江西不同构造单元成矿地质背景分析

江西位于中生代欧亚大陆板块构造岩浆活动带的华南陆块中部,横跨扬子、华夏两板块。由于受不同构造旋回演化,形成了不同时期花岗岩类,这些花岗岩类往往定位在构造活动带部位。区域成矿地质条件优越,是有色金属、贵金属、稀有、稀土等矿产的重要成矿远景区带。尤其是燕山运动形成的构造岩浆带特殊性和耦合性,构成了中生代构造岩浆成矿期。由于不同构造单元内部地质结构、成矿地质背景、成矿物质成分组合、成矿物质来源有所差异,导致矿种、矿床类型在空间上定位不同,说明了成矿作用复杂性和耦合性。     

早期地球的热管构造:来自木卫一的启示

构造体制极大地制约着地球和其他太阳系类地天体（类地行星、岩石质卫星和小行星等）的地表散热、内部温度和物质演化。现有的少量地质记录表明，地球在板块构造启动之前就存在非常活跃的"前板块构造"运动并可能对其早期壳幔分异产生了重要的影响，在这些构造体制下，物质和能量循环的规模和速率可能是后续的板块运动无法比拟的。但受限于早期地质记录的稀缺以及研究手段不成熟等因素，对前板块构造运动的研究一直被学界所忽视，人们对其的认识主要局限于停滞盖层（stagnant-lid tectonics）等。长期以来的空间探测和地基观测表明，木星系统的木卫一存在大规模的火山活动，随之形成了极高的地表热流和地表更新速率以及活跃的造山作用。这些观测事实不同寻常，颠覆了人们对类地天体构造演化模式的一些固有认识，需要新的构造模式——"热管构造"（heat-pipe tectonics）予以解释，其涵义为：类似木卫一上的大规模火山作用可使类地天体的软流圈-岩石圈-地表之间发生快速的物质和能量循环，该循环以岩浆的形成-上升-喷发-冷却和沉降-折返为主要形式，可将天体内部的热散快速散发到外太空。上述过程涉及类地天体内、外部之间物质的大规模、快速迁移和相变，其导热原理与热管相同，因而被称为"热管构造"，其散热效率远高于现今大多数类地天体单纯依赖岩石圈进行内外热传导的停滞盖层构造，以及地球上以板块的形成和俯冲过程主导内部散热的板块构造体制。尽管早期地球与木卫一在内生热机制等方面存在显著差异，但二者的内部温度和内生热率较高，导致其岩浆作用总体均较为活跃，这些关键动力学特征的相似性暗示其构造体制可能类似。因此，研究木卫一的热管构造体制对揭示地球的前板块构造的性质和演化有重要的启示意义。本文综述了近40年来人类对木卫一的主要探测成果，论述了热管构造提出的必要性和依据，总结了该构造体制的特征和发生条件，讨论了早期地球发生热管构造的可能性。早期地球可能经历了热管构造阶段，期间地球通过大规模火山作用散发了内部热量、促进了壳幔分异，并在地球内生热作用减弱、热管构造不能继续维持时被板块构造等取代。由于热管构造的垂向物质循环较为强烈，不利于保留TTG等低密度的壳幔分异产物，我们依据TTG大规模形成的时间上限推测：地球发生热管构造时间可能限于冥古宙-始太古代时期（约38亿年以前）。由于前板块构造时期地球自身的地质记录十分有限，对其热管构造体制的性质和确切的形成条件等很大程度上需要从木卫一获得答案。     

松嫩地块北缘新元古代花岗岩类构造环境的地球化学研究

花岗岩类岩石学和地球化学特征研究表明,松嫩地块北缘新元古代花岗岩类具有典型的板块会聚边缘型岩石组合和正序列岩浆演化系列。其中科洛岩体形成于活动陆缘环境,属Ⅰ型花岗岩;双合岩体形成于板块碰撞同期,属S型花岗岩;而九头山单元和柳屯单元则分别形成于造山期后和大陆造陆上升阶段。这一构造-岩浆作用暗示着松嫩地块北缘在新元古代板块构造体制就开始运行。      

