安徽巢湖地区早三叠世火山碎屑流的岩石学特征及其形成机理

安徽巢湖早三叠世青龙组南陵湖段中的火山碎屑流沉积物,由火山碎屑岩组成,可分为英安 质角砾岩、英安质晶屑－玻屑凝灰角砾岩、英安质玻屑－晶屑凝灰岩和凝灰质灰岩四种岩石类型。沉积 层序分为两个旋回,包括Ｂｏｕｍａ序列的Ａ—Ｃ、Ａ—Ｅ段。层序分析表明,是介于近源和远源之间的过渡 相,属于斜坡沉积环境,物质来源于巢湖以南的浅海区火山喷发物质。     

甘肃山丹煤田二叠系火山碎屑岩的发现及其主要特征

本文论述了山丹煤田二叠系火山碎屑岩的地质特征:(1)火山碎屑岩赋存地层层位,(2)火山碎屑岩的岩石结构特征,(3)岩石的化学成分属性,(4)火山碎屑岩的粒度特征及其沉积性质。表明,火山碎屑岩由火山角砾岩及玻屑凝灰岩组成。凝灰质碎屑物为气携,以降落灰的方式沉积于陆相浅水环境中。该火山碎屑岩的发现表明,山丹地区二叠纪曾有过重要的火山活动,它为区域地质研究提供了有意义的新资料。     

新疆阿尔泰山南缘克兰盆地沉积构造演化与铅锌成矿

位于西伯利亚板块阿尔泰大陆边缘的克兰泥盆纪火山沉积盆地具有明显的非对称性,其沉积构造演化经历了三个阶段:早期酸性火山-沉积阶段、中期基性火山-沉积阶段、晚期碎屑沉积阶段。盆地构造演化的各阶段都伴随着特定的成矿作用,形成了相应的矿床类型。在早期酸性火山-沉积阶段,主要表现为英安质-流纹质酸性火山活动及VHMS型铅锌成矿作用;在中期基性火山-沉积阶段,主要表现为玄武质基性火山喷发及SEDEX型铅锌成矿作用;在晚期碎屑沉积阶段,主要表现为陆源碎屑沉积作用,成矿作用相对甚弱。     

太原西山太原组蚀交流纹质沉凝灰岩的发现

通过对毛儿沟灰岩中段所谓“燧石层”的研究，提出火山成因的新见解，确定该岩石为蚀交流纹质沉凝灰岩。以宏观为基础，借助镜下下鉴定及各种物理化学测试手段，揭示出岩石成分以火山玻璃为主，由火山尘、玻屑、晶清、凝灰质内功屑、非火山质沉积物及生物屑等组成。火山生及脱玻化玻屑已开始蚀变，向片状、板状、絮状粘土矿物转化。还对火山物质来源作了初浅分析。关键词     

塔院金矿床控矿特征

塔院金矿床赋存于下石炭统下岩组滨浅海相火山碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩建造中，金矿化严格受断裂构造控制。赋矿主岩为蚀变结晶灰岩、蚀变碎裂大理岩、英安质火山角砾岩及英安质凝灰岩。金矿化与碳酸盐化、赤铁矿化、黄铁矿化等热液蚀变关系密切。矿床成因类型属中低温热液溶滤型，工业类型属微细浸染型。     

云南澜沧东回乡下石炭统平掌组火山岩岩石化学特征及构造环境

下石炭统平掌组火山岩岩石类型主要为火山熔岩及火山碎屑岩.由英安质火山角砾岩、火山角砾凝灰岩、安山玢岩、安山岩、英安质凝灰熔岩等组成.岩石学、地球化学特征显示岩浆主要来源于下地壳,并有幔源物质参与;具拉斑玄武岩-碱性玄武岩特点,形成于大洋岛弧的构造环境.     

火山岩中囊状体的特征及其鉴别

熔岩和火山碎屑岩是两类最主要的火山岩,分别代表了两种不同的火山喷发方式和成岩过程,是火山岩分类命名中首先要注意区分的。囊状体具有与浆屑很相似的形态和结构,但对其研究还相当不足,易导致富含囊状体的流纹质—英安质熔岩与富含浆屑的熔结凝灰岩相混淆,产生熔岩与火山碎屑岩分类上的错误。本文首次介绍囊状体的基本特征并分析其与浆屑之区别。囊状体由矿物集合体(结晶内带)和外围脱玻体(脱玻外带)构成,因形态总体似囊状而得名,可呈条带状、透镜状,两端呈撕裂状或须状等,有时也呈斑块状消光和脱玻褪色体;它们是火山岩中微小的高温气相或液相长英质组份结晶、并释热诱发周围玻璃质脱玻形成的一种原生岩石结构。正确区分囊状体和浆屑对火山岩的分类命名及成因研究有重要作用,并避免火山碎屑岩的人为扩大化。     

