两条不同类型的HP/LT和UHP变质带对祁连-阿尔金早古生代造山作用的制约

在祁连-阿尔金造山带的南北两侧,分别出露有北祁连-北阿尔金HP/LT变质带和柴北缘-南阿尔金UHP变质带。北祁连-北阿尔金HP/LT变质带主要由蓝片岩、低温榴辉岩和高压变沉积岩所组成,榴辉岩形成的温压条件为420～570℃和2.0～2.5GPa,形成时代为510～440Ma。含硬柱石榴辉岩和含纤柱石高压变沉积岩的存在显示洋壳俯冲把大量水带到地幔深处。与HP/LT变质带伴生的早古生代蛇绿岩、俯冲增生杂岩、岛弧、弧后盆地等显示北祁连-北阿尔金为典型的早古生代增生造山带。柴北缘-南阿尔金UHP变质带由榴辉岩、石榴橄榄岩、高压麻粒岩及具有陆壳性质的正副片麻岩所组成,它们遭受了超高压变质作用(T700℃,P2.8GPa),UHP变质时代为500～420Ma,榴辉岩的原岩时代为750～850Ma,形成于新元古代的大陆裂谷环境。野外地质关系、岩石学及年代学研究显示柴北缘-南阿尔金HP-UHP变质带为大陆深俯冲作用的产物。在柴北缘-南阿尔金UHP变质带中,超高压榴辉岩和高压麻粒岩同时形成在不同的构造热环境中,构成大陆俯冲及碰撞造山带中的"双变质带",同时也显示柴北缘-南阿尔金造山带具有典型碰撞造山带的特征。祁连-阿尔金造山带南北两侧几乎同时发生增生造山作用和碰撞造山作用,构成由不同造山类型所组成的复合造山带。南北两侧的HP/LT变质带和UHP变质带以及可能存在的不同类型双变质带制约了祁连-阿尔金造山带早古生代的造山性质、造山类型以及造山机制。     

中天山北缘青铝闪石和多硅白云母的发现及其地质意义

新疆中天山北缘存在一条早古生代构造混杂岩带。在该带东段乌斯特沟和干沟混杂岩中，发现了蓝闪石类矿物和多硅白云母。经电子探针分析，蓝闪石类矿物为青铝闪石，形成时压力为６７×１０５ｋＰａ。测得多硅白云母的ｂ０值为９０４１Ａ，晶体结构式中的离子数Ｓｉ平均为３４３。这些高压矿物的发现为确定中天山北缘构造混杂岩带的变质相提供了确凿的证据，从而为研究天山造山带的构造演化和古板块的活动史提供了必要的基础资料     

柴达木北缘石榴石橄榄岩的发现及其意义

本文论证了柴达木北缘胜利口含镁铝榴石超基性岩不是“似金伯利岩”而是石榴石橄榄岩。岩相学、矿物化学资料显示其为大陆边缘上覆于俯冲板块的地幔楔形区物质。石榴石橄榄岩在土地幔平衡的Ｐ－Ｔ条件为２５×ｌ０￣８Ｐａ和８５０℃左右，显示造山带高压变质岩的地温特征。柴达木北缘石榴石橄榄岩与榴辉岩的发现表明它是一条高压变质带，是该地区古生代洋壳俯冲、大陆碰撞的产物。     

北祁连清水沟红帘石变硅质岩矿物学、原岩特征及地质意义

北祁连早古生代大洋俯冲带以发育早古生代的蛇绿（混杂）岩带及高压低温变质带为特征。在清水沟高压低温混杂岩片中出露蛇纹岩以及榴辉岩、蓝片岩、红帘石硅质岩和多硅白云母石英片岩等典型高压低温变质岩石。本文对北祁连清水沟含红帘石的变硅质岩进行了详细的岩相学、矿物化学及地球化学分析,发现该岩石主要由石英、多硅白云母、红帘石、石榴子石、蓝闪石、单斜辉石以及砷硅锰矿、赤铁矿等矿物组成,结合矿物化学及围岩变质条件,推测该岩石可能也经历了高压低温榴辉岩相变质作用。全岩地球化学分析结果表明,北祁连清水沟含红帘石变硅质岩的原岩为远洋环境沉积的含泥硅质岩,由于热液活动的参与,使得Fe、Mn富集沉积,进而与大陆活动边缘或大陆岛弧物质被卷入到俯冲带中,共同经历了高压低温变质作用。变硅质岩中红帘石、砷硅锰矿以及石榴子石中大量的赤铁矿包裹体表明该岩石形成于高氧逸度条件,而石榴子石中的Fe3+从核部到边部的降低趋势,也表明俯冲变质过程中氧逸度的变化,这一过程释放的氧所形成的流体对于探究岩石圈地幔氧逸度变化、岛弧岩浆生成以及俯冲带氧循环等方面具有重要的意义。     