东海陆架盆地构造反转特征及成因机制探讨

通过对东海陆架盆地各二级构造单元内反转构造的梳理与分析,认为盆内新生代反转构造以形态各异的背斜为主,伴有逆断层发育。主要存在瓯江运动(T80)、玉泉运动(T30)、花港运动(T20)和龙井运动(T12)4期构造反转,在时间和空间上具有明显的差异性。在时间演变上：西部坳陷带构造反转从瓯江运动(T80)到花港运动(T20)有相对减弱的趋势,龙井运动(T12)特征不明显;东部坳陷带构造反转从玉泉运动(T30)、花港运动(T20)到龙井运动(T12)有相对增强的趋势。在空间演变上：东部坳陷带西湖凹陷和钓北凹陷龙井运动(T12)构造反转具有显著的自北向南减弱的趋势。东海陆架盆地新生代构造反转强弱分布、迁移演化是太平洋板块与欧亚板块、印度板块与欧亚板块之间汇聚俯冲速率和方向的变化在盆内叠加的局部响应。     

后碰撞花岗岩类的多样性及其构造环境判别的复杂性

造山带中普遍存在着相当数量的后碰撞花岗岩类。它们在时间上晚于碰撞事件形成,在空间上可以不受构造单元的严格控制,而是可以跨构造单元分布,有时可以侵入在蛇绿岩之中。后碰撞花岗岩类的主元素特征属于中—高钾钙碱性系列和钾玄岩系列,但以钙碱性系列为主。按照MISA分类,后碰撞花岗岩类可以有I、S和A等3种类型,有的造山带以发育I型花岗岩类为主,而另一些造山带可以广泛发育S型花岗岩,而碱性A型花岗岩并不是在每个造山带都会出现。在微量元素构造环境判别图解上,后碰撞花岗岩类可以落在多种构造环境的区域。因此,仅仅依靠花岗岩类构造环境的地球化学判别图解会得出似是而非的结果。文中强调时空分布特征及区域地质构造的全面分析可能是厘定后碰撞花岗岩类最重要的依据,而在区域地质研究基础上的高精度锆石U-Pb年代学研究能够建立区域构造演化的年代学框架,进而准确地限定后碰撞花岗岩类岩浆活动的时限。     

从变质作用观看板块构造何时在华北克拉通开始

了解板块构造在地球上何时和怎样开始的是地球科学领域还没有解决的重要问题之一。作为板块运动的最终结果,大陆碰撞造山带是识别地球历史演化中板块构造机制起主导作用的重要标志。大陆碰撞带变质作用一般以顺时针p-T轨迹演化为特征,尤其伴有峰期变质之后的等温减压过程。这样,具有峰后等温减压过程的顺时针p-T轨迹是识别地球早期的板块构造作用的重要标志之一。作为世界上最古老的克拉通陆块之一,华北克拉通基底岩石变质作用p-T演化在过去几年已得到广泛深入的研究,使得该克拉通可能成为应用大规模变质作用p-T轨迹途径来探讨构造环境和构造演化过程的最佳场所。构造上,华北克拉通可划分为三个小的陆块(东部陆块、阴山陆块和鄂尔多斯陆块)和三个古元古代活动带(华北中部碰撞带、孔兹岩带和胶—辽—吉带)。东部陆块和阴山陆块新太古代基底岩石变质作用具有等压冷却型逆时针p-T演化轨迹特征,反映变质作用热源与大量地幔岩浆底板垫托或侵位有关。尽管理论上这样大规模的地幔岩浆可形成在大陆岩浆弧、地幔柱或大陆裂谷环境,只有地幔柱模式才能合理地解释东部陆块和阴山陆块新太古代基底岩石时空分布、岩石组合和构造特征。这样,地幔柱可能是主导东部陆块和阴山陆块新太古代地壳形成和演化的主要构造机制,而板块构造在晚太古宙并不是其主要的构造机制。古元古代孔兹岩带和华北中部碰撞带基底岩石变质作用均具有等温减压型顺时针p-T演化特征,反映两造山带都经历地壳加厚和随后的隆升剥蚀构造过程。这样的构造过程是板块构造体制下的碰撞造山带的典型标志。古元古代胶—辽—吉带可进一步划分为南部带和北部带,其中南部带基底岩石具有逆时针p-T演化特征,而北部带基地岩石具有顺时针p-T演化特征,也反映板块构造机制下的产物。现代规模的板块构造在华北克拉通上的启动时间可以由三个活动带中最老的与板块俯冲有关的新生地壳形成时间来大致标定。目前,华北克拉通内部三个活动带中可识别出来的最老的与板块俯冲有关的新生地壳是华北中部碰撞带2·56Ga五台花岗岩,它们的形成可能大致标志着现代样式的板块构造在华北克拉通大规模作用的开始。     

