乌兹别克斯坦穆龙套金矿床研究进展

中亚南天山是世界重要的金成矿带,分布有乌兹别克斯坦的穆龙套、吉尔吉斯斯坦的库姆托尔、塔吉克斯坦的吉拉乌、中国新疆的萨瓦亚尔顿等一系列大型-超大型金矿床。选择乌兹别克斯坦穆龙套金矿床这一亚洲最大的金矿床,在收集前人研究资料及成果基础上对矿床产出环境、地质特征、找矿理论方法进行了总结,认为穆龙套超大型金矿床是长期的、复杂的地质事件综合作用的产物,南天山断裂交汇部位及存在隐伏岩体的部位是寻找此类矿床的有利部位,并通过穆龙套矿床找矿实例说明岩石次生晕地球化学测量方法是寻找此类矿床的有效勘查方法;以期对我国南天山成矿带寻找"穆龙套型"金矿床提供有益的参考。     

新疆西天山克拉克斯赛依金矿点地质特征

克拉克斯赛依金矿点处于中亚南天山锑、汞、金成矿带,距哈萨克斯坦大型的穆龙套型查尔库拉金矿床仅6km,资料显示二者成矿背景和成矿特征具有一致性。在分析克拉克斯赛依金矿点的地质背景、矿区地质、矿体地质特征的基础上,与吉尔吉斯斯坦的库姆托尔金矿床、新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床两个典型穆龙套金矿床的成矿特征进行了对比分析,进而指出该金矿点的成矿类型不是热液蚀变型,且与穆龙套型相似,具有较好的穆龙套型金矿成矿和找矿潜力。     

世界最大的黄金生产矿山联合体

穆龙套矿山联合体包括几个矿床,其黄金产量可能占目前苏联黄金产量的一半.南非维特瓦特斯兰德金矿是世界上最大的金矿区和产金区.但其主产能力并不如苏联穆龙套金矿.苏联穆龙套金矿床发现于1956——1957年,随后就开始开采.七十年代早期该矿年产量为7080吨(2.3——2.6百万盎司/年),最近几年它已成为世界最大约生产矿山.苏联作者没有公布该矿的黄金储量和产量数字,穆龙套矿山联合体当前黄金年产量很可能为143吨(4.6百万盎司/年).穆龙套金矿位于西乌兹别克斯坦天山山脉西南段(萨马尔罕附近)库习尔库姆——阿拉依系奥明扎-奴拉丁构造带的西北部.矿床产于晚元古代岩石中.但围岩的时代仍有争论,有     

新疆天山黑色岩系型矿床的地质特征及找矿方向

概要介绍了中国天山黑色岩系分布和黑色岩系型矿床的地质特征。中国天山黑色岩系发育，主要集中在古生代，其次为中生代，目前发现与黑色岩系有关的矿种有金、钒、铀、磷、锑。中亚天山黑色岩系中发现了穆龙套和库姆托尔世界级金矿床，中国天山是其东延部分，发现了萨瓦亚尔顿、大山口、萨恨托亥等金矿床，呈现出良好的找矿前景。穆龙套金矿和萨瓦亚尔顿金矿是黑色岩系型金矿的典型代表，中国黑色岩系型金矿与中亚黑色岩系型金矿有许多相似之处。分析认为，吉根-塔尔特库里、乌兰赛尔-大山口、乌什北山、阿克牙孜河等地是最具前景的找金矿靶区，今后应加大萨瓦亚尔顿金矿的勘查和研究力度，同时注意寻找黑色岩系中的铂、钯、铜等矿种。     

黑色岩系型金矿遥感解译与成矿规律研究——以乌兹别克斯坦龙套金矿床为例

黑色岩系型金矿床是世界最具工业价值的金矿床类型之一,其勘查方法种类繁多。通过对已发现的黑色岩系型金矿床进行遥感地质解译,利用影像上色、形、纹等标志,结合其地质背景来建立一套遥感找矿模型,能够对该类型金矿床寻找提供高效、便捷的途径。研究以亚洲最典型的黑色岩系型金矿床—乌兹别克斯坦穆龙套金矿床为例,通过对矿床区域地层、构造及蚀变等遥感信息进行详细解译,建立了相应的遥感解译标志,总结出了该类金矿床的遥感特征及成矿规律,建立了遥感找矿模型。     

