甘肃全鑫金矿物质组成及金的赋存状态

全鑫金矿为变质碎屑岩型金矿,矿石的化学成分较简单,主要为SiO2(73.60%)和A l2O3(10.40%),有用元素主要为Au(平均3.45×10-6),其次为Ag,有害元素主要是C有机,As,S,含量很低。主要金属矿物为褐铁矿、赤铁矿及黄钾铁钒;脉石矿物以石英、长石、绢云母及粘土矿物为主。矿石为自形-半自形粒状结构、浸染状构造。矿石中金大多为自然金,粒度一般<0.005 mm,主要以微细粒包裹金的形式存在,部分为裂隙金,金的载体矿物主要为褐铁矿、黄铁矿。     

烧锅营子金矿黄铁矿的化学成分标型特征

烧锅营子金矿床的黄铁矿形成于早、中、晚3期,是主要的矿石矿物和载金矿物,其中以中期黄铁矿为最主要的载金者.黄铁矿的化学成分为:TFe43.34%~45.52%,S46.58%~48.86%,与标准黄铁矿相比显示亏铁、亏硫特点.黄铁矿内含丰富的微量元素,有Au、Ag、As、Sb、Bi、Cu、Zn、Pb、Co、Ni、W、Mo、Se等.其中Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Bi含量较高,而As、Sb低,Se极低.其Au/Ag(多大于0.5)、(Cu+Pb+Zn)/(Co+Ni+As)(4.26)、Co/Ni(>> 1)比值表明其属中温岩浆热液矿床.     

贵州遵义中南村黑色岩系黄铁矿的成分标型与成因探讨

对贵州遵义中南村黑色岩系多元素矿床黄铁矿中的Co、Ni、As、Se、Te、n(s)／n(Fe)、w(Co)／w(Ni)、w(S)／w(Se)、w(Se)／w(Te)等标型进行了研究,井将其与4个胶东热液型金矿的黄铁矿的相应数据进行了对比。通过成分标型分析,并结合黄铁矿的形态、内部结构和同位素特征以及前人的研究成果．认为此黑色岩系多元素矿床应为海底热水沉积和生物沉积混合成因。该黑色岩系黄铁矿同胶东界河金矿的黄铁矿、胶东金青顶金矿中的黄铁矿、胶东玲珑金矿西山矿区中的黄铁矿和胶东三山岛金矿床中的黄铁矿等热液金矿型黄铁矿在10000×w(Co+Ni)／w(Fe)-10000×w(As十Se十Te)／w(S)-100×(n(S)／n(Fe)-1.8)三角图上的投点明显不同,前者投点甚为分散,后者投点较集中。从成因角度分析认为：后者的物质来自花岗岩,主成矿过程受单一的温度变化范围不大的岩浆热液控制;前者物质来源复杂,受高温阶段的深部循环热水和低温阶段的海水一热水混合流体甚至生物作用的制约。由此可以初步提出以下一般判据：在10000×w(Co十Ni)／w(Fe)一10000×w(As十Se+Te)／w(S)一100x(n(S)／n(Fe)一1.8)三角图上,成因简单的黄铁矿的投点较集中,成因复杂的黄铁矿的投点较分散。     

甘肃寨上金矿黄铁矿特征与成因

甘肃寨上金矿是我国重要的卡林型金矿床,发育多种特征的黄铁矿、毒砂、黝铜矿、黄铜矿等金属硫化物。黄铁矿贯穿整个地质过程,对其进行研究可深入理解成矿作用。观察发现,黄铁矿可分为3个世代。第1世代黄铁矿为莓球状黄铁矿(Py1A)和多孔海绵状黄铁矿(Py1B)2类;第2世代中粗粒自形黄铁矿(Py2);第3世代粗粒黄铁矿(Py3)。Py1A呈莓球状,直径介于10～50μm,w(Co)/w(Ni)小于1,w(S+As)/w(Fe)大于2,部分黄铁矿因受到热液改造,莓球中w(Co)/w(Ni)大于1,w(S+As)/w(Fe)小于2;Py1B呈多孔海绵状,w(Co)/w(Ni)大于1,w(S+As)/w(Fe)小于2。Py2呈中粗粒五角十二面体,w(Co)/w(Ni)介于1.41～3.78,w(S+As)/w(Fe)由内向外逐渐升高,介于1.93～2.02,w(Au)/w(As)介于0.023～0.108。Py3呈粗粒立方体晶,周围发育石英压力影,w(Co)/w(Ni)介于1.36～1.39,w(S+As)/w(Fe)介于1.98～2.00。结合地质背景分析认为,黄铁矿微晶直接聚集形成Py1A(莓球状),或在松散状态下经胶结作用形成Py1B(多孔海绵状),并遭受热液叠加改造。Py2(中粗粒五角十二面体)由含矿热液环绕多孔海绵状核部直接结晶形成,Py3(粗粒自形立方体)由晚期热液结晶形成,并同时遭受构造变形活动。该区黄铁矿的特征对于判别地质环境有标型意义。     