花岗岩构造研究及花岗岩构造动力学刍议

花岗岩可以视为一种很好的构造标志体,犹如褶皱、断裂一样。从花岗岩浆的形成、融体分离、岩浆上升到岩体定位以及变形改造的全过程都蕴含着丰富的构造动力学信息。研究花岗岩浆上升、迁移和定位可以探讨构造块体抬升及区域构造动力学。岩体生长方式与构造块体的运动学、动力学有密切的关系,极性生长揭示了上、下构造块体或岩石圈之间的相对的近水平方向剪切运移。变形花岗岩体是一种区域尺度的应变标志体,可以进行岩石有限应变测量和流变学参数估算,为分析区域构造变形特征提供应变参数。以对不同期次、不同变形程度花岗岩体为间接标志体,通过锆石定年可以限定变形的时间,特别是有可能确定早期变形的时间。岩体定位深度的系统研究有利于了解构造块体的抬升和深部构造作用。花岗岩构造与花岗岩成因类型特别是其演变研究的结合是判别构造块体动力学背景以及其转换的有效途径。通过这几方面的系统研究和有机结合,可以提供丰富的构造动力学信息,是否可能发展成较系统的花岗岩构造动力学值得探讨。     

内蒙古大青山地区古元古代花岗岩:地球化学、锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

内蒙古大青山地区沿固阳-武川断裂带南侧发现一条古元古代花岗岩岩带,由石英闪长岩-闪长岩-角闪二长花岗岩组合构成.本文对其中典型代表厂汉脑包石英闪长岩、常福龙闪长岩和口子村角闪二长花岗岩进行了锆石定年和地球化学研究.地球化学上,石英闪长岩具有埃达克质花岗岩的特点,为低硅埃达克质花岗岩;大部分闪长岩具有赞岐岩的地球化学特征,部分具Closepet花岗岩特征;角闪二长花岗岩则全部具有Closepet花岗岩特征.根据锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,它们形成于2416~2435Ma之间,并遭受古元古代晚期构造热事件改造.表明在该区古元古代早期真正意义的板块构造已起作用,从岩浆演化的角度说明前寒武纪构造体制发生重大转变.     