滇西马登地区晚二叠世-早三叠世地层组合及年代学:火山岩锆石U-Pb定年证据

在西南"三江"造山带中段的兰坪盆地内,由于露头状况不好,盆地基底岩石出露状况不详,导致地层划分、归属相当混乱。详细的野外地质调查揭示,盆地东缘马登地区出露的基底岩石主要由2个构造地层单元组成,上部为火山-沉积序列,下部为浅海相泥岩、灰岩及生物碎屑灰岩。上部火山-沉积序列出露厚约1200m,可分为4个喷发-沉积韵律,由英安质熔岩、流纹质熔岩与晶屑凝灰岩、火山集块岩、火山角砾岩、流纹质凝灰岩、火山碎屑岩及少量泥岩相间组成。火山岩锆石LAICP-MS U-Pb法测年数据显示,岩浆活动始于250Ma,持续至244Ma,总体处于早三叠世,构成江达-维西-云县弧火山岩带的一部分。强烈变形的海相地层与火山岩二者呈断层接触,其时代老于250Ma。结合砂岩中碎屑锆石年龄结果(大于260Ma)判定,这套沉积岩应属于晚二叠世,其与早三叠世-中三叠世火山岩一起组成兰坪盆地的基底岩石。     

火山沉积型非金属矿床成矿机理与成矿模式探讨

火山沉积成矿有两种类型，一是火山沉积类型，二是火山喷气沉积类型。火山沉积类型的非金属矿产成矿物质来源于成岩物质，即炽热的火山碎屑空落入火山湖盆水体中经水介脱玻及蚀变作用而成；而火山热液来源于炽热的火山碎屑进入水中后将热量传导给水体因而构成50-100℃上下的热水溶液，又反作用于火山碎屑物质，形成火山玻璃物质的水介脱玻及碎屑物质蚀变矿化而成矿，主要依据酸威废不同，由酸性至碱性可由明矶石、高岭石、叶蜡石、伊利石（近于中性）而至碱性的蒙脱石型膨润土及沸石和珍珠岩等矿床，而由水盆边缘至中心一般可出现由粗斗屑的集块、角砾至角砾凝灰质直至凝灰质等结构的矿石，尤其是沸石，膨润土和明矶石等最为明显，据此构成了火山沉积成矿模式。     

五彩湾矿区沸石矿床地质特征及成因初探

绝大多数沸石矿床是由含火山玻璃的火山岩蚀变而成.新疆卡拉麦里山南坡为中酸性火山岩集中分布区域 之一,是沸石矿形成的有利区.五彩湾沸石矿区发育酸性火山碎屑岩,主要矿石类型为玻屑凝灰质沸石矿,具变余凝灰 质结构,由玻屑、基质和少量晶屑组成,呈层状或似层状产出,产出层位稳定.其矿床为斜发沸石与丝光沸石混合型矿床, 属沉积自变质型矿床.     

松辽盆地东南隆起区下白垩统营城组三段火山岩岩性、岩相序列

通过大比例尺野外岩性岩相填图、掌子面二维岩性岩相描述和详细岩矿鉴定,研究营城组三段内幕。本区营三段自下而上岩性序列表现为2个中基性到中酸性的火山岩旋回：①下部为石英安山岩、安山岩、安山质集块熔岩、安山质集块岩、安山质角砾岩和安山质角砾凝灰岩,向上过渡为砂质凝灰岩和英安质凝灰熔岩;②上部为玄武安山岩和玄武质集块熔岩,向上过渡为英安岩、珍珠岩、英安岩、英安质凝灰熔岩、英安质沉凝灰岩和英安岩。旋回①岩相纵向序列：溢流相下部亚相、火山通道相火山颈亚相、爆发相空落亚相、火山沉积相再搬运亚相、爆发相热碎屑流亚相。旋回②岩相纵向序列：溢流相上部亚相和下部亚相、火山通道相火山颈亚相、溢流相下部亚相、侵出相内带亚相、溢流相下部亚相、爆发相热碎屑流亚相、火山沉积相再搬运亚相、溢流相下部亚相。营三段火山岩发育于松辽盆地断陷末期,是盆地断陷转为坳陷过程的重要岩石记录。     

