山东蒙阴三个金伯利岩带金刚石的矿物学特征与对比

山东蒙阴常马庄、西峪和坡里三个金伯利岩带的金刚石含矿性存在显著差异,而三个矿带金刚石的矿物学特征是否亦存在差异还不清楚.本文整理和统计前人研究的山东蒙阴10万余粒金刚石数据,发现三个金伯利岩带金刚石的晶体颜色、粒度、晶体形态及表面形貌和包裹体等具有明显不同的特征:①51484粒常马庄金刚石以淡黄色为主,其次为无色和浅黄...     

天然金刚石平行{100}的正常生长

利用同步辐射对天然金刚石晶体进行了形貌学研究，在的完整晶体内观察到晶体以平行{100}生长为主的正常生长，而不是前人所常见的平行{111}生长。生长带方向平行于(100)、（100）和（010）、（010）。生长带分布在偏离晶体中心的曲面内。由生长带的分布与形态可以观察到晶体不同晶面生长速度具有明显差异。     

我国某地原生金刚石形态的扫描电镜研究

金刚石以其独特的晶体形态和晶面微结构区别于其它矿物,这不仅是鉴别金刚石的依据,也为研究金刚石的结晶作用、溶解作用提供一些重要的资料,更为重要的是通过对大量金刚石形态特征的对比研究可以提供金刚石来源的信息。在不同类型矿床中,金刚石的形态特征是有差异的。苏北已在多处砂矿中发现金刚石,在扫描电镜下研究这些金刚石的形态特征并与已知矿区的金刚石进行对比将有助于江苏金刚石的找矿工作。笔者在我国某金刚石矿区一岩管中收集到十二颗细粒级金刚石,通过扫描电镜观察获得其晶体形态和晶面微结构的各种扫描电镜照片,反映了该岩管中金刚石的自然形态特征,     

人造金刚石合成片中再结晶物质的空间分布

通过电子显微镜观察，发现金刚石合成片断面的再结晶物质具有分带现象，金刚石晶体出现于再结晶片－板状石墨亚带和枝状石墨亚带中，这一发现有助于深入探讨金刚石的生长条件和形成机理。     

山东金刚石晶体中氮片晶的分布特征及其表面微形貌

为研究山东蒙阴金伯利岩型金刚石晶体中氮片晶的分布特征,采用红外光谱仪对116粒宝石级金刚石晶体样品中的氮片晶进行分析,并采用微分干涉显微镜观察氮片晶在金刚石表面所具有的物理化学性质及其表面微细结构。结果表明,80.2%的金刚石样品中具有氮片晶;在个别浅褐色、八面体金刚石样品{111}面上观察到平行于[100]晶带方向的长条状蚀像,这些蚀像相互平行,大小不等。显微红外光谱对具长条状蚀像的金刚石样品{111}面的测试结果表明,该类晶体均具有较强的氮片晶的吸收峰（1359~1375cm-1）。综合浅褐色、八面体金刚石样品的红外光谱及其表面微形貌特征,推测长条状蚀像是由氮片晶的出露点受优先选择性腐蚀而致。     

人造金刚石合成片中再结晶物质的空间分布

通过电子显微镜观察，发现金刚石合成片断面的再结晶物质具有分带现象，金刚石晶体出现了再结晶片－板状石墨亚带和枝状石墨亚带中，这一发现有助于深入探讨金刚石的生长条件和形成机理。     

天然金刚石与合成金刚石的区别

本文首先介绍了一些重要的概念，这些概念对理解晶体的生长机理，以解释为什么同种类的晶体可呈现多种多样的形态是很必要的。文章接着以热动力学分析为基础，阐述子天然的和合成的金刚石在金刚石稳定区内的生长条件，以及ＣＶＤ金刚石在不稳定区内的生长条件。由于生长条件和环境相的不同，金刚石在生长过程中可发育成具有不同形态特的晶体，可据此分为三个类型。天然金刚石与两种合成金铡石的主要区别在于９１００）界面的粗糙度不     

金刚石（钻石）及钻石饰品检测

从金刚石的晶体结构和晶体形态类型,以及金刚石的物理、化学参数、体蚀象、包体成分、切工后的特征等,论述了金刚石的形成和金刚石（钻石）鉴定方法,例举了与金刚石（钻石）相似宝石的区分。     