花岗岩构造和定位机制研究进展

近２０年来，由于新理论、新方法和新技术的引人，使花岗岩构造和定位机制研究取得了很大进展，尤其是花岗岩定位过程中的流变学行为，岩浆上升的驱动机制，花岗岩的空间，花岗岩构造型式和定位机制等的研究，在一定程度上带有突破性。花岗质岩石定位过程中的流变性质不再被认为是类似于牛顿流体，运动遵循流体定律的液体，而是一个由岩浆作用（牛顿流体）到固态作用的连续力学介质，尤其强调了花岗质岩石定位过程中的假塑性体（宾厄姆体）性质。在花岗质岩浆上升定位过程的研究中，不仅肯定了浮力的重要作用，而且特别强调了构造通道、构造空间和构造应力作用方式的重要地位。气球状膨胀作用、岩墙扩展作用和构造泵吸作用是３种花岗岩体的重要定位机制，无一不与构造作用有关。花岗岩体构造型式的研究已成为研究花岗岩体定位机制的有效方法。     

七九○二铀矿床成因初探

本文對七九○二铀矿床的地质特征、控矿因素及其成因进行了初步的研究,提出該矿床属花岗岩类断裂構造古淋积型铀矿床。在分析动力变质作用与岩源铀活化迁移的关系以及古氧化作用与后生淋积成矿关系的基础上,探讨了花岗岩断裂构造带特有的成矿特征及古淋积成矿演变史,从而同典型的花岗岩型铀矿床相区別。     

松潘-甘孜地体内花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其构造意义

松潘-甘孜地体总体上是一个三角状褶皱带,其北侧、东南侧及东侧分别与东昆仑-西秦岭构造带、金沙江构造带及龙门山构造带相邻。地体内几乎全部被三叠系浊积岩所覆盖,其中侵位了很多花岗岩体。显然,这些花岗岩的岩浆特征、来源与侵位时代,对研究松潘-甘孜地体基底性质、构造演化等问题具有重要意义。本文报道利用SHRIMP定年技术对一些花岗岩岩体锆石所进行的精确测年数据。测试结果表明:(1)松潘-甘孜地体内的花岗岩体主要形成于晚三叠世,但岩浆活动可延续到早侏罗世晚期;(2)早期花岗岩浆活动与三叠纪系褶皱变形大致同期,指示这一时期的花岗岩浆的形成可能与三叠系下部大型拆离滑脱构造相关;(3)花岗岩结晶锆石普遍具有浑圆状或不规则状较老的继承锆石核,这些核部继承锆石可能代表花岗岩浆在上升过程中从不同地层内捕获的碎屑锆石,或者是下地壳岩石深熔残留锆石。根据SHRING U-Pb定年,这些继承锆石的年龄分别为二叠纪、加里东期、晚元古代和早元古代。元古代碎屑锆石的存在也可能指示松潘-甘孜地体具前寒武系基底。     

Sedimentary Crust and Metallogeny of Granitoid Affinity: Implications from the Geotectonic Histories of the Circum‐Japan Sea Region,Central Andes and Southeastern Australia

Metallogeny of granitoid affinity was reviewed from the aspect of geotectonic history of the continental crust, particularly of the genesis of sedimentary crust involved in magmatism. The redox state of granitoids and related mineralization shows a remarkable contrast between the east and west sides of the Pacific Rim, but if examined closely, the reduced‐type and oxidized‐type granitoid provinces are juxtaposed in three regions: the circum‐Japan Sea region, the central Andes, and the Lachlan Fold Belt in southeastern Australia. Comparative study of these regions revealed that the reduced‐type magmatism associated with Sn mineralization generated in thick sedimentary crust which formed in three geotectonic environments: (i) accretionary terrane along a subduction zone (e.g. Jurassic East Asia), (ii) continental rift (e.g. Early Paleozoic Andes), and (iii) mega‐fan (e.g. Early Paleozoic southeastern Australia). A collisional orogen can provide large amounts of clastic sediment to these environments. The age gap between the magmatism and sedimentation varies depending on the tectonic evolution of individual regions. Thin sedimentary crust may not play an essential role for the reduced‐type magmatism. The oxidized‐type magmatism associated with porphyry Cu and other mineralization generated in the crust which was initially carbon‐free igneous crust or modified from sedimentary crust by magmatism. Subduction‐related basaltic magmas are relatively oxidized, and may enhance fO₂ conditions of granitoid activity. Repeated magmatism in a monotonous convergent margin may be favorable for porphyry Cu mineralization as exemplified in the eastern Pacific Rim.     

