GIS点状符号共享研究

分析了GIS的3种典型符号模型不利于构建地图符号与符号间难以共享的原因,引入了PB符号模型,提出了符号数据共享与符号渲染功能共享相结合的符号共享机制,设计了3类GIS点状符号与PB符号间的映射方法,实现GIS点状符号共享,并利用实验对其进行了验证。     

一种GIS共享图形软件符号的方法

针对GIS平台难以共享图形软件符号的问题,该文以AI符号为研究对象,提出了GIS共享AI图形系统点状符号方法。通过研究两类系统地图符号模型差异,分析AI图形符号与基于路径的点状符号结构,对比两类符号模型的几何结构与样式类型,验证了基于路径点状符号结构的通用性;通过设计AI图形符号数据向基于路径点状符号数据的映射方法,提出了GIS共享AI图形系统点状符号方法,实现了GIS平台对AI图形系统符号的共享。实验结果表明,利用基于路径的点状符号能够共享存在于AI图形软件的图形符号,实现GIS平台共享图形符号资源。     

基于SVG的地图符号设计与实现

当前GIS能有效克服空间数据格式的私有性,实现地理数据的转换与共享,但缺乏地图符号的形式化描述,导致GIS之间难以实现地图符号库的共享。本文结合二维矢量图形标记语言SVG和地图符号的通用设计方法,提出了基于SVG的地图符号库结构与地图符号设计模型,在实验基础上详细与分析了点、线、面、注记与动画符号的设计方法与基本原理,为地图符号共享、GIS分布式处理与互操作提供了基础。     

点状地图符号统一编码的研究

地图符号数据的开放模型和统一描述编码是地图符号共享的重要基础,针对点状地图符号共享与操作研究滞后这一现状,在分析闻内外GIS软件的点状符号编辑模块基础上,设计了点状地图符号的开放数据模型,提出了点状地图符号的统一编码描述准则,建立了基于Xml-Schema的点状地图符号的统一编码规范,最后进行了基于该编码规范的点状地图符号共享实验．验证了遵循统一的编码规范。有利于实现点状地图符弓‘的共享与互操作．     

引入PB模型的CAD点状符号共享方法

本文从数据结构、关联方式、存储方法与绘制策略等方面分析了异构符号间难以共享的原因,剖析了CAD符号与GIS符号间难以共享的根本原因;引入PB符号模型,设计了CAD点状符号与PB符号间的映射方法,提出了符号数据共享与符号渲染功能共享相结合的符号共享机制,实现了CAD点状符号共享,并利用实验对其进行了验证。     

基于SVG的地图符号描述模型设计

分析现有地图符号构建方法的结构特点及优缺点。从地图符号学研究符号语义表达和图形结构出发,充分利用SVG的描述能力,将地图符号的构建设计为两个部分:SVG结构化描述的语义图元库与符号节点树,提出了基于SVG的地图符号描述模型。该方法丰富符号构建方式,且能够很好地与SVG映射,便于符号共享应用。     

ArcGIS环境下地图符号库的实现

地图符号作为地图语言在地图的制作和输出中起着非常重要的作用。但是,由于ArcGIS中的数据输入、编辑、查询与制图模块Arc Map中自带的符号库不能满足我国基本比例尺地图输出的要求,因此,必须为它建立符合地图图式要求的符号库。对于在Arc GIS中不能实现的符号,如电力线,将由Arc Object来制作完成。应用VB程序设计将电力线做出并且加入到Arc GIS环境中去。本文重点论述了Arc GIS环境下地图符号库的设计方法,并分别讨论了点状符号、线状符号和面状符号的实现方式。     

基于ArcGIS的地图符号库的设计与实现

地理信息系统(GIS)的主要功能之一就是地图制图及输出。地图作为用户能够理解空间信息的主要图件，地图符号作为地图语言则在地图的制作和输出中起着非常重要的作用。美国ESRI公司开发的ARCGIS是功能强大的GIS软件平台，但是它的数据输入、编辑、查询与制图模块ArcMap中自带的符号库不能满足我国基本比例尺地图输出的要求，因此必须为它建立符合地图图式要求的符号库。本文重点论述了ArcGIS环境下地图符号库的设计方法，并分别讨论了点状符号、线状符号和面状符号的实现方式。     

基于ArcGIS的地图符号库的设计与实现

地理信息系统(GIS)的主要功能之一就是地图制图及输出。地图作为用户能够理解空间信息的主要图件，地图符号作为地图语言则在地图的制作和输出中起着非常重要的作用。美国ESRI公司开发的ARCGIS是功能强大的GIS软件平台，但是它的数据输入、编辑、查询与制图模块ArcMap中自带的符号库不能满足我国基本比例尺地图输出的要求，因此必须为它建立符合地图图式要求的符号库。本文重点论述了ArcGIS环境下地图符号库的设计方法，并分别讨论了点状符号、线状符号和面状符号的实现方式。     

点状地图符号数据结构同化研究

从点状地图符号的构建和共享角度出发,分析了基于TrueType、图元法以及CAD图块符号等点状地图符号数据结构的优缺点。针对地图符号的图形特征,提出了一种基于路径的点状符号数据结构,给出了TrueType符号、图元符号、信息块符号到基于路径的点状符号同化方法。实验验证了基于路径的点状符号数据结构具有较强的描述能力和较强的扩展性。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。