新疆西天山高压变质带的变质矿物与变质作用演化

新疆西天山高压变质带主要由石榴石，角闪石，绿辉石，多硅白云母，钠云母，绿帘石，绿泥石，钠长石，石英，榍石和金红石等组成，石榴石主要含铁铝榴石组份，角闪石有蓝闪石，亚铁蓝闪石，青铝闪石，冻蓝闪石等类型，变质矿物组合显示高压变质带经历了由硬柱石蓝片岩相，榴辉岩相，绿帘蓝片岩相至绿片岩相的变质作用演化进程。     

鄂北高压榴辉岩相变质带的变质、变形和流体演化

大别高压超高压变质带从南到北可分成四个带,它们是绿帘蓝片岩带、高压榴辉岩带(南带)、超高压榴辉岩带和高压榴辉岩带(北带).高压榴辉岩相变质带以蓝闪石榴辉岩为代表,并出现多硅白云母、绿帘石、石英、金红石和锆石等变质矿物. 石榴石中含有前榴辉岩相变质形成的矿物包体,并具典型的进变质成分环带.高压榴辉岩中保存了其进、退变质作用全过程中的岩石学和构造信息,即在挤压体制下,表壳岩石经绿帘角闪岩相到榴辉岩相进变质作用和强烈韧性变形;在继续挤压逆冲机制下高压变质岩的大幅度折返,从壳幔边界上升到地壳中、浅层次,并发生绿帘角闪相退变质作用和多期韧性变形;在伸展体制下经滑脱、断块升降、差异抬升高压变质岩块体暴露到地表,并发生绿片岩相退变质作用和韧-脆性变形.高压变质作用过程中存在广泛的流体-岩石相互作用, 气液包裹体和高压含水矿物的稳定产出,是最有力的证据.流体的成分、含量、迁移形式控制着变质反应,是影响高压变质岩形成与保存的热力学和动力学条件.     

柴达木北缘鱼卡-落凤坡榴辉岩-片麻岩单元的变质变形深化

鱼卡-落风坡榴辉岩-片麻岩单元位于柴北缘HP/UHP变质带的西段.微构造分析和岩相学观察显示,榴辉岩及相关岩石经历了3期与俯冲和折返作用有关的变质变形阶段:①前榴辉岩相阶段,变质变形组构主要以包裹体的形式保存在具有生长环带的石榴子石核部,矿物组合为Ep Pl Amp,并局部显示出S形或反S形分布的特征,反映与俯冲作用有关的变形组构以不对称的旋转应变为特征.②榴辉岩相变质变形阶段,以绿辉石、多硅白云母等矿物围绕石榴子石定向分布为特征,构成榴辉岩相条件下的面理和拉伸线理.缺乏明显的不对称组构,显示榴辉岩相的变形作用以共轴变形为特征.③后榴辉岩相变质变形阶段,以角闪石、斜长石等矿物的定向分布为特征,其变形组构主要存在于围绕榴辉岩透镜体分布的退变榴辉岩(角闪石化榴辉岩)和围岩中,与区域上占主导地位的片麻岩中角闪岩相的变形构造一致,与榴辉岩的折返作用有关.榴辉岩及相关岩石的变质变形演化代表了鱼卡-落风坡榴辉岩-片麻岩单元从俯冲到折返的构造热历史.     