西准噶尔晚古生代岩浆活动和构造背景

西准噶尔作为中亚造山带的一部分,吸引了大量学者的关注。蛇绿混杂岩带、花岗岩、中基性岩墙在本地区广泛出现,表明西准噶尔晚古生代构造演化极为复杂。但是在许多方面仍存在很多争议,例如西准噶尔蛇绿混杂岩带的形成时代、岩石组合和岩石成因;I型和A型花岗岩的岩石成因,构造背景和热机制;中基性-酸性岩墙群的年代学、岩石成因、构造背景和古应力场;西准噶尔晚古生代年代学格架和构造背景;西准噶尔显生宙地壳增生;西准噶尔基底特征和西准噶尔晚古生代构造演化等。笔者通过搜集前人的资料和数据,对西准噶尔区域发育的蛇绿混杂岩带、地层、古地理环境、花岗岩体和中基性岩墙群的总结,结合项目组野外与室内数据的研究,得到以下认识:(1)达尔布特和克拉玛依蛇绿混杂岩的形成环境为与俯冲相关的弧后盆地,源区来自含尖晶石二辉橄榄岩高程度部分熔融作用;(2)早石炭世花岗岩形成于俯冲环境,晚石炭世-早二叠世花岗岩形成于后碰撞环境,中二叠世花岗岩形成于板内环境;(3)I型花岗岩的成因与俯冲密切相关,而A型花岗岩和中基性岩墙产于后碰撞环境下;(4)A型花岗岩是下地壳受地幔底侵发生部分熔融并高度分离结晶的产物,中基性岩墙群普遍具有埃达克质岩的地球化学特点,可能产于受流体(或熔体)交代的残余洋壳板片的部分熔融;(5)中基性岩墙群稍晚于寄主岩体而形成,但两者均形成于后碰撞构造背景。在晚石炭世-早二叠世,西准噶尔处于近南北向的拉张应力体系;(6)西准噶尔在泥盆纪为洋盆体系;早石炭世,俯冲-碰撞过程结束;晚石炭世-早二叠世属于后碰撞环境;中晚二叠世处于板内环境。     

Paleozoic collisional and intraplate granitoids of the Baikal area: comparative geochemistry and petrogenesis

Early Paleozoic granitoids of autochthonous and allochthonous facies in the Baikal area (Ol’khon Island, Khamar-Daban Ridge) are in close spatial association with gneisses, migmatites, and plagiogranites and are usually confined to granite–gneiss domes. They are virtually not subjected to magmatic differentiation. Formation of granitoids of the Solzan massif and Sharanur complex lasted 26–28 Myr, which might be considered an indicator of collisional granitoid magmatism. Collisional granitoids of different provinces have a series of indicative features: They are peraluminous and highly potassic and are enriched in crustal elements (Rb, Pb, and Th) but sometimes have low contents of volatiles. In contrast to collisional magmatism, petrogenesis of intraplate granitoids does not depend on the composition and age of the enclosing rocks. The geochemical evolution of intraplate granitoid magmatism in the Baikal area is expressed as an increase in contents of F, Li, Rb, Cs, Sn, Be, Ta, Zr, and Pb and a decrease in contents of Ba, Sr, Zn, Th, and U during the differentiation of multiphase intrusions. The geochemical diversity of these granitoids formed both from crustal and from mantle sources and as a result of the mantle–crust interaction, might be due to the effect of plume on the geologic evolution of intraplate magmatism. The wide range of compositions and geochemical types of igneous rocks (from alkali and subalkalic to rare-metal granitoids) within the Late Paleozoic Baikal magmatism area suggests its high ore potential.     

