一种基于位置的移动服务系统的设计与实现

基于位置的移动服务需要设计高效、稳定和可扩展的体系结构与开发方式，提出了一种基于Web服务的LBS体系结构（WS-LBS），并设计了WS-LBS系统框架，实现了空间信息服务的构建与发布机制，扩展了终端用户，实现了一个WS-LBS原型系统。     

Location-based services: technical and business issues

Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies are expanding their traditional applications to embrace a stream of consumer-focused, location-based applications. Through an integration with handheld devices capable of wireless communication and mobile computing, a wide range of what may be generically referred to as 'Location-Based Services' (LBS) may be offered to mobile users. A location-based service is able to provide targeted spatial information to mobile workers and consumers. These include utility location information, personal or asset tracking, concierge and route-guidance information, to name just a few of the possible LBS. The technologies and applications of LBS will play an ever increasingly important role in the modern, mobile, always-connected society. This paper endeavours to provide some background to the technology underlying location-based services, and to discuss some issues related to developing and launching LBS. These include whether wireless mobile technologies are ready to support LBS, which mobile positioning technologies can be used and what are their shortcomings, and how GIS developers manipulate spatial information to generate appropriate map images on mobile devices (such as cell phones and PDAs). In addition, the authors discuss such issues as interoperability, privacy protection and the market demand for LBS. Electronic Publication     

Expanding the SDI environment: comparing current spatial data infrastructure with emerging indoor location-based services

The authors compare key elements of the emerging field of Indoor Location-Based Services (Indoor LBS) to those currently found in spatial data infrastructure (SDI) programs. After a brief review of SDIs and Location-Based Services, the corresponding drivers, characteristics and emerging issues within the field of Indoor LBS are introduced and discussed. A comparative framework relates the two in terms of the criteria ‘People’, ‘Data', ‘Technologies', ‘Standards' and ‘Policies/Institutional Arrangements'. After highlighting key similarities and differences, the authors suggested three areas – definition of common framework datasets in Indoor LBS, more effective use of volunteered geographic information by SDI programs and development of appropriate privacy policies by both communities – that may benefit from sharing ‘lessons learned'.     

LBS中基于SVG地图信息的自适应服务

随着手持设备的日益普及和基于位置服务技术的逐渐成熟,移动空间信息服务成为人们关注的热点。但目前LBS系统的协议和接口都采用了自己定义的,终端的地图显示软件各有不同,地图分层不清,(意思是:国内外终端设备上的地图显示软件很多,如MapXMobile、eSupermap等,这些软件没有针对终端的特殊条件(如低内存、计算资源有限等)对地图数据进行分层组织,)针对这些问题,本文提出了在LBS中地图信息的自适应服务,基于SVG的空间数据组织模型,用细节分层显示的方法根据服务请求对地图进行分层,通过建立移动地图信息自适应服务系统,实现LBS中地图信息的自适应服务。     

基于LBS的移动地理信息服务平台架构技术研究

基于位置的服务(LBS)需求日益增长,在GPS定位技术、通信技术以及电子计算机整体性能不断提高的前提下,LBS与移动GIS结合成为可能,并在专业领域和应用领域发挥重要作用。本文以基于LBS的移动地理信息服务平台架构技术为研究对象,首先分析了SOA架构概述和特性分析,探讨了基于SOA的LBS移动地理信息服务平台架构的设计思路,提出了实现策略,相信对从事相关工作的同行能有所裨益。     

Mobile Space-Time Envelopes for Location-Based Services

The convergence and miniaturisation of a range of information and communication technologies, together with increasing bandwidth availability and near ubiquity of mobile phones, are giving rise to a technological environment in which location‐based services (LBS) can realistically develop. In this paper we review the nature of location‐based services and the implications for data and spatial queries. In doing so, we put forward a research agenda that arises for geographical information science and engineering. Central to LBS are problems of response time and the information utility of responses to queries and any pushed alerts, where information utility refers to content, timeliness and geographical footprint. Within a publish/subscribe model of LBS provision, we propose mobile space‐time envelopes as a novel approach to event brokerage. These envelopes simultaneously provide ‘soft clip’ pruning of candidate data sets in anticipation of queries, and provide the trigger that subscribers are pertinently in‐range for alerts. We present the geometrical, algebraic and algorithmic concepts of mobile space‐time envelopes and provide an example of these mobile envelopes in action. We conclude with a discussion of how this initial implementation could be further developed to incorporate added spatio‐temporal intelligence.     

