甘肃天水地区百花岩浆杂岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及其地质意义

摘〓要：[HT5K]利用阴极发光和LA ICP MS微区定年分析方法，对甘肃天水地区百花岩浆杂岩中的辉长岩进行了单颗粒锆石U Pb同位素分析。百花岩浆杂岩体主要由辉石岩—辉长（闪长）岩—闪长岩—石英闪长岩组成，构成较完整的同源岩浆演化序列，地球化学研究表明其形成于岛弧构造环境。对百花岩浆杂岩中辉长岩的LA ICP MS锆石U Pb同位素定年结果表明，其同位素年龄为(449.7±3.1)Ma（MSWD=1.9），形成于晚奥陶世，表明西秦岭北带岛弧型岩浆岩的形成时代为晚奥陶世，结合区域地质资料，揭示出以西秦岭北缘关子镇蛇绿岩为代表的古洋盆的俯冲作用及产生岛弧型岩浆活动的时限为中晚奥陶世。      

秦岭-祁连结合部位早古生代埃达克岩的发现及其造山作用意义

阎家店闪长岩体位于北祁连造山带东段,是秦-祁构造结合部位最大的早古生代复合闪长岩体,主要岩性为石英闪长岩-闪长岩。早期研究显示阎家店闪长岩体北部样品的测年结果为~440Ma,是以红土堡基性火山岩为代表的弧间裂谷(或初始弧后盆地)在中晚奥陶世向北俯冲形成的岛弧侵入岩体。区域资料显示阎家店闪长岩自北向南岩体逐渐发育平行定向构造,具有糜棱结构,片麻状构造。南部糜棱岩化闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示其形成于418±3.2Ma。主微量元素地球化学特征显示其与埃达克岩地球化学特征一致,具有高Si O2,Al2O3,Na2O和Sr,低Yb和Y以及高Sr/Y和(La/Yb)N比值,无或微弱的Eu异常。低Na/K,Nb/U和Ce/Pb比值以及负的εHf(t)值表明阎家店闪长岩体主要起源于壳源物质的部分熔融。较高的Y/Yb和Ho/Yb以及Nb/Ta暗示其源岩已经转变为榴辉岩相物质。高密度的榴辉岩相基性下地壳由于重力不稳定性拆沉进入地幔,受地幔橄榄岩交代导致了阎家店闪长岩体南部样品的高Mg O含量以及Mg#。因此,自~440Ma至~418Ma秦岭-祁连结合部位的地壳在不断地加厚,~418Ma的阎家店闪长岩形成于俯冲后碰撞造山阶段,其动力学背景和时限与北祁连构造带一致。     

西秦岭天水地区岛弧型基性岩浆杂岩的地球化学特征及形成时代

天水地区关子镇流水沟变质中基性岩浆杂岩主要由变质辉长岩—辉长闪长岩—闪长岩组成,百花变质岩浆杂岩主要由辉石岩—辉长(闪长)岩—闪长岩—石英闪长岩组成,构成较完整的同源岩浆演化序列。基性—中基性岩浆岩的地球化学特征表明其属于拉斑玄武岩系列,稀土元素分布型式呈REE近平坦型—LREE轻微富集型,微量元素原始地幔标准化的蛛网图和MORB标准化蛛网图上的分布型式总体很相似,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Cs、Ba、Sr、Th、U而相对亏损Rb、K和高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、P、Zr、Sm、Ti和Y,显示同源岩浆演化成因特征。微量元素构造环境判别显示其形成于岛弧构造环境。关子镇流水沟变质中基性岩浆杂岩的TIMS法锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为(507.5±3.0)Ma,代表了杂岩体的形成时代,表明西秦岭北带岛弧型岩浆岩的形成时代为晚寒武世,同时也揭示出以关子镇蛇绿岩为代表的古洋盆的俯冲作用及产生岛弧型岩浆活动的时限可能为晚寒武世—早奥陶世。     

新元古代宝兴杂岩的岩石成因及其对扬子西缘构造环境的制约

位于扬子克拉通西缘的新元古代宝兴杂岩主要由中低级变质的辉长质片麻岩、闪长质片麻岩、英云闪长质到花岗闪长质片麻岩和块状二长花岗岩组成。岩石地球化学和Sm-Nd同位素特征表明,辉长质片麻岩和闪长质片麻岩为同源岩浆演化序列,原始岩浆起源于亏损地幔尖晶石橄榄岩的部分熔融,在上升和侵位过程中受到了地壳岩石强烈混染。英云闪长质和花岗闪长质岩浆形成于下地壳玄武质岩石部分熔融,而二长花岗质岩浆形成于杂砂岩的部分熔融。综合分析宝兴杂岩的岩石组合、微量元素和同位素特征,该杂岩体最有可能形成于新元古代活动大陆边缘火山弧构造背景,并可能经历了碰撞过程。     

西秦岭天水地区关子镇中基性岩浆杂岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

西秦岭天水关子镇地区新确定的流水沟变质中基性岩浆杂岩体主要由变质辉长岩-辉长闪长岩-闪长岩组成,地球化学特征显示其形成于岛弧构造环境。变质中基性岩浆杂岩的TIMS法锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为(507.5±3.0)Ma,表明西秦岭北带岛弧型岩浆岩的形成时代为晚寒武世,反映以关子镇蛇绿岩为代表的古洋盆的俯冲作用和形成火山-岩浆岛弧的时限可能为晚寒武世或稍早。     