Sources and formation conditions of Early Proterozoic granitoids from the southwestern margin of the Siberian craton

Three stages of Early Proterozoic granitoid magmatism were distinguished in the southwestern margin of the Siberian craton: (1) syncollisional, including the formation of migmatites and granites in the border zone of the Tarak massif; (2) postorogenic, postcollisional, comprising numerous granitoid plutons of diverse composition; and (3) intraplate, corresponding to the development of potassic granitoids in the Podporog massif. Rocks of three petrological and geochemical types (S, I, and A) were found in the granitoid massifs. The S-type granites are characterized by the presence of aluminous minerals (garnet and cordierite), and their trace element distribution patterns and Nd isotopic parameters are similar to those of the country paragneisses and migmatites. Their formation was related to melting under varying H₂O activity of aluminous and garnet—biotite gneisses at P ≥ 5 kbar and T < 850°C with a variable degree of melt separation from the residual phases. The I-type tonalites and dioritoids show low relative iron content, high concentrations of CaO and Sr, fractionated REE distribution patterns with (La/Yb)_n = 11–42, and variable depletion of heavy REE. Their parental melts were derived at T ≥ 850°C and P > 10 and P < 10 kbar, respectively. According to isotopic data, their formation was related to melting of a Late Archean crustal (tonalite-diorite-gneiss) source with a contribution of juvenile material ranging from 25–55% (tonalites of the Podporog massif) to 50–70% (dioritoids of the Uda pluton). The most common A-type granitoids show high relative iron content; high concentration of high-field-strength elements, Th, and light and heavy REE; and a distinct negative Eu anomaly. Their primary melts were derived at low H₂O activity and T ≥ 950°C. The Nd isotopic composition of the granitoids suggests contributions to the magma formation processes from ancient (Early and Late Archean) crustal (tonalite-diorite-gneiss) sources and a juvenile mantle material. The contribution of the latter increases from 0–35% in the granites of the Podporog and Tarak massifs to 40–50% for the rocks of the Uda and Shumikha plutons. The main factors responsible for the diversity of petrological and geochemical types of granitoids in collisional environments are the existence of various fertile sources in the section of the thickened crust of the collisional orogen, variations in magma generation conditions $(\alpha _{H_2 O} , T, and P)$ during sequential stages of granite formation, and the varying fraction of juvenile mantle material in the source region of granitoid melts.     

GRANITOIDS,VOLCANIC ROCKS AND CHERTS FROM NORTH ALTYN TAGH,NW CHINA: IMPLICATION FOR THE TECTONIC ENVIRONMENT DISCRIMINATION

GRANITOIDS,VOLCANIC ROCKS AND CHERTS FROM NORTH ALTYN TAGH,NW CHINA: IMPLICATION FOR THE TECTONIC ENVIRONMENT DISCRIMINATIONtheNationalKeyProjectforBasicResearch (G19980 4 0 80 0 )andtheYoungGeologistsFoundationofthe MGMR(No.Qn979812 )     

The main reasons for the compositional evolution of the Early Paleozoic granitoids of the Eastern Sayan: Evidence from the Munku-Sardyk massif

This paper addresses the reasons for the evolution and genesis of the Early Paleozoic granitoids of the Munku-Sardyk Range, Eastern Sayan. It was established that the massif consists of three phases representing derivatives of mantle and crustal magmas. The major part of the massif is made up of mantle-derived granitoids, which are chemically similar to the exotic NEB-adakite association.The crustal granitoids of pluton were formed under the influence of the thermal field of primary magmas. The protoliths of these granitoids were presumably the metamorphic rocks of the Slyudyanka Group. In terms of geochemistry, they are ascribed to calc-alkaline rocks but bear some signatures of anorogenic granitoids.It was shown that the compositional variations of the granitoids were controlled by many factors, the most important of which are the compositions of primary magmas and their contaminant. The geochemical characteristics and mineral compositions of the granitoids distinctly reflect interaction with the host metamorphic sequences. Carbonate rocks played an important role in this process, causing an increase in the alkalinity and basicity of granitoid magmas. The abundance of carbonate rocks in the region was probably the main reason for the broad variations of alkalinity in coeval granitoids.Using the obtained data, a genetic model was proposed to explain all stages of the formation of the massif and compositional evolution of its rocks.     