柴达木北缘鱼卡-落凤坡榴辉岩-片麻岩单元的变质变形演化

鱼卡－落凤坡榴辉岩－片麻岩单元位于柴北缘HP/UHP 变质带的西段。微构造分析和岩相学观察显示,榴辉岩及相关岩石经历了3期与俯冲和折返作用有关的变质变形阶段：①前榴辉岩相阶段,变质变形组构主要以包裹体的形式保存在具有生长环带的石榴子石核部,矿物组合为Ep+Pl+Amp,并局部显示出S形或反S形分布的特征,反映与俯冲作用有关的变形组构以不对称的旋转应变为特征。②榴辉岩相变质变形阶段,以绿辉石、多硅白云母等矿物围绕石榴子石定向分布为特征,构成榴辉岩相条件下的面理和拉伸线理。缺乏明显的不对称组构,显示榴辉岩相的变形作用以共轴变形为特征。③后榴辉岩相变质变形阶段,以角闪石、斜长石等矿物的定向分布为特征,其变形组构主要存在于围绕榴辉岩透镜体分布的退变榴辉岩（角闪石化榴辉岩）和围岩中,与区域上占主导地位的片麻岩中角闪岩相的变形构造一致,与榴辉岩的折返作用有关。榴辉岩及相关岩石的变质变形演化代表了鱼卡-落凤坡榴辉岩-片麻岩单元从俯冲到折返的构造热历史。     

北秦岭高压-超高压岩石的时空分布、P-T-t演化及其形成机制

北秦岭构造带早古生代的构造格局和演化过程一直是地学界比较关注也是存在较大争议的问题之一.在已有研究基础上,系统总结了本课题组近年来在北秦岭早古生代高压-超高压变质作用研究方面的进展,从变质作用角度对北秦岭早古生代的构造演化提供重要限定.丹凤斜长角闪岩中柯石英的发现为区内超高压变质作用的存在提供了最直接的矿物学证据;东秦岭秦岭杂岩中的斜长角闪岩普遍经历了高压-超高压榴辉岩相变质,具面状分布的特征,是陆壳俯冲/深俯冲作用的产物;高压-超高压榴辉岩和围岩片麻岩都记录了顺时针的P-T-t轨迹,峰期变质时代为500~490 Ma,之后主体又经历约470~450 Ma和约420~400 Ma两期抬升退变质叠加和部分熔融作用;高压-超高压岩石两期退变质和部分熔融发生的时代与北秦岭460~440Ma和~420Ma的两期岩浆事件的时代一致,说明北秦岭早古生代岩浆作用是深俯冲陆壳板片断离和碰撞造山结束后地壳伸展作用的岩浆响应;高压-超高压榴辉岩原岩形成时代约800 Ma,具有与南秦岭新元古代中晚期岩浆岩一致的地球化学特征,北秦岭超高压岩石的形成可能是商丹洋关闭后洋壳拖曳着南秦岭陆壳物质向北发生大陆深俯冲的结果,商丹洋在500 Ma主体应该已经关闭;秦岭岩群是部分而不是整体经历了大陆的深俯冲,现今的秦岭岩群是一个俯冲碰撞杂岩带而不是一个岩石地层单元或微陆块;北秦岭早古生代造山作用在中泥盆世已经结束,整体处于构造隆升后的剥蚀阶段,是南秦岭刘岭群碎屑岩的主要蚀源区,刘岭群沉积盆地形成于碰撞造山后的伸展构造背景而非弧前环境.      

西天山高压脉及主岩的氧同位素研究——古俯冲带深部流体及俯冲特征的启示

位于中国南天山的西天山高压变质带代表了伊犁-中天山与塔里木两个板块间古生代南天山洋的古俯冲混杂岩带.高压变质带内广泛发育高压脉.为探讨古俯冲深部流体来源及运移特点及板块俯冲特征,对高压脉和主岩的全岩及主要的高压变质矿物的氧同位素进行了分析.高压脉的δ18O值变化于+8.28‰与+10.70‰之间,多数在+9.50‰±1范围内.基性变质岩的主岩与高压脉具相似的氧同位素组成,变化于+9.25‰～+10.10‰之间.高压脉和主岩的全岩δ18O值变化不大.高压脉与相邻主岩间、同一高压脉中间与边部间氧同位素组成的变化没有明显的规律,一般变化不大,对于大多数脉-主岩对,变化小于1‰.与全岩完全不同的是,单矿物氧同位素组成显示出很大的变化范围,石英、石榴石、绿辉石的δ18O值分别为+11.40‰～+15.20‰,+3.59‰～+11.60‰和+8.30‰～+13.05‰,多硅白云母和蓝闪石δ18O的变化较小,分别为+10.00‰～+11.10‰和+9.26‰～+9.94‰.榴辉质岩石中高压变质矿物间氧同位素分馏广泛不平衡.全岩氧同位素组成特征表明,俯冲带深部流体主体来自邻近主岩,外来流体对氧同位素贡献有限.单矿物氧同位素广泛不平衡特征可能指示古俯冲带俯冲板片的快速俯冲和折返以及部分外来流体的参与.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)