基于Android和LBS的社交APP设计与实现

LBS与SNS结合是目前GIS发展的热点方向,但国内多数社交平台提供的LBS服务大同小异,且基于地理位置的服务极少,未能实现预期效果。因此,本文针对大型手机应用LBS功能数量有限、创新力不足、小型手机应用市场占有率低等缺陷进行优化改进,设计一款基于Android平台的,集现有LBS功能于一体并具有线下交友、好友推送等新功能的更加富有个性化的小型社交APP,并利用原型进行实现。     

基于Google Map技术的移动LBS应用

利用Google Map在Android移动设备上的SDK进行LBS应用系统的设计,通过对网络模块、地图模块等核心模块的构建和外接服务的嵌入,实现对当前移动互联网中移动LBS热点应用的设计原型的探讨。     

基于SVG的空间信息描述与可视化表达

SVG是移动互联时代随时随地获得各种丰富图形信息的有效方法,在LBS系统中,它也可以是空间信息描述与表达的有效方法.本文首先研究了空间信息与SVG标记间的映射关系,其次研究了SVG表示空间信息的生成方法,然后基于SVG的树状结构,在分析XML各种解析模式与图形元素渲染过程的基础上,提出了采用"pull"模式和DVR视图相结合的SVG解析与渲染方法,最后以复杂地物和考虑层控制策略时多层数据的SVG渲染结果,说明采用SVG这种开放的图形格式描述与表达空间信息是可行的,并且在空间信息移动服务中可以解决客户端多样性问题,有利于空间信息服务的普及与推广.     

LBS的数据语义分类研究

随着LBS（基于位置服务）的应用逐渐大众化，从现有LBS系统中提取更多、更准确的语义信息显得尤为重要。对LBS数据进行分析和研究，根据数据语义和用途将LBS数据分成三类：①领域数据；包括空间维和时间维等概念，即位置、定位、移动及时间等概念；②内容数据：描述LBS的特征内容；③应用数据：由LBS用户配置文件和相关服务描述组成。此分类法为构建LBS数据语义模型奠定基础，为LBS的数据表达、共享和交互提供可能。     

移动定位与基于手机的位置服务系统

比较了几种实现位置服务的移动空间定位的方式,分析了实现基于手机的位置服务所要解决的关键技术并提出其应用的方向及前景。     

A Test Environment for Location-Based Services Applications

Location‐Based Services (LBS) are the delivery of information to mobile devices customised to location and context of the user. Some research has focused on data content, while other studies have emphasised the role of multimedia communication. However, very few objective tests have been carried out concerning usage and behaviour. In this paper, a conceptual model and a LBS test environment are presented which aim to study the behaviour and interaction between environments, individuals and mobile devices. The test environment was created, for this purpose, with three main components: urban VR models that allow individuals to ‘walk around’ at street level, a mobile device as information source which simulates LBS applications, and software for recording participant actions and reactions within the test environment. Multi‐source data were collected regarding movement tracking, information accessed through mobile device and participant observations using a combination of automated and semi‐automated methods. A case study on pedestrian wayfinding in urban settings is presented. This illustrates how the test environment can be used for LBS applications and how the data collected can be analysed. The research presented in this paper provides a novel approach in studying and understanding the interaction between environments, individuals and mobile devices.     