Syndepositional volcanism in the Rietgat and arenaceous Bothaville Formations,Ventersdorp Supergroup (late Archaean—early Proterozoic), in South Africa

The volcanic-sedimentary succession of the Ventersdorp Supergroup which is virtually undisturbed tectonically and of low-grade (greenschist facies) metamorphism, affords a unique opportunity for studying the interplay between volcanic and sedimentary processes. The transitional sequence between the Rietgat and Bothaville Formations consists of a number of lithofacies. These are a basal breccia representing pyroclastic and laharic deposits, an overlying breccia—arenite—conglomerate (BAC) which formed by debris flow and fluvial processes, an arenite deposited offshore during a transgression, and an upper conglomerate laid down on a beach. In the volcaniclastic BAC and arenite lithofacies the presence of thin tuff beds, deformed acid lava fragments (bombs?) and glass shards in the arenaceous matrix suggest syndepositional volcanism.Sedimentation took place along the flanks of an asymmetrical, actively volcanic, domal structure which consisted partly of unstable pyroclastic deposits in the east. Resedimentation of the pyroclastic debris by subaerial debris flows and braided streams built a volcaniclastic fan lobe at the foot of the domal structure. As volcanic activity subsided, sands derived from a granitic terrain, mixed with minor air-fall debris to subsequently cover the fan lobe during a regional transgression.     

论火山碎屑流和涌浪堆积的特征和成因模式：以浙东南沿海地区为例

本文根据野外地质特征、岩相学特征以及岩石化学和地球化学特征,将火山碎屑流和涌浪堆积归纳为三种不同的岩相组分,即次火山型熔结凝灰岩组合、涌浪型熔结凝灰岩组合和灰流型熔结凝灰岩组合。对这三种不同的岩相组合,特别是其中的熔结凝灰岩的各类特征分别进行了详细论述和相互对比,并在此基础上提出了一个火山碎屑流和涌浪堆积的综合成因模式。     

北京及邻区长城纪火山事件的沉积记录

北京及邻区的中元古代大红峪组中发育着与火山事件有关的沉积相,主要包括两种基本类型:火山源硅质-陆源砂-碳酸盐岩混积相和火山碎屑重力流沉积,后者又可分为火山碎屑基浪沉积相和火山-沉积角砾碳酸盐岩混积相。初步分析表明,大红峪期大量的硅质沉积主要来自同期的水下火山活动;火山碎屑基浪沉积与火山口内残余热气冲破熔岩封堵而爆发泄出,造成一定范围的海水涌浪作用有关。     

松辽盆地营城组古火山机构的剖析——以东南隆起区三台珍珠岩山为例

三台地区下白垩统营城组一段岩石类型有隐爆角砾岩、角砾熔岩、熔结角砾岩、珍珠岩、流纹岩和凝灰岩,所属岩相为火山通道相、侵出相、喷溢相、爆发相。厘定古火山口位置的依据主要是通过分析隐爆角砾岩和珍珠岩的岩性岩相及其分布。整个火山机构划分为中心相组、近源相组和远源相组。中心相组即火山口相,主要包括火山通道相和侵出相,近源相组主要包括喷溢相,远源相组主要包括爆发相。相序（以火山口为基点）为火山通道相隐爆角砾岩亚相-侵出相中带亚相-侵出相内带亚相-喷溢相下部亚相-喷溢相中部亚相-爆发相热碎屑流亚相。近源相组较中心相组储层物性优越。其中喷溢相上部亚相是储层物性最好的岩相带。     

新疆阿舍勒盆地阿舍勒组火山岩锆石U-Pb测年及地球化学特征

新疆阿舍勒盆地中阿舍勒组火山岩主要为英安质、流纹质火山角砾岩,凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩等火山角砾岩及火山熔岩,顶部为玄武岩及碧玉岩、灰岩.玄武岩亏损Nb,Ta,Ti等高场强元素,富集Ba,Th,U,Sr等大离子亲石元素,具岛弧玄武岩特征;英安岩为钙碱性系列,富集Rb,Ba,Th,U等大离子亲石元素,Nb,P,Ti亏损十分明显,...     

白云鄂博西矿火山岩岩石学特征

自1927年丁道衡教授发现白云鄂博铁矿迄今已近90年。该矿床不仅仅是铁矿,而成为铌-稀土多金属矿床,其中稀土储量已成为世界最大的稀土矿床。国内外许多地质专家进行了多次考察和研究。曾有人预测矿区应有火山岩存在。直到1982年笔者才在西矿发现了火山岩。这些火山岩赋存于铁矿体附近的板岩中。它们是中酸性火山岩系列。包括英安质角砾凝灰熔岩、英安质熔结角砾岩和英安岩。这些火山岩具斑状构造,基质为隐晶质凝灰构造。英安岩基质为微晶结构。长石和石英斑晶微裂隙密布,石英有很好熔蚀的港湾结构,长石发育次生边,还见到火山玻璃及其碎屑。     

Physical character of archean felsic volcanism in the vicinity of the Helen iron Mine,Wawa, Ontario,Canada

Archean felsic volcanic rocks form a 2000 m thick succession stratigraphically below the Helen Iron Formation in the vicinity of the Helen Mine, Wawa, Ontario. Based on relict textures and structures, lateral and vertical facies changes, and fragment type, size and distribution, the felsic volcanic rocks have been subdivided into (a) lava flows and domes (b) hyalotuffs, (c) bedded pyroclastic flows, (d) massive pyroclastic flows, and (e) block and ash flows.Lava flows and domes are flow-banded, massive, and/or brecciated and occur throughout the stratigraphic succession. Dome/flow complexes are believed to mark the end of explosive eruptive cycles. Deposits interpreted as hyalotuffs are finely bedded and composed dominantly of ash-size material and accretionary lapilli. These deposits are interlayered with bedded pyroclastic flow deposits and probably formed from phreatomagmatic eruptions in a shallow subaqueous environment. Such eruptions led to the formation of tuff cones or rings. If these structures emerged they may have restricted the access of seawater to the eruptive vent(s), thus causing a change in eruptive style from short, explosive pulses to the establishment of an eruption column. Collapse of this column would lead to the accumulation of pyroclastic material within and on the flanks of the cone/ring structure, and to flows which move down the structure and into the sea. Bedded pyroclastic deposits in the Wawa area are thought to have formed in this manner, and are now composed of a thicker, more massive basal unit which is overlain by one or more finely bedded ash units. Based on bed thickness, fragment and crystal size, type and abundance, these deposits are further subdivided into central, proximal and distal facies.Central facies units consist of poorly graded, thick (30–80 m) basal beds composed of 23–60% lithic and 1–8% juvenile fragments. These are overlain by 1–4 thinner ash beds (2–25 cm). Proximal facies basal beds range from 2–35 m in thickness and are composed of 15–35% lithic and 4–16% juvenile fragments. Typically, lithic components are normally graded, whereas juvenile fragments are inversely graded. These basal beds are overlain by ash beds (2–14 in number) which range from 12 cm to 6 m in thickness. Distal basal beds, where present, are thin (1–2 m), and composed of 2–8% lithic and 6–21% juvenile fragments. Overlying ash beds range up to 40 in number.The climax of pyroclastic activity is represented by a thick (1000 m) sequence of massive, poorly sorted, pyroclastic flow deposits which are composed of 5–15% lithic fragments and abundant pumice. These deposits are similar to subaerial ash flows and appear to mark the rapid eruption of large volumes of material. They are overlain by felsic lavas and/or domes. Periodic collapse of the growing domes produced abundant coarse volcanic breccia. The overall volcanic environment is suggestive of caldera formation and late stage dome extrusion.     

Marine tephrochronology of the Mt. Edgecumbe Volcanic Field, Southeast Alaska, USA

The Mt. Edgecumbe Volcanic Field (MEVF), located on Kruzof Island near Sitka Sound in southeast Alaska, experienced a large multiple-stage eruption during the last glacial maximum (LGM)-Holocene transition that generated a regionally extensive series of compositionally similar rhyolite tephra horizons and a single well-dated dacite (MEd) tephra. Marine sediment cores collected from adjacent basins to the MEVF contain both tephra-fall and pyroclastic flow deposits that consist primarily of rhyolitic tephra and a minor dacitic tephra unit. The recovered dacite tephra correlates with the MEd tephra, whereas many of the rhyolitic tephras correlate with published MEVF rhyolites. Correlations were based on age constraints and major oxide compositions of glass shards. In addition to LGM-Holocene macroscopic tephra units, four marine cryptotephras were also identified. Three of these units appear to be derived from mid-Holocene MEVF activity, while the youngest cryptotephra corresponds well with the White River Ash eruption at ∼ 1147 cal yr BP. Furthermore, the sedimentology of the Sitka Sound marine core EW0408-40JC and high-resolution SWATH bathymetry both suggest that extensive pyroclastic flow deposits associated with the activity that generated the MEd tephra underlie Sitka Sound, and that any future MEVF activity may pose significant risk to local population centers.