西天山智博铁矿床黄铁矿成分特征及硫同位素研究

智博大型磁铁矿床位于新疆西天山阿吾拉勒铁铜成矿带东段,主要矿石矿物为磁铁矿,主要共生金属矿物为黄铁矿。文章通过对黄铁矿进行矿物成因研究来推测矿床成因及特征。本次研究选择2个成矿期的矿石及围岩中的黄铁矿进行电子探针及硫同位素研究。电子探针数据显示岩浆期黄铁矿w(Co)平均为4703×10~(-6),大于热液期w(Co)(735.71×10~(-6)),Co/Ni比值(平均18.53)也大于热液期黄铁矿Co/Ni比值(平均0.96);S/Se比值多数集中于1000～8000之间。部分Co/Ni、Se/Te、S/Se比值落入热液成因范围内,暗示了热液流体参与成矿的可能性。而Co-Co/Ni图解显示岩浆期矿石和热液期矿石具有一定的继承性。黄铁矿中δ~(34)S值介于-1.2‰和0.3‰之间,表明硫主要来源于幔源硫。智博铁矿床矿石主要为岩浆成因,但岩浆期后热液及其他热液流体也参与了晚阶段的成矿作用。     

大平山铜矿毒砂单矿物扫描电镜分析

大平山铜矿床位于南京市江宁区横溪镇西侧,矿石中有用组分除铜以外,还伴生有As、Zn、Ag、Au、Co和Ni等元素,其中As元素质量分数较高,局部达0.2%～0.9%。通过显微观察和扫描电镜能谱分析,发现大平山铜矿矿石中As元素主要以硫化物形式,呈毒砂独立矿物以自形—半自形粒状、他形粒状赋存于矿石中。赋存方式主要为：以独立矿物呈稀疏浸染状分布于矿石中,局部呈条带状和中等稠密浸染状分布于矿石中;以交代方式与黄铁矿和黄铜矿共生于矿石中,但毒砂形成晚于黄铁矿和黄铜矿。     

半宽金矿床微量元素地球化学研究

半宽金矿床有两类矿石:石英-黄铁矿型和石英-多金属硫化物型。微量元素研究表明元素组合为Bi、Pb、Au、Ag、Zn、Sb、W、Cu、As、Mo。矿石中铅含量是区分黄铁矿型矿石和多金属硫化物矿石的重要指际。金矿化与Co/Ni、Cu+Pb、Rb/Sr值密切相关。1号脉和9号脉矿石微量元素的对比研究表明9号脉Au与Mo、Ag、Hg,As、Pb具显著正相关;1号脉Au与其他元素相关性不明显。9号脉经历三次金矿化,1号脉仅有一次金矿化。从矿石微量元素地球化学研究结果分析,9号脉下部仍有延伸。     

黑龙江永新金矿床金-银系列矿物与载金硫化物特征及成因分析

永新金矿位于嫩江-黑河构造混杂岩带的南段,为近几年新发现的受构造带控制的蚀变岩型金矿床。通过光学显微镜、电子探针及背散射观测对永新金矿床的金-银系列矿物与载金硫化物进行了系统研究,发现金-银系列矿物以自然金为主,银金矿次之,粒径多集中在5~20μm,以包体金、裂隙金为主,粒间金较少,成色为843~917,平均888;载金硫化物有黄铁矿和方铅矿,以黄铁矿为主;早阶段黄铁矿粒径较大,以立方体为主,较破碎;主成矿阶段黄铁矿粒径较小,以立方体和五角十二面体为主。黄铁矿Co-Ni-As三角图显示成矿与岩浆热液关系密切,金矿物成色与黄铁矿的Fe/(S+As)值指示矿床形成于中深成中温环境。与克拉通破坏型(胶东型)和造山型金矿床比较,永新金矿床与两者既有相近之处,又有明显区别。     