黑色岩系型金矿遥感解译与成矿规律研究——以乌兹别克斯坦龙套金矿床为例

黑色岩系型金矿床是世界最具工业价值的金矿床类型之一,其勘查方法种类繁多。通过对已发现的黑色岩系型金矿床进行遥感地质解译,利用影像上色、形、纹等标志,结合其地质背景来建立一套遥感找矿模型,能够对该类型金矿床寻找提供高效、便捷的途径。研究以亚洲最典型的黑色岩系型金矿床—乌兹别克斯坦穆龙套金矿床为例,通过对矿床区域地层、构造及蚀变等遥感信息进行详细解译,建立了相应的遥感解译标志,总结出了该类金矿床的遥感特征及成矿规律,建立了遥感找矿模型。     

澳大利亚卡尔古利高登麦尔世界级金矿床

高登麦尔(Golden Mile)金矿床位于西澳珀斯(Perth)东约600km的卡尔古利市附近,是目前所知的全球第三大金矿床(前两位分别为南非的兰德和乌兹别克斯坦的穆龙套),金储量约2000t。它也被称为是世界上最大的太古宙造山型金矿床,其超级露天采坑(SuperPit)长达3·8km,宽1·35km,深     

乌兹别克斯坦扎尔米坦(Zarmitan)金矿床

该矿床位于乌兹别克斯坦西部努拉套山南坡撤马尔罕西北80 km处,产于乌兹别克斯坦南天山最大的克齐尔库姆—努拉套含金省内,估计金储量约400 t.该含金省内还有世界名矿穆龙套以及道吉兹套、科克帕塔斯、阿曼泰套和萨尔米奇等矿床. 克齐尔库姆—努拉套含金省是南天山海西褶皱带中泽拉夫尚—突厥斯坦构造—建造带的一部分.据П.Н.佐年沙因等人研究(1990),南天山西部自寒武纪到中石炭世曾是突厥斯坦海.黑色泥质复理石沉积在被动大陆斜坡上.晚石炭世和二叠纪洋盆封闭,南天山构造带发生了强烈的大陆碰撞,结果形成了南天山主要的推覆断裂,中古…     

我国首例穆龙套型金矿床的发现

穆龙套金矿床,以其独特的产出条件和巨大储量,已成为世界上最重要的金矿类型之一。笔者经过多年对中国新疆西南天山地区的地质调研工作,确认了我国首例穆龙套型金矿床—— 萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床。该矿床产于一套浊积岩系中,受地层、岩性及构造破碎带控制明显;矿石的矿物组成和矿石类型较复杂;金以自然金、银金矿等产出外,毒砂、黄铁矿是其重要载体矿物;成矿热液活动可划分出明显的五个阶段;成矿物质具多源性;成矿作用是通过大气降水补给地下水,下渗至深部经加热循环并溶滤地层中的矿质,经活化、转移到容矿地层内构造破碎带中,经充填交代而成矿。     

新疆天山金矿可持续发展建议

新疆天山成矿带是我国重要的金成矿带,主要发育韧性剪切带型、火山型和穆龙套型3种类型金矿床。随着社会经济的快速发展,黄金的需求量在逐年增大,这就要求新疆对金矿的勘查开发要加大力度。本文通过研究新疆天山金矿的特征并就可持续发展提出建议。     

Nanoscale metals in Earthgas and mobile forms of metals in overburden in wide-spaced regional exploration for giant deposits in overburden terrains

This paper describes the use of NAnoscale Metals in EarthGas (NAMEG) and MObile forms of MEtals in Overburden (MOMEO) methods in regional scale geochemical exploration for giant deposits in terrains covered by overburden. These methods are based on the premise that gases generated from the earth's interior can not only transport mobile forms of elements from an ore deposit and its geochemical halos to the surface to form a local anomaly, but also transport them from distinct bedrock “geochemical blocks” hosting large and giant ore deposits and give rise to large regional geochemical anomalies and geochemical provinces at the surface.Regional NAMEG and MOMEO surveys for giant gold deposits were carried out in Shandong Province, where the largest gold deposits in China are found, and in the Muruntau region of the Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan, one of the world's largest gold ore provinces.In Shandong Province, where most of the area is covered by complex overburden, large regional anomalies in earthgas and water-extractable Au were delineated over and around the giant gold deposits. For many trace elements, the anomalies are larger in area and have greater contrast than those from other methods. High concentration of water soluble Au extends into the southern area covered by transported overburden, suggesting that this region may have potential for the discovery of new concealed gold deposits. The anomalous provinces of Au in both earthgas and water soluble salts coincide with a deep fault, supporting the idea that the deep fault is the main conduit of Au from the interior.In the central Kyzylkum Desert, nearly all Au-hosting rocks are covered by sedimentary sequences overlain by desert sand. Gold and As anomalies over Muruntau and Kokpatas gold deposits have contrasts ranging from 2 to 400 times background. Strong anomalies were also discovered in the south of the Muruntau region, suggesting a promising area for the discovery of new giant gold deposits.     

