ShapeFile与军用交换格式数据转换的研究与实现

通过对ShapeFile数据格式与军用标准格式的分析比较,指出了它们之间在对描述地理实体的分类分级、编码体系、属性结构等方面存在的差异。在对数据构成进行分析的基础上,提出了采用编写转换软件的方案来解决ShapeFile数据向军用交换格式数据的转换,重点解决了转换过程中的数据构成转换、数学基础转换、属性信息转换和注记要素提取的问题。     

卫星高度计海面风速的校准与验证

为了改善不同卫星高度计海面风速数据之间的一致性,以浮标数据为基准,对国内的HY-2A和国外的T/P、GFO、Jason-1、Envisat、Jason-2、CryoSat-2共7颗卫星高度计的海面风速数据进行了分析,给出了各个卫星高度计的海面风速校准公式,并对其校准效果进行了验证。验证结果表明:各个卫星高度计的海面风速在经过校准后,与浮标海面风速差异的均值和均方根都有所降低,其中HY-2A最为显著。经过校准后所有卫星高度计的海面风速与浮标海面风速差异的均值都在±0.2m/s以内。除了HY-2A、GFO和Jason-1,其余4颗卫星高度计校准后的海面风速与浮标海面风速差异的均方根都在1.6m/s以下。由此可以得出结论,利用本文的校准公式对各个卫星高度计(特别是HY-2A卫星高度计)的海面风速进行校准,可以有效减少其与浮标海面风速之间的差异。     

卧式海流发电装置叶轮特性仿真研究

基于上海海洋大学研制的卧式海流能发电装置,在对叶片受力进行分析的基础上,采用雷诺平均N-S方程和滑移网格技术,对不同工况下的叶轮运动进行了数值模拟,获得了力矩系数、能量转换效率及功率等性能参数。通过分析比较不同工况下的各性能参数的变化规律,发现叶轮运动具有周期性,一个周期内的相邻极大、极小值之间相差72°相位角;随着海流速度和叶轮转速的增大,输出功率逐渐增大;而力矩系数和能量利用效率却呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在海流速度v=1.5 m/s,尖速比λ=2.46时,能量转换效率最大,可达到34.6%,输出功率为373 W,并与海试结果进行了对比分析。     

从正反两个角度探讨摆式波力电站的吸能机制

本文主要论述了摆式波力电站的吸能机制,提出了吸能原理,从力和作功的角度探讨了吸能的实质,分析比较了几种摆板运动方程形式之间的联系和区别。给出了波能转换效率的定义,并进一步分析了波能转换效率的组成和性质。     

南黄海中部海底沉积物原位声速与物理性质相关关系

基于在南黄海中部获得的海底沉积物原位声速数据,分析讨论了原位声速与密度、含水量、孔隙比、孔隙度等沉积物物理性质参数的相关关系。通过回归分析建立了海底沉积物原位声速预测方程。结果表明,原位声速与上述物理参数之间具有良好的相关性,相关系数r均大于0.93。对比分析了原位声速预测方程与甲板声速预测方程的差异,两者最小相差15.8 m/s,最大相差31.3 m/s,平均差值约为22.6 m/s。将原位声速预测方程与其他研究者建立的声速预测方程进行了对比,结果表明不同声速预测方程存在明显差异,初步分析了存在差异的原因。     

长波和水流作用下浮泥流动机理研究

基于宾汉模型,并运用量级分析方法建立了长波、水流作用下浮泥运动简化方程。简化后的浮泥运动方程是一个非线性的常微分方程。运用解析与数值混合的方法进行求解,计算量很小。讨论了水流对泥面的剪应力、波幅、波长、浮泥层厚度以及浮泥密度等多组参数对浮泥输运速度的影响。研究表明,存在波浪的情况下,即使水流对泥面的剪应力远小于浮泥屈服应力浮泥也能出现定向的输运。     

海冰的客观分型

本文采用聚类分析方法,对近１０年冬季逐候渤海海冰进行客观分型,获得海冰初终期型、发展期型、强盛期型和消融期型等共四类。通过分析不仅给出了海冰各型的厚度场及外缘线的分布状况,同时还揭示了型与型之间的关系及其转换和海冰各个发展阶段的内在联系。     