金伯利岩中金刚石多源性标志

本文以辽宁复县等地含矿金伯利岩的实际资料为基础,从金刚石的晶体形态,表面微形貌粒级与颜色、类型以及年龄等方面综合探讨了金伯利岩中金刚石多源性标志。     

新型三角形聚晶金刚石钻头

人造金刚石聚晶体,由于具有良好的抗磨损性能及切削性能,近十多年来,在地质、石油钻探中,作为金刚石钻头、扩孔器的保径材料及软岩钻头的切削具而被广泛应用。但由于这种聚晶体呈柱状,因而也存在着许多缺点。例如作为钻头保径材料,一般柱状体母线与钻头轴线作平行镶嵌,抗磨损工作面很小,钻头使用完后绝大部分聚晶体浪费了(体积利用率仅20％左右);作为聚晶表镶钻头的切削具,其碎岩机理以研磨磨削为主,影响了钻头机械钻速。随着人造金刚石及其钻进技术的发展,人造金刚石聚晶体也有了不断的改进和提高。近年来,美国GE公司研制了一种称之为吉奥赛特(Geoset)的人造金刚石聚晶体,英国戴比尔斯金刚石研究试验室也研制出一种Sindax系列的人造金刚石聚晶,这类聚晶体呈三角形或正方形。在地质、石油钻头上的应用试验表明,钻进效果显著。我国于1983年研     

New Data on Diamond–Graphite Relationships in the Gneisses of the Kokchetav Massif (Northern Kazakhstan)

The results of studying an aggregate of graphite-and-diamond crystal in tourmaline 5 μm of the Kokchetav massif by the method of transmission electron microscopy are presented. The detail studies of the interface between the crystals of graphite and diamond have revealed the absence of disordered graphite that is detail partially graphitized diamond. Intense deformation changes in the graphite crystal occurred after it was captured by tourmaline at the regression stage, which led to considerable kinking of the graphite crystal along the a-axis. Thus, the coexistence of graphite and diamond crystals cannot be unambiguously interpreted as a product of partial diamond graphitization. Graphite could have crystallized syngenetic with a diamond crystal or at the retrograde stage in the graphite stability field.

     

Ⅰa型褐色金刚石结构缺陷的同步辐射白光形貌特征

同步辐射白光形貌术具有射线强度大、准直性好、摄谱时间短、分辨率高等特点,是无损研究晶体缺陷的有效工具．采用该方法对产自山东蒙阴、辽宁瓦房店和湖南沅江3个矿区的31颗典型金刚石样品进行了研究．白光形貌像揭示,金刚石中普遍存在晶体结构畸变的特征,并且变形程度不等,部分严重变形晶体具有异常劳埃衍射式样;其衍射斑点的形态、衬度及条纹变化反映了金刚石晶体结构变形的程度和复杂性．晶格的完整性与金刚石的褐色强度无明显相关性．该类结构缺陷与金刚石的复杂形成过程和深部保存条件有关．     

Morphology of diamonds from kimberlite pipes of the Catoca field, Angola

The paper presents new data on the morphology of more than 3200 diamond crystals from kimberlite pipes of the Catoca field located in the Lunda diamond-bearing province of northeastern Angola. The diamond crystals from particular pipes of this field differ in their morphology and their physical and mineralogical properties. Octahedrons are predominant in the morphological spectrum of crystals from the Catoca and Kamitongo pipes, indicating more favorable conditions for diamond growth and preservation in comparison with diamonds from the Kakele pipe, where rhombic dodecahedrons are prevalent. In general, morphological and other mineralogical features of diamond crystals may be used in appraisal of the diamond-bearing potential of their primary sources in northeastern Angola.     

Carbon isotopic composition of diamonds from the Archangelsk diamond province

The first data are reported on the carbon isotopic composition of diamond crystals from the Grib pipe kimberlite deposit of the Archangelsk diamond province (ADP). The δ¹³C value of the crystals ranges from ?2.79 to ?9.61‰. The isotopic composition of carbon was determined in three zoned crystals (δ¹³C of ?5.8 ?6.96 ‰, ?5.64/ ?5.85 ‰, and ?5.94/ ?5.69 ‰), two “diamond in diamond” samples (diamond inclusion with δ¹³C of ?4.05 and ?6.34 ‰ in host diamond crystals with δ¹³C of ?8.05 and ?7.54 ‰, respectively), and two samples of coated diamonds (cores with δ¹³C of ?6.98 and ?6.78‰ and coats with δ¹³C of ?7.51 and ?8.01 ‰, respectively). δ¹³C values were obtained for individual diamond crystals from bort-type aggregates (δ¹³C of ?4.24/ ?4.05 ‰, ?6.58/ ?7.48 ‰, and ?5.48/ ?6.08 ‰). Correlations were examined between the carbon isotopic composition of diamonds and their crystal morphology; the color; the concentration of nitrogen, hydrogen, and platelet defects; and mineral inclusions content. It was supposed that the observed δ¹³C variations in the crystals are most likely related to the fractionation of carbon isotopes rather than to the heterogeneity of carbon sources involved in diamond formation. The isotopic characteristics of diamonds from the Grib pipe were compared with those of previously investigated diamonds from the Lomonosov deposit. It was found that diamonds from these relatively closely spaced kimberlite fields are different; this also indicates the existence of spatially localized peculiarities of isotope fractionation in processes accompanying diamond formation.     