小兴安岭东南晚奥陶世鹤林侵入杂岩体成因探讨

小兴安岭东南晚奥陶世鹤林侵入杂岩体岩性变化较大,由角闪辉长岩—(石英)闪长岩—英云闪长岩—二长花岗岩组成,不同岩石类型在野外宏观上呈相互侵入、包裹和渐变的接触关系;在(石英)闪长岩、英云闪长岩和二长花岗岩中均发育微细粒闪长质包体,包体多具明显塑性流变特点的浑圆外形和典型岩浆结构、针状磷灰石及捕获的寄主岩钾长石、石英斑晶,为MME型岩浆混合成因包体;杂岩体相对富集LILE(Ba、Sr、Rb)、HFS(U、Th、Zr、Ce)元素等,显示出壳源特点,而较高的εNd(t)值(-2.38~-3.77)显示以幔源为主的特点。研究表明杂岩体具明显的壳幔岩浆混合成因的岩相学、岩石化学和地球化学特征,形成于基性岩浆底侵作用下的陆缘弧型活动大陆边缘构造环境。     

华北陆块东南缘徐淮地区侵入岩岩石组合及时空分布

徐淮地区是安徽北部重要的铁多金属矿成矿区,区内晋宁期和燕山期岩浆活动频繁,形成众多基性、中性和酸性岩体,其中早白垩世岩浆作用与成矿作用关系密切。分析该区侵入岩岩石组合和分布特点,晋宁—燕山期可以划分出3个阶段3个岩石组合：晋宁期辉绿岩-石英正长斑岩-闪斜煌斑岩系列,成岩年龄为距今890.0～913.0 Ma;燕山期早侏罗世石英二长闪长岩-花岗岩系列,成岩年龄为距今180.0～191.3 Ma;燕山期早白垩世闪长斑岩+闪长（玢）岩+石英闪长玢岩+二长花岗岩组合系列,成岩年龄为距今102.1～132.2 Ma。燕山期早白垩世形成的岩体最多,活动最为强烈,与该区矽卡岩型矿床的形成密切相关,形成于中国东部构造应力由挤压转变为伸展的转折期。     

浙江普陀山黑云母钾长花岗岩及其岩石包体的地球化学与岩浆混合作用

浙江普陀山岩体是我国东南沿海产出的由多阶段岩浆作用形成的典型I_A型复合花岗质杂岩体。锆石U_Pb定年结果显示该杂岩体主要由 3期岩浆侵入活动形成 ,自早至晚分别为石英闪长玢岩 (约 170Ma)、黑云母钾长花岗岩 (约 110Ma)和晶洞钾长花岗岩 (约 90Ma) ,其中黑云母钾长花岗岩是该杂岩体的主体岩性 ,在该类岩石中常发育有丰富的深色闪长质包体。本文重点研究了该杂岩体中的黑云母钾长花岗岩 (寄主岩 )及其中的深色闪长质包体。寄主花岗岩为高演化的I型花岗岩 ,地球化学特征表现为高硅、富碱、准铝或弱过铝质 ,富大离子亲石元素 (如Rb、Th等 )和轻稀土元素 (LREE/HREE =8.5 8～ 13.83) ,具有中强的铕负异常 (δEu =0 .2 9～ 0 .4 3) ,并显著亏损Sr、Ba、P和Ti等。闪长质包体与寄主岩之间主、微量元素表现出混合成因的演化趋势 ,二者具有相似的Nd同位素组成〔εNd(t)值分别为 - 6 .30～ - 6 .6 0和 - 6 .95～ - 7.12〕 ,均表现出壳幔混源花岗岩类岩石的特点。对包体与寄主岩产出构造背景和地球化学特征的综合分析表明 ,该杂岩体中的深色闪长质包体是在伸展引张构造背景下 ,上涌的幔源基性岩浆与其诱发的长英质岩浆混合作用的产物     

吉林省敦化地区晚三叠世碱性-亚碱性侵入杂岩体的地质特征及构造背景分析

吉林省敦化地区以碱厂沟、三岔子、青林子岩体为代表的碱性-偏碱性侵入杂岩体,主要由碱性辉长岩、角闪碱长正长岩、石英正长岩和角闪碱长花岗岩等组成,具复合环状深成杂岩之特征。辉长岩KAr同位素年龄为224Ma①,角闪碱长正长岩UPb同位素年龄为(223±1)Ma,表明岩体形成时代为晚三叠世。岩石化学、地球化学特征表明岩浆源于上地幔物质的部分融熔,但并非典型大陆裂谷性质的碱性岩,其形成标志着区域上南北向古亚洲构造域碰撞造山已结束,开始进入稳定大陆裂谷的发展阶段,并预示着北东向滨太平洋构造域的开始。     

镇江石马杂岩体中岩石包体的成因研究

石马杂岩体,为南京—镇江地区出露面积较大的燕山期花岗质杂岩体,具大量暗色、细粒辉石闪长质-石英闪长质岩石包体,岩浆动力学理论的应用和详细的岩相学,岩石地球化学研究表明,该杂岩体中的岩石包体是不同成分岩浆大规模对流、不均一混合机制驱动下形成的,在成因类型上属淬冷包体.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.