Composition,age, and tectonic position of granitoids of the Shmakovka complex

The geological, geochemical, and geochronological data on the granitiods of the Shmakovka massif, which represents a petrotype of the synonymous complex (southern Russian Primorye), show that the granitoid intrusions of the Shmakovka Complex play a “coupling” role, occurring in different blocks of the Khanka composite terrane. The geochemical and isotopic features of the granitoids indicate that their formation resulted from melting of a “mixed,” substantially metapelite, source similar to the most intensely metamorphosed rocks of the Khanka massif. According to U–Pb measurements, the granitoids are 490 ± 1 Ma old. The analysis of the distribution of Early Paleozoic I-, S-, and A-type granitoids in southern Primorye reveals that Late Cambrian–Early Ordovician endogenic events marked the amalgamation of Precambrian–Early Paleozoic blocks and the eventual formation of the Bureya–Jiamusi superterrane (Bureya–Khanka orogenic belt).     

关于额尔古纳地块基底性质和东界的讨论

中国东北地区是解决东亚大陆构造演化的关键地区,备受众多学者关注。近年来,关于额尔古纳地块基底性质和东界问题一直存在争议。本文对太平林场花岗片麻岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,锆石年龄主要集中在840～830 Ma、800～780 Ma和730～720 Ma的3个时间段内,可能为新元古代时期的3期岩浆热事件时间。其中21个锆石测点 ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U 年龄的加权平均值为779±20 Ma(MSWD=8.3),表明原岩在新元古代就已侵位结晶; 1个锆石测点U-Pb同位素年龄为494±10 Ma,Th/U比值为0.06,暗示了锆石应为变质成因,可能为花岗片麻岩的变质年龄。结合前人已报道额尔古纳地块和兴安地块上花岗质岩石年龄数据,对比发现仅额尔古纳地块经历了新元古代岩浆热事件作用; 同时对比两地块上花岗岩Hf同位素特征发现,二者具有不同的地壳早期演化阶段。因此,在早古生代早期二者应该沿塔河-喜桂图缝合带拼合并共同经历了古生代以来的岩浆作用改造,而不是传统观点认为的德尔布干断裂作为两地块的边界。     

Evolution of the Archean-Palaeoproterozoic Bundelkhand Massif, central India—evidence from granitoid geochemistry

The Bundelkhand massif of Archean-Palaeoproterozoic age is primarily a granite-gneiss complex. Three distinct granitoid suites have been identified within the massif hornblende granitoids, biotite granitoids and leucogranitoids, in order of decreasing age. These granitoids were emplaced in previously deformed basement consisting of gneisses, banded iron formations and other metasediments, mafic to felsic volcanics.
The granitoids exhibit a large compositional range from quartz diorite to syenogranite and show a calc-alkaline trend. They are metaluminous to peraluminous and have I-type characteristics. The SiO₂ content ranges from 49 to 77 wt%. Low K₂O/Na₂O characterizes the granitoids. The oldest hornblende granitoids have low Rb and Yb contents compared to the younger biotite granitoids and leucogranitoids. Rb/Sr values for most of the granitoids are low (< 1). K/Rb ratios range from 95 to 373 which is, in general, comparable with other calc-alkaline suites. Y/Nb ratios of the granitoids are > 1.2 which is a characteristic feature of magmas derived from sources chemically similar to island arc or continental margin basalts.
The features mentioned above coupled with concentrations of Rb, Y, Nb, Yb, Ta and Th indicate a volcanic-arc tectonic setting for the granitoids. It is proposed that the massif represents subduction-related magmatism of an ocean in the southern part of the massif (an Andean plate margin).