基于SVG的开放式LBS系统设计与实现

基于SVG适合互联网传输的矢量数据格式 ,讨论了在基于位置的服务 (LBS)系统和移动终端上应用SVG作为GIS数据传输的可行性 ,结合J2ME和J2EE的技术特点 ,设计了一个开放的、可支持多种终端的LBS系统 ,并以掌上电脑作为移动终端 ,实现了该LBS系统。     

Integrated Mobile GIS and Wireless Internet Map Servers for Environmental Monitoring and Management

With the progress of mobile GIS technology there is a great potential for adopting wireless communications and Internet mapping services for regional environmental management programs and natural habitat conservation. This paper provides an overview of a NASA-funded research project that focuses on the development of mobile GIS tools and wireless Internet Map Server (IMS) services to facilitate environmental monitoring and management tasks. By developing and testing wireless web-based map/image servers, mobile GIS applications, and global positional systems (GPS), this research created an integrated software/hardware infrastructure for a prototype mobile GIS application. The mobile GIS prototype allows multiple resource managers and park rangers to access large-size, remotely sensed images and GIS layers from a portable web server mounted in a vehicle. Users can conduct real-time spatial data updates and/or submit changes back to the web server over the wireless local area network (WLAN). This paper discusses in general the major components of mobile GIS, their current technological limitations, and potential problems during implementation. Key research agenda for mobile GIS are identified with suggestions for future research and development.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS), an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks, are becoming more and more popular. Most of these LBSs, however, only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role. Our specific aim is to solve these issues. This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

基于位置服务的空间信息传输模型

手机的基于位置的服务(LBS,Location Based Service)系统发展迅速,已经成为G IS应用的一个重要组成部分。LBS用户所处的环境以及对空间信息的使用方式均与传统的地图有了较大的差别,因此现有的地图传输理论已不能完全适应LBS系统的工作模式。在分析LBS系统特点的基础上,介绍了传统的Kolacny地图传输模型应用的局限性,提出了基于位置服务系统中的空间信息传输模型,这种模型具有对用户要求低、传输效率高以及表现形式多样化等特点。     

A Network Perspective on Spatial Data Infrastructures: Application to the Sub-national SDI of Flanders (Belgium)

In order to provide a basis for quantitative and qualitative assessment of SDI-performance, a clear definition and a theoretical framework for SDI are needed. From the various definitions and frameworks of SDI available in the literature, the productional and the geographic information process perspective were selected, combined and extended. From the productional perspective, SDI-development is a dynamic process in which suppliers and users of spatial data interact to add value to the data by using them in applications and processes. The geographic information process perspective incorporates the "information acquisition – delivery – usage" chain. The extension proposed in this article leads to a network perspective on SDI. The nature of this perspective is described for the Flemish SDI. Its applicability to characterise and underpin the assessment of SDI is tested using a Social Network Analysis (SNA) focusing on the network structure parameters "density", "distance" and "centrality". The SNA confirms the applicability, usability and extensibility of the network perspective to characterize the SDI, to describe the data flows between stakeholders and to analyse the behaviour of the different (types) of stakeholders within the network. We conclude that SNA should likely be complemented by an impact analysis of different SDI setups on business processes which will provide a good basis for a holistic SDI-performance assessment.     

LBS中存在的问题及对策

随着计算机技术、无线定位技术、GIS技术、无线通讯技术及移动互联技术的飞速发展,基于位置的服务(LBS)技术成为现实并在实际中得到应用,该技术能够随时随地满足用户的位置信息服务请求.对LBS进行了简要介绍,在此基础上分析了其目前仍然存在的问题,如产业链不成熟、定位精度不高、用户需求不足等.最后给出了解决问题的对策,如建立LBS产业联盟、与连续运行参考站(CORS)结合来提高定位精度、建立双向互动信息采集系统等,以期为该行业的发展提供一定的参考.     

移动GIS及其新应用

本文主要说明了移动GIS的结构以及将移动GIS技术、空间定位技术和网络通信技术结合的LBS服务。并介绍了移动GIS近年来在城市导游系统,森林火灾抢险,城市救护管理系统等多个领域的新应用,总结和预见了移动GIS的发展趋势。