Sm–Nd and Sr isotope systematics of scheelite from the giant Au(–W) deposit Muruntau (Uzbekistan): implications for the age and sources of Au mineralization

The application of the Sm-Nd isotope system of scheelite to dating of low-sulfide, quartz-vein hosted Au mineralization is still under discussion. In the present work, new Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr data for scheelite from the giant Muruntau/Myutenbai Au deposit (Kyzylkum, Western Uzbekistan) are discussed. Based on the geological relationship, mineralogical properties, and trace element characteristics, two types of scheelite can be distinguished within the deposit. The first one is represented by early bluish luminescent and weakly coloured scheelite (generation 1) found within strongly deformed flat quartz veins. The apparent isochron defined by this scheelite (351ᆪ Ma) is interpreted as a mixing line. Typically brownish to orange and yellowish luminescent scheelite from steeply dipping veins (generation 2) defines a Sm-Nd isochron age of 279ᆦ Ma ()_Nd=-9.5ǂ.3; MSWD: 1.5). No evidence for mixing or disturbance by late alteration were found for these scheelites. This Sm-Nd isochron age agrees with the Rb-Sr and K-Ar age range for wall rock alteration in this deposit reported previously. The age of 280 Ma is interpreted to date the high-grade ore formation in the Muruntau deposit. There are currently no reliable age data available on the magmatic events in the Muruntau region. Probably, there is some overlap in time of the Hercynian gold deposition with the intrusion of lamprophyric dykes. The Nd and Sr isotopic signatures of scheelite define the wall rocks (mainly metasiltstones and metasandstones) as the most probable sources for these elements in scheelite.     

Nanomineralogy and nanogeochemistry of ores from gold deposits of Uzbekistan

Gold deposits of Uzbekistan are localized in the Kyzylkum, Nurata, and Kurama ore districts of the Kyzylkum-Kurama metallogenic belt. They comprise a consecutive series of deposit types corresponding to the series of geochemical associations: (Au-W)—(Au-As)—(Au-Te)—(Au-Ag)—(Au-Sb)—(Au-Hg), which are arranged as a system of zones in orebodies, deposits, ore fields, and ore districts. The distribution of chemical elements characterized by average global concentrations in the crust within the ppm-ppb (10⁻⁶-10⁻⁹ t) range was studied in ores of gold deposits using an ICP MS Elan DRC II device. Mineral nanoassemblages with a grain size of 10⁻⁶ to 10⁻⁹ m were examined with a Jeol YXA 8800R Superprobe. The Au-W, Au-As, and Au-Te associations with Bi tellurides and maldonite in ore dominate at hypo- and meso-abyssal gold deposits of the Kyzylkum district (Muruntau, Myutenbay). The contribution of the Au-Sb association with Pb, Ag, and Fe sulfoantimonites and aurostibite increases at the Daughyztau, Kokpatas, and Amantaitau gold deposits. The Au-As, Au-Te, and Au-Sb associations with Bi tellurides, maldonite, sulfoantimonites, and aurostibite dominate at the mesoabyssal gold deposits of the Nurata district (Charmitan, Guzhumsay). The Au-Te and Au-Ag associations with Au, Ag, Pb, Sb, Bi, and Hg tellurides and Bi selenides dominate at the hypabyssal gold deposits of the Kurama district (Kochbulak, Kayragach). The gold-silver deposits of the Kyzylkum district (Kosmanachi, Vysokovol’tnoe) and the Kurama district (Kyzylalmasay, Arabulak) are close in composition. They are characterized by development of intermetallides, sulfides, sulfosalts, and selenides of Au-Ag and occasionally Au-Sb associations. Fineness of gold decreases from early to late geochemical associations, whereas the size of gold grains increases in the same direction from nanogold to visible gold. The studies at the micro- and nanolevel make it possible to establish the attributes of specific gold mineralization, to substantiate prospecting guides, and to estimate the erosion level and resource potential of hidden ore objects. The greater and more diverse a set of micro- and nanominerals, the larger a gold deposit is.     

