基于UML的三维空间数据转换插件的设计与实现

应用统一建模语言,采用面向对象的方法,设计并实现了三维空间数据转换插件CCConvert,实现了三维模型数据、三维地形数据及影像数据等多种数据的格式转换、投影变换和坐标变换.     

倾斜摄影三维模型Unreal Engine 4渲染的数据转换方法

对三维地理场景真实还原是数字孪生的核心技术要求之一,地理信息系统与游戏引擎的结合为城市实景三维建设提供了新思路。倾斜摄影数据是实景三维建设中重要的数字底板要素,针对游戏引擎加载倾斜摄影数据问题,以Unreal Engine 4渲染为例提出一种倾斜摄影三维模型数据转换方法。该方法利用原始数据的文件组织,通过数据解析获取转换信息构建数据读取树;迭代树节点时分别对几何数据与纹理数据进行转换,转换过程兼顾游戏引擎渲染资源所需物理属性,最终完成几何和纹理重组。将该方法应用于深圳市福田区倾斜摄影数据,实验结果表明,所提方法能准确实现倾斜摄影三维模型数据至Unreal Engine 4渲染资源的转换,可为类似三维模型数据转换问题提供理论与技术参考。     

基于建筑高程模型的多视角栅格数字地图转换

为了提高三维建筑模型数据的实用性,笔者研究了三维建筑模型转换为2．5维仿真栅格数据的转换过程,使用基本的工具链,经过参数设定、基本地图绘制、数据摆放、以及渲染出图等,实现在短时间内,将三维数据仿真栅格化。并以金华实际地块为例,给出了东西南北四个面的数据效果图。     

Surfer在地球重力场数据可视化中的应用

介绍了应用Surfer实现地球重力场数据可视化的方法和步骤,结合重力场数据格式特点,编制了简单的格式转换程序,直接操作Surfer绘制重力场数据二维、三维信息图,实现了地球重力场数据的快速可视化。     

基于栅格的点云数据的边界探测方法

分析三维激光扫描点云的数据特征,得到一种将三维点云数据转换为深度图像形式后提取边界的方法。通过原始点云数据扫描线分组分行使点云数据实现X,Y方向数据的规格化,以Z方向代表深度,将规则的点云数据转换为图像形式。采用图像边界提取方法——Canny算子来提取边缘信息,并将其转换到三维空间中显示出来。实验表明,基于栅格的点云数据的边界探测方法能快速实现三维点云边界的提取与显示,可应用在基于边界特征的点云配准、点云的角点检测、点云的三维建模等后续处理工作中。     

异构GIS的数据转换

Geoview是由中国地质大学（武汉）国土资源信息系统研究所自主研发的三维可视化地学信息平台。介绍了基于MapGISSDK二次开发包和GeoviewCOM组件实现MapGIS与Geoview的数据转换，并对比了MapGIS与Geoview在数据管理，组织，结构上的差异，详细讨论了实现MapGIS与Geoview数据转换的关键技术。     

三维瓦片地图的制作及其二三维坐标转换的研究

随着计算机相关技术的发展和GIS产业应用的深入,三维瓦片地图因其视觉效果更加真实而发展前景一片光明,但它也存在如与二维地图之间的联系不是很紧密等诸多不完善之处。针对上述问题,本文利用Auto CAD和3Dmax软件对数据和贴图资料进行三维地形图制作,并通过地图切图得到三维瓦片地图;根据坐标转换算法,将二维数据叠加到三维瓦片地图中,并结合转换后的坐标值偏差现象,修正二三维坐标的转换算法;针对不同角度的三维瓦片地图,实现其多角度之间的相互转换。通过上述操作,提高了三维瓦片地图的精确性和实用性。     

基于SuperMap城市三维综合管网信息系统设计

城市地下管线是城市的生命线,为实现复杂地下综合管网数据的有效、直观管理和利用,建立以SuperMap为基础平台的城市三维综合管网信息系统。该系统以城市地下管线探测技术规程为参考标准,实现了以三维倾斜摄影数据为基础场景,涵盖燃气、电力、排水等八类管网数据的综合信息管理,功能涉及管网数据的导入导出转换、管网数据的编辑修改、查询统计、二维管网与三维管网一体化更新以及三维场景的分析及利用等。     

基于WebGL的交互式三维地理场景构建方法研究

三维模型数据具有多源、异构、海量等特性,复杂三维地理场景的可视化通常需要应用专用软件和大量的计算资源,限制了模型数据的协同应用。本文针对以上问题,借助Web绘图标准WebGL,研究了一种轻量级的三维地理场景构建方法,通过将多源异构三维模型数据进行同构化处理,转换为统一的GL传输格式,实现在浏览器端灵活地整合在线三维模型数据服务以及用户的离线模型数据,充分利用客户端的计算资源,交互式地进行场景构建,实现三维地理场景的网络发布与共享。在此基础上研发了原型系统,以倾斜摄影三维模型、三维小品模型等为数据基础,实现了浏览器端的三维场景整合与发布,验证了该构建方法的可行性。     

三维地形数据自适应金字塔技术的设计与实现

传统金字塔模型主要解决单一数据源数据的存储和数据的调度问题,无法满足三维地理信息系统对多源异构金字塔数据动态扩展和快速更新数据的需求,基于此,文章提出三维自适应金字塔模型,并进行了技术分析,通过构建多源异构数据适配器,将三维地形数据转换为地形数据逻辑单元,实现多源异构数据的统一,着力解决异构金字塔数据的统一调度和显示问题。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。