胶州湾表层水中低分子量有机酸的分布及特征

用高效液相色谱法对2010-10在胶州湾15个站位获取的表层海水样品中低分子量有机酸(LMWOAs)进行了定性、定量分析。结果表明,高效液相色谱法能够在胶州湾表层海水中检测到3种典型的低分子量有机酸,分别为乳酸、乙酸和甲酸,这3种酸的总浓度(TOA)的变化范围为18.02～24.66μmol.L-1,平均浓度为20.95±1.95μmol.L-1;乳酸、乙酸和甲酸浓度变化范围分别为1.72～11.11,4.47～17.98,2.89～6.04μmol.L-1,平均浓度分别为(3.25±2.25),(12.77±2.94),(4.90±1.27)μmol.L-1,乙酸的平均浓度显著高于甲酸和乳酸。总体而言,3种酸的分布呈现近岸高、远岸低的趋势,人类活动是胶州湾有机酸的主要来源并且对LMWOAs的分布有决定性的影响。分析了溶解有机碳(DOC)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)的浓度分布以及它们与LMWOAs之间的关系。DOC的浓度变化范围为140.25～197.50μmol.L-1,平均浓度为(161.22±17.67)μmol.L-1;Chl-a的浓度变化范围为0.70～1.45μmol.L-1,平均浓度为(0.91±0.28)μmol.L-1。发现TOA浓度与TOA/DOC之间存在一定的相关性,TOA浓度与Chl-a浓度缺少相关性,表明生物活动对胶州湾LMWOAs的影响不明显。     

三种体系萃取分离-液闪测定海水中234Th的比较研究

本文对TOA萃取剂萃取钍适宜的操作条件及萃取溶剂进行了试验,提出了TOA/苯萃取234Th的最佳条件: 在 1cm3含 234Th的 6mol/dm3 HNO3 溶液中,用体积比为 0. 5的TOA/苯溶液 2cm3 萃取,然后用 2cm3 1. 0mol/dm3 H2SO4反萃取,最高萃取率达 94%.对TOA/苯、TBP/煤油和TTA/苯这 3种萃取体系的萃取效率及其影响因素、萃取机理、成本等做了比较,认为 3种体系各有利弊,但均可有效地应用于相关的海洋学研究中.     

导管架平台非线性随机响应分析

本文分析研究了导管架平台结构在随机波浪作用下的动力响应问题。采用空间刚架单元建立有限元方程。认为海浪是零均值、平稳、各态历经的高斯过程,波高谱服从P-M分布.利用线性波理论及广义Morison公式计算波浪载荷。计及流体与结构运动之间的耦合,用统计线性化方法处理非线性水动阻尼力。结构的均方响应通过迭代求得。计算了一个总高65m、工作水深55m的平台结构在多种工况下的均方响应,并分析比较了几种不同简化模型所得结果之间的差异。     

砾石河宽的动力调整

基于任意面上非粘性沙颗粒的受力分析,考虑了非平衡条件,推导了更具普遍性的泥沙输移矢量式。文中经对公式简化和编程计算,并对计算值与Ikeda和笔者顺直河道河宽调整试验资料加以验证。两者吻合较好。     

Tide simulation using the mild-slope equation with Coriolis force and bottom friction

Since the mild-slope equation was derived by Berkhoff (1972),the researchers considered various mechanism to simplify and improve the equation,which has been widely used for coastal wave field calculation.Recently,some scholars applied the mild-slope equation in simulating the tidal motion,which proves that the equation is capable to calculate the tide in actual terrain.But in their studies,they made a lot of simplifications,and did not consider the effects of Coriolis force and bottom friction on tidal wave.In this paper,the first-order linear mild-slope equations are deduced from Kirby mild-slope equation including wave and current interaction.Then,referring to the method of wave equations’ modification,the Coriolis force and bottom friction term are considered,and the effects of which have been performed with the radial sand ridges topography.Finally,the results show that the modified mild-slope equation can be used to simulate tidal motion,and the calculations agree well with the measurements,thus the applicability and validity of the mild-slope equation on tidal simulation are further proved.     

Generation mechanisms for capillary-gravity wind wave spectrum

We investigate the role of different physical mechanisms in the generation of the capillary-gravity wind wave spectrum. This spectrum is calculated by integrating a nonstationary kinetic equation until the solution becomes stready. The mechanisms of spectrum generation under consideration include three-wave interactions, viscous dissipation, energy influx from wind, nonlinear dissipation, and the generation of a parasitic capillary ripple. The three-wave interactions are taken into account as an integral of collisions without additional simplifications. It is shown that the three-wave interactions lead to solution instability if the kinetic equation takes into account only linear sources. To stabilize the solution, the kinetic equation should incorporate a nonlinear dissipation term, which in the range of short gravity waves corresponds to energy losses during wave breaking and microscale wave breaking. In the range of capillary waves, the account of nonlinear dissipation is also needed to ensure a realistic level of the spectrum for large wind velocities. For the steady-state spectrum, the role of three-wave interactions remains essential merely in the range of the minimum of phase velocity, where a trough on the curvature spectrum is formed. At the remaining intervals of the spectrum, the main contribution into the spectral energy balance is provided by the mechanisms of wave injection, nonlinear dissipation, and the generation of parasitic capillaries.     