南秦岭卡林型—似卡林型金矿床综合地质地球化学特征

笔者将南秦岭卡林型－似卡林型金矿床与与其共生的热水沉积成因铅锌矿床，中国滇黔桂卡林型金矿床、卡林型金矿床命名地美国西部卡林金矿床、乌兹别克斯坦穆龙套型金矿床等进行了地质地球化学综合对比研究，可以发现，这些矿床的形成均与现代板块构造活动机制具有密切耦合关系，属于造山期成矿矿床，它们既具有相似特点：容矿建造属沉积岩型，沉积构造环境具有拉张裂陷性质，均显示同生一叠加改造两次成矿作用的特征；它们又具明显差别；所属大地构造背景不同，造山带组成及结构存在明显差别，叠加改造成矿作用表现的复杂和强烈程度差别较大，造山带区域构造演化与大规模成矿作用是同一大陆动力学过程的不同表现。     

PETROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE MINERALIZED CLASTIC SEQUENCE AT THE AMANTAYTAU GOLD DEPOSIT

Amantaytau is one of the deposits of the rich gold province of eastern Uzbekistan, and formed at a lower temperature than the great Muruntau deposits. Comparison of major and minor element contents in regionally metamorphosed and mineralized rock (metasandstones, meta-siltstones, and metashales) shows that gold mineralization was associated with potassium metasomatism. Silver mineralization (less important at Amantaytau than at some nearby deposits) was a later lower-temperature process. The trace element assemblages may be used as ore guides.     

黔东南金矿形成时代的确定兼论湘黔加里东金矿带

黔东南金矿是赋存在新元古代浅变质岩系中的石英脉型金矿,变质岩的原岩是一套火山-沉积岩,由凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩、粉砂岩等组成,多具清楚的条纹韵律结构,反映了一种浊流沉积的环境。石英脉的产出受背斜构造和剪切断裂控制,有整合层间脉与断裂破碎带充填脉两种类型。石英脉的组成比较简单,除石英外,主要是硫化物类矿物及捕获的围岩成分。通过对5个矿点的石英中包裹体的Rb-Sr同位素测定和等时线法定年,确定其成矿时代为加里东期,与比邻的湘西同类型金矿的形成时代一致。根据赋矿地层岩性、地质演化历史与构造环境的比较,圈划出了一个湘黔加里东金矿带,对今后的找矿工作会有参考价值。     

The Lithogenic Nature of Some Gold Deposits in Carbonaceous–Terrigenous Sequences

Carbonaceous–terrigenous sequences hosting the largest gold deposits in Russia are divided for the first time into two lithochemical (normal potassic and anomalous sodic) rock types. It is shown that the type of terrigenous rock alkalinity is governed by peculiarities of the tectonic evolution of sedimentary-rock basins and stages of lithogenesis. The alkalinity type reflects the character of ore-forming processes. In potassic rocks, primarily disseminated-stringer gold–sulfide deposits are formed as a result of sedimentary-diagenetic processes. In sodic rocks, gold–quartz veins and stringer zones are formed as a result of elisional and catagenetic transformations. All these deposits should be identified as lithogenic objects. Processes of the subsequent zonal metamorphism or tectonomagmatic reactivation complicate the structure of gold deposits (sedimentary-diagenetic sulfide and elisional-catagenetic quartz veins) or create new deposits at the expense of primary lithogenic ore material in other lithostructural environments.     

Malinovka deposit—A new type of gold mineralization in Primorye,Russia: Geology,mineralogy, and genesis

Original data on the ore composition are obtained by studying samples from mining workings. In terms of mineral composition, gold-productive veinlets are subdivided into three types: sulfide–quartz, sulfide–carbonate–quartz, and sulfide. The wall-rock metasomatites and typomorphic features of the minerals are studied and the genetic problems of the ores and deposit are discussed. It is established that the Malinovka deposit is ascribed to the gold–tourmaline type (gold–quartz formation), which is identified for the first time in Primorye. In terms of many parameters, the ores of this type are close to those of the large deposits from the Transbaikalian and Amur regions (Klyuchevsky, Kariy, Kirov, Darasun, and others), which are genetically related to granitoid magmatism.     

东川矿区小溜口组金矿化特征及其找矿意义

东川矿区播卡地区小溜口组金矿的发现为矿区昆阳群的找矿工作开拓了新的找矿思路。通过研究小溜口组金矿化特征、载金矿物黄铁矿特征、金赋存状态等特征,初步提出本区金矿化与穆龙套金矿床特征相类似,属于黑色岩系金矿的思路,认为在滇中地区昆阳群钠质火山岩、黑色碳硅质页岩系中进行金矿找矿有巨大潜力。     

新疆那拉提山-哈尔克山北坡金矿集区远景分析

论述那拉提山-哈尔克山北坡地区的成矿地质背景及成矿特征,简述了中亚天山构造-成矿带金矿资源梗概并与区内进行了对比;从研究区的成矿地质条件、矿化特征和化探异常资料出发,分析了区内金矿的成矿远景,指出区内是新疆寻找穆龙套型金矿最有远景的地区之一,进而提出5个找矿远景区.