云南勐海勐满金矿含金黄铁矿地球化学特征和矿床成因意义

黄铁矿是金矿重要的载金矿物之一,对其地球化学特征研究可以约束金矿成矿类型和成矿物质来源。本文对云南勐满金矿含金黄铁矿的化学成分及其S、Pb同位素特征进行了研究,结果显示:勐满金矿黄铁矿化学成分中的N(S)/N(Fe)值、δFe—δS及w(As)—w(Co)—w(Ni)图解等特征表明其原生矿床属于浅成低温热液型矿床。黄铁矿硫同位素为-4×10~(-3)~-2×10~(-3),数值集中;铅同位素组成~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb值,分别介于39.016~40.010、15.669~15.826和18.694~19.289。测试结果显示勐满金矿属于低硫型浅成低温热液型金矿,成矿物质主要来源于围岩地层。热液成矿阶段金主要赋存在黄铁矿中,在次生氧化阶段,金从黄铁矿中出溶并进一步富集,次生氧化阶段是形成富矿的重要阶段。     

西南三江地区镇沅金矿载金黄铁矿稀土与微量元素特征

镇沅金矿(也称老王寨金矿)是西南三江地区哀牢山金矿带超大型金矿床之一。前人研究表明黄铁矿的稀土与微量元素含量可以反映成矿流体与成矿物质来源的特征,本次采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)技术对镇沅金矿主要载金矿物黄铁矿进行研究。通过野外实地调查及室内显微镜下观察,将镇沅金矿载金黄铁矿分为四个阶段:Ⅰ阶段脉状黄铁矿;Ⅱ阶段团块状黄铁矿;Ⅲ阶段与辉锑矿等硫化物共生浸染状黄铁矿;Ⅳ阶段破碎状黄铁矿。矿区内多种地层均有矿化现象,矿石类型包括变砂岩型、炭质板岩型、蚀变大理岩型、蛇绿岩套型、蚀变花岗岩型、煌斑岩型等。ICP-MS测定结果显示Ⅰ阶段黄铁矿富集高场强元素Th、U、Ta、Nb、Zr、Hf,亏损大离子亲石元素;其后三阶段黄铁矿该特征则不明显。黄铁矿总体稀土元素含量较低,∑REE含量为4.72×10-6~48.96×10-6,平均为24.93×10-6。稀土配分曲线显示黄铁矿总体呈较平缓的右倾型轻稀土元素富集配分模式;存在负δEu异常,基本无δCe异常。各阶段黄铁矿稀土配分模式存在微弱差异,Ⅰ阶段黄铁矿总体REE含量较高,部分具有LREE/HREE比值较低的特征,与超基性岩REE配分模式相近;Ⅱ阶段黄铁矿REE含量明显偏低,LREE/HREE比值较高;Ⅲ阶段黄铁矿∑REE含量较低,但较Ⅱ阶段要高;Ⅳ阶段黄铁矿∑REE含量低,有与Ⅱ阶段黄铁矿REE相近特征。黄铁矿中Au与As伴生现象明显。Co/Ni值反映黄铁矿具有沉积与热液黄铁矿成因特征,另外黄铁矿的稀土微量元素特征还反映出成矿流体为含F-的还原性流体。研究认为镇沅金矿至少存在两期金成矿作用,早期载金黄铁矿呈脉状产出,并可能与印支期古特提斯洋闭合中含超基性岩的增生楔形成有关;晚期载金黄铁矿与辉锑矿、黄铜矿等硫化物共生,与新生代区域范围内红河剪切带活动及扬子板块的俯冲导致的广泛变质作用有关。     

Metal source of gold deposits in the Jiaoxibei area,Eastern China: Insights from trace element analysis of gold and pyrite