山东蒙阴金刚石的晶体形态和晶面特征

为探讨山东蒙阴金刚石的形成条件,研究了胜利Ⅰ号金伯利岩筒的金刚石晶面及晶形特征,结果认为金刚石的形成温度范围为１０００～１６００℃,压力范围为４０×１０８Ｐａ～５０×１０８Ｐａ。     

The relationship between the distribution of nitrogen impurity centres in diamond crystals and their internal structure and mechanism of growth

Fifty diamond crystals of different morphological types (octahedra, dodecahedroids, cubes and single tetrahexahedroid) with differing internal structures were examined using methods of cathodoluminescence (CL), anomalous birefringence and local infrared (IR) analysis. The main objective of the study was to examine the regularities of nitrogen impurity distribution in diamond with differing internal structures. Almost all the analyzed octahedra, as well as dodecahedroids with zonal structures and the blocky dodecahedroids, are characterized either by nearly isothermic growth conditions or by a decrease in formation temperature during the crystallization process. In contrast to zoned octahedra and dodecahedroids, dodecahedroids with zonal–sectorial and sectorial internal structures show a notably different distribution of nitrogen defects, with N_tot generally decreasing from crystal cores to marginal areas, and degree of nitrogen aggregation increasing in the same direction. From this, it would follow that in these crystals, the temperature of diamond formation of the outer crystal zones is approximately 40–50 °C higher than that of the inner zones. The same result (15 to 80 °C) was obtained for diamond crystals with cubic habit, which generally show a fibrous internal structure, reflecting normal mechanisms of growth. The anomalous distribution of nitrogen centres in diamond crystals that grew through the normal mechanism, with a high rate of growth and in an oversaturated medium, might point to non-equilibrium relationships between the concentrations of different nitrogen centres. It is likely that in crystals of this type, the rate of growth is higher than the rate of structural nitrogen aggregation. Thus, it appears that in these peculiar crystals of diamond we deal with non-equilibrium concentrations of nitrogen B centres and, consequently, with anomalous, non-actual diamond formation temperatures.     

郯庐深大断裂两侧主要矿产成矿特征研究

郯城—庐江深大断裂构造演化控制着东西两侧主要矿产的产布规律。有其相同的矿种，相似的矿床类型，但在其矿床规模上有所差异，郯庐深大断裂东侧产出大型的招掖型金矿床，大型东海型水晶矿，还有辽南瓦房店金刚石矿和宽甸蓝宝石矿；西侧产有大型的蒙阴型金刚石矿，大型昌乐型蓝宝石矿，也有沂南金矿床和大别山区麻城霍山紫水晶矿的分布。深入研究郯庐断裂构造演化与成矿特征，有望扩大找矿的前景。     

辽宁永宁地区含金刚石闪长质岩石显微特征及金刚石来源探讨

辽宁永宁地区发育一套闪长质火山岩，该岩石中曾选获金刚石及其指示矿物，因此成为辽宁省金刚石第Ⅳ成矿带。通过对该岩石矿物组成及其显微结构构造特征研究，表明：(1)闪长质岩石中的斑晶斜长石具有环带结构；(2)橄榄石及金云母具有多世代性，且目估橄榄石+金云母含量在10%以上，局部更为富集；(3)出现“橄榄石+金云母+石榴石”与“斜长石+辉石+角闪石”不平衡的矿物组合；(4)发现橄榄石有碎斑结构和金伯利岩角砾。初步认为，永宁地区的闪长质岩浆在上升过程中捕获了早先已形成的金伯利岩并与之发生熔融混合作用，金刚石来自于深部的金伯利岩。这一认识对该地区寻找金刚石原生矿具有启示意义。     

高强度粗颗粒金刚石的合成技术研究

在高温高压下,六方晶格的石墨转变为立方晶格的金刚石。选用灰分含量少、气孔分布均匀的T621A石墨为碳源,选择化学成分范围偏值小、杂质含量少的镍锰钴合金为触媒以及优质粉压叶腊石为传压介质,在高温、适压、长时间及其它条件下,合成高强度粗颗粒的优质金刚石取得了良好的效果。     

Find of anisotropic carbonic matter on a curve-faced diamond crystal

The study focuses on the identification and investigation of crystal-optical anisotropy phenomena observed on surfaces of a curve-faced diamond crystal found in alluvial sediments of the Lower Us’va River in Perm territory. Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy show that interference of polarized light reflected from the tetrahexahedral faces of the diamond crystal is inspired by anisotropic carbonic matter, which appears as a film with graphene or nanographite structure and about 4 nm in thickness. The data allow us to suggest the formation conditions of curve-faced diamond crystals and origin of nanocrystalline carbonic matter on their faces.