radio flux and the magnetic complexity of active regions

During sunspot cycles 20 and 21, the maximum in smoothed 10.7-cm solar radio flux occurred about 1.5 yr after the maximum smoothed sunspot number, whereas during cycles 18 and 19 no lag was observed. Thus, although 10.7-cm radio flux and Zürich suspot number are highly correlated, they are not interchangeable, especially near solar maximum. The 10.7-cm flux more closely follows the number of sunspots visible on the solar disk, while the Zürich sunspot number more closely follows the number of sunspot groups. The number of sunspots in an active region is one measure of the complexity of the magnetic structure of the region, and the coincidence in the maxima of radio flux and number of sunspots apparently reflects higher radio emission from active regions of greater magnetic complexity. The presence of a lag between sunspot-number maximum and radio-flux maximum in some cycles but not in others argues that some aspect of the average magnetic complexity near solar maximum must vary from cycle to cycle. A speculative possibility is that the radio-flux lag discriminates between long-period and short-period cycles, being another indicator that the solar cycle switches between long-period and short-period modes.Operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under contract with the National Science Foundation.     

A model of the spectrum of the slowly varying component of solar radio emission from active regions

Statistical analyses of solar radio observations have shown that proton events are likely to occur when the flux at 3 cm, S₃, of the SVC is greater than 25 sfu and when S₃/S₈ is grater than 1. A theoretical explanation of this fact is attempted in this paper. I calculated the spectrum of the SVC using the gyro-radiation emission and found that the main reason for S₃ >; 25sfu is a ten-fold increase in the conductive energy flux in the active region over the quiet region, raising the height of the gyro-resonance layer for the 3 cm emission, and that the main reason for S₃/S₈ ? 1 is an increase in the coronal magnetic field gradient in the active region, causing a decrease in the optical thickness for the gyro-resonance absorption at 3 cm. It is precisely these active regions that are most favourable for the production of proton events.     

A Search for Periodicities in F10.7 Solar Radio Flux Data

The radio frequency emission at 10.7 cm (or 2800 MHz) wavelength (considered as solar flux density) out of different possible wavelengths is usually selected to identify periodicities because of its high correlation with solar extreme ultraviolet radiation as well as its complete and long observational record other than sunspot related indices. The solar radio flux at 10.7 cm wavelength plays a very valuable role for forecasting the space weather because it is originated from lower corona and chromospheres region of the Sun. Also, solar radio flux is a magnificent indicator of major solar activity. Here in the present work the solar radio flux data from 1965 to 2014 observed at the Domimion Radio Astrophysical Observatory in Penticton, British Columbiahas been processed using Date Compensated Discrete Fourier Transform (DCDFT) to identify predominant periods within the data along with their confidence levels. Also, the multi-taper method (MTM) for periodicity analysis is used to validate the observed periods. Present investigation exhibits multiperiodicity of the time series F10.7 solar radio flux data around 27, 57, 78, 127, 157, 4096 days etc. The observed periods are also compared with the periods of MgII Index data using same algorithm as MgII Index data has 99.9% correlation with F10.7 Solar Radio Flux data. It can be observed that the MgII index data exhibits similar periodicities with very high confidence levels.Present investigation also clearly indicates that the computed results are very much confining with the results obtained in different communication for the similar data of 10.7 cm Solar Radio Flux as well as for the other solar activities.

     

Some statistical features of solar radio SVC in the rising branch of cycle 22

For the rising branch of Cycle 22, 1987 January—1989 November, we plot the daily total flux S at each of the five wavelengths 2.0, 3.4, 6.0, 10.7 and 21.2 cm against the apparent sunspot area of the dominant sunspot A_y and find that, for several large active areas, the locus is located below the average regression line, and the increase in the radio flux is insignificant compared to the increase in the sunspot area.     

Analysis of spike emission data at 2545/2645 MHz in the peak year of the 22nd solar cycle

We briefly discuss the observed features including the high flux density, short duration, narrow emission band, fast frequency drift, quasi-periodic oscillation and fast variation of polarized components, of 51 spike emission events observed at 2545/2645 MHz in the solar activity peak year, 1991 January–December, and carry out correlation analysis between these events and optical flares, magnetic field intensity and configuration of flare regions, and sunspot evolution types of active regions. In view of the fact that the observed and statistical characteristics of the spike emissions are very different from those of known types of solar radio burst and known solar radio components, we think that the spike emission in the peak years is probably a new type of radio burst excited by electron cyclotron maser instability under wave-particle resonance, or a new solar radio component.     

Variation of the solar constant connected with the coronal activity

A strong correlation was found between the dips in the total solar irradiance and the peaks in the active sunspot areas as well as in the 260 MHz coronal radio flux. This connection might indicate that Alfvén-waves, generated during the interaction of the magnetic fields of the active sunspot groups with the convection, are able to transport away part of the missing energy in the solar constant decreases. These waves can heat the solar corona above the sunspot groups. Another part of the missing energy could be re-radiated later, for example during the decay of the active regions.