The metal source of gold deposits in the Jiaoxibei area, eastern China, has been investigated by many researchers, but no consensus has been reached so far. In this study, three typical gold deposits, the Xinli, Jiaojia, and Dayingezhuang deposits, were selected for trace element analysis of gold and pyrite to constrain the metal source. Pyrite from these three deposits has similar morphological and compositional characteristics, and can be divided into three types: Py1 with euhedral to subhedral textures, Py2 with subhedral to anhedral textures with micro-fractures, and Py3 with subhedral to anhedral textures and intergrowing polymetallic sulfides. Among them, Py2 and Py3 were formed in the main ore-forming stage and they are the dominant host minerals of visible gold. In these deposits, visible gold occurs mainly in micro-fractures or as inclusions in Py2 and Py3. Most of the pyrite has extremely low concentration of invisible gold, indicating that visible gold in the Jiaoxibei district is not a product of the remobilization of invisible gold from earlier pyrite. Both Py2 and Py3 are characterized by low Co concentration of <100 ppm and Co/Ni ratio of <1, which are similar to those of pyrite in sedimentary rocks. Therefore, ore-forming metals of these gold deposits in the Jiaoxibei district may originate mainly from a sediment-related metal source.     

The Nature of Ore‐forming Fluids of the Carlin‐type Gold Deposit in Southwest China: A Case from the Zimudang Gold Deposit

The Zimudang gold deposit is a large Carlin‐type gold deposit in the Southwest Guizhou Province, China, with an average Au content of 6.2 g/t. Gold is mainly hosted in the fault zone and surrounding strata of the F1 fault and Permian Longtan Formation, and the ore bodies are strictly controlled by both the faults and strata. Detailed mineralogy and geochemistry studies are conducted to help judge the nature of ore‐forming fluids. The results indicate that the Au is generally rich in the sulfides of both ores and wall rocks in the deposit, and the arsenian pyrite and arsenopyrite are the main gold‐bearing sulfides. Four subtypes of arsenian pyrite are found in the deposit, including the euhedral and subhedral pyrite, framboidal pyrite, pyrite aggregates and pyrite veins. The euhedral and subhedral pyrite, which can take up about 80% of total pyrite grains, is the dominant type. Au distributed unevenly in the euhedral and subhedral pyrite, and the content of the Au in the rim is relatively higher than in the core. Au in the pyrite veins and pyrite aggregates is lower than the euhedral and subhedral pyrite. No Au has been detected in the points of framboidal pyrites in this study. An obvious highly enriched As rim exists in the X‐ray images of euhedral pyrites, implying the ore‐forming fluids may be rich in As. The relationship between Au and As reveals that the Au may host as a solid solution (Au⁺) and nanoparticles of native gold (Au⁰) in the sulfides. The high Co/Ni ratio (>1) of sulfides and the enrichment of W in the ores all reflect that the gold‐bearing minerals and ore‐forming process were mainly related to the hydrothermal fluids, but the magmatic and volcanic activities cannot be neglected. The general existence of Au and As in the sulfides of both ores and wall rocks and the REE results suggest that the ore‐forming fluids may mainly be derived from the basin itself. The enrichment of Tl suggests that the ore‐forming fluids may be enriched in Cl. The Ce and Eu show slightly or apparently negative anomalies, which means the ore fluids were probably formed under reducing environment. The Y/Ho ratios of ore samples fluctuate around 28, implying the bicarbonate complexation and fluorine were both involved in the ore‐forming process. Combined with the previous studies and our results, we infer that the ore‐forming fluids enriched Au, As, HS^? and halogen (F, Cl) were derived from the mixture of reducing basinal fluids and magmatic or volcanic hydrothermal fluids.     

Geology and Geochemistry of the Buerkesidai and Kuoerzhenkuola Gold Deposits in the Sawuershan Region, Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, Northwest China