一种基于FFT波束形成的BDI算法分析研究

多波束条带测深你是进行海底地形测绘的主要设备，该设备的信号处理部分所要完成的主要任务就是精确测量深点目标回波的DOA（Direction of Arrival）和TOA（Time of Arrival）。研究了基于FFT波束形成技术的BDI（Bearing Diviation Indicator）算法，算法可完成对海底回波信号的时间和方向的联合估计。通过计算机仿真工作和海试数据的处理，得出结论：FFT波束形成技术可以有效地提高波束形成的数目：BDI可以精确地海底回波信号进行回波时延估计和方向估计，尤其是BDI算法可以提高镜向海底区域的边缘波束的测量精度。     

水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜传热特性的研究

对管式高效传热传质元件的工程应用进行理论探讨,根据水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜的形成机理及传热特性,通过建立单组分流体的物理和数学模型,得到了液膜速度和厚度解析解,并分析了在蒸发、冷凝时水平螺槽管的表面几何形状对液膜厚度分布的影响。结果表明：液膜的厚度主要受表面张力和槽道表面几何形状的影响,在槽道内弯处较厚,而在槽道起始处较薄,冷凝时与蒸发时相比液膜厚度更薄,液膜分布更均匀。相对于光滑直管,水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜具有更均匀的厚度分布,具有更好的传热传质性能。     

Countergradient heat transfer in the atmospheric boundary layer over a rough surface

The nonlocality of the mechanism of turbulent heat transfer in the atmospheric boundary layer over a rough surface manifests itself in the form of bounded areas of countergradient heat transfer, which are diagnosed from analysis of balance items in the transport equation for the variance of temperature fluctuations and from calculation of the coefficients of turbulent momentum and heat transfer invoking the model of “gradient diffusion.” It is shown that countergradient heat transfer in local regions is caused by turbulent diffusion or by the term of the divergence of triple correlation in the balance equation for the temperature variance.     

A Passive Localization Algorithm and Its Accurancy Analysis

The problem of estimating source location from noisy measurements of range differences (RD's) is considered. A localization technique based on solving a set of linear equations is presented and its accuracy properties are analyzed. An optimal weighting matrix for the least squares estimator is derived. The analytical expressions for the variance and bias of the estimator are validated by Monte-Carlo simulation. The problem of estimating source velocity given measurements of range differences and range-rate differences is briefly considered, and a linear equation technique is derived.     

Vertical dynamic impedance of large-diameter pile considering its transverse inertia effect and construction disturbance effect

The vertical dynamic impedance of the large-diameter pile is theoretically investigated considering the construction disturbance effect. First, the Rayleigh–Love rode model is introduced to simulate the large-diameter pile with the consideration of its transverse inertia effect. The shear complex stiffness transfer model is proposed to simulate the radial inhomogeneity of the pile surrounding soil caused by the construction disturbance effect. Then, the pile–soil system is divided into finite segments, and the governing equation of the pile–soil system subjected to vertical dynamic loading is established. Following this, the analytical solution of vertical dynamic impedance at the pile head is obtained by means of the shear complex stiffness transfer method and the impedance function transfer method. Based on the present solution, a parametric analysis is conducted to investigate the influence of the transverse inertia effect on the vertical dynamic impedance at the pile head and its relationship with the pile–soil parameters. Finally, comparisons with published solutions are carried out to verify the reliability of the present solution.     

Design sensitivity analysis for vertical free vibration of hull girder

This paper presents a calculation method of derivatives of natural frequencies and mode shapes to parameters affecting vertical hull girder vibration based on design sensitivity analysis. The method premises free vibration analysis of hull girder using the transfer matrix method. Governing sensitivity equation is derived from the direct differentiation of state vector and transfer matrix to design variables. Derivatives of natural frequencies and mode shapes are determined after two trial calculations of the equation. By using the obtained derivatives, the changes of natural frequencies can be rationally and efficiently predicted in case of ship design modification and loading variation.