The Sawuershan region, one of the important gold metallogenic belts of Xinjiang, is located in the western part of the Kalatongke island arc zone of north Xinjiang, NW China. There are two gold deposits in mining, namely the Kuoerzhenkuola and the Buerkesidai deposits. Gold ores at the Kuoerzhenkuola deposit occur within Carboniferous andesite and volcanic breccias in the form of gold‐bearing quartz–pyrite veins and veinlet groups containing native gold, electrum, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. Gold ores at the Buerkesidai deposit occur within Carboniferous tuffaceous siltstones in the form of gold‐bearing quartz veinlet groups and altered rocks, with electrum, pyrite and arsenopyrite as major metallic minerals. Both gold deposits are hosted by structurally controlled faults associated with intense hydrothermal alteration. The typical alteration assemblage is sericite + chlorite + calcite + quartz, with an inner pyrite–sericite zone and an outer chlorite–calcite–epidote zone between orebodies and wall rocks. δ³⁴S values (0.3–1.3‰) of pyrite of ores from Kuoerzhenkuola deposit are similar to those (0.4–2.9‰) of pyrite of ores from Buerkesidai deposit. δ³⁴S values (1.1–2.8‰) of pyrite from altered rocks are similar to δ³⁴S values of magmatic or igneous sulfide sulfur, but higher than those from ores. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb data of sulfide from ores range within 17.72–18.56, 15.34–15.61, and 37.21–38.28, respectively. These sulfur and lead isotope compositions imply that ore‐forming materials might originate from multiple, mainly deep sources. He and Ar isotope study on fluid inclusions of pyrites from ores of Kuoerzhenkuola and Buerkesidai gold deposits produces ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar and ³He/⁴He ratios in the range of 282–525 and 0.6–9.4 R/Ra, respectively, indicating a mixed source of deep‐seated magmatic water (mantle fluid) and shallower meteoric water. In terms of tectonic setting, the gold deposits in the Sawuershan region can be interpreted as epithermal. These formations resulted from a combination of protracted volcanic activity, hydrothermal fluid mixing, and a structural setting favoring gold deposition. Fluid mixing was possibly the key factor resulting in Au deposition in the gold deposits in Sawuershan region.     

Mineralogy of the Boroo Gold Deposit in the North Khentei Gold Belt,Central Northern Mongolia

Mineral assemblages and chemical compositions of ore minerals from the Boroo gold deposit in the North Khentei gold belt of Mongolia were studied to characterize the gold mineralization, and to clarify crystallization processes of the ore minerals. The gold deposit consists of low‐grade disseminated and stockwork ores in granite, metasedimentary rocks and diorite dikes. Moderate to high‐grade auriferous quartz vein ores are present in the above lithological units. The ore grades of the former range from about 1 to 3 g/t, and those of the latter from 5 to 10 g/t, or more than 10 g/t Au. The main sulfide minerals in the ores are pyrite and arsenopyrite, both of which are divisible into two different stages (pyrite‐I and pyrite‐II; arsenopyrite‐I and arsenopyrite‐II). Sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, and tetrahedrite are minor associated minerals, with trace amounts of bournonite, boulangerite, geerite, alloclasite, native gold, and electrum. The ore minerals in the both types of ores are variable in distribution, abundance and grain size. Four modes of gold occurrence are recognized: (i) “invisible” gold in pyrite and arsenopyrite in the disseminated and stockwork ores, and in auriferous quartz vein ores; (ii) microscopic native gold, 3 to 100 µm in diameter, that occurs as fine grains or as an interstitial phase in sulfides in the disseminated and stockwork ores, and in auriferous quartz vein ores; (iii) visible native gold, up to 1 cm in diameter, in the auriferous quartz vein ores; and (iv) electrum in the auriferous quartz vein ores. The gold mineralization of the disseminated and stockwork ores consists of four stages characterized by the mineral assemblages of: (i) pyrite‐I + arsenopyrite‐I; (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite‐II; (iii) sphalerite + galena + chalcopyrite + tetrahedrite + bournonite + boulangerite + alloclasite + native gold; and (iv) native gold. In the auriferous quartz vein ores, five mineralization stages are defined by the following mineral assemblages: (i) pyrite‐I; (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite; (iii) sphalerite + galena + chalcopyrite; (iv) Ag‐rich tetrahedrite‐tennantite + bournonite + geerite + native gold; and (v) electrum. The As–Au relations in pyrite‐II and arsenopyrite suggest that gold detected as invisible gold is mostly attributed to Au⁺¹ in those minerals. By applying the arsenopyrite geothermometer to arsenopyrite‐II in the disseminated and stockwork ores, crystallization temperature and logfs₂ are estimated to be 365 to 300 °C and –7.5 to –10.1, respectively.     

Geology,mineralogy, geochemistry and δ34S of sedimentary rock-hosted Au deposits in Song Hien structure,NE Vietnam

The Song Hien rift basin is considered to be one of the most important regions of gold mineralisation in North East Vietnam. A number of gold deposits in the Song Hien rift basin are hosted in Triassic and Devonian sedimentary formations of the basin. The largest among them are the Bo Va, Tham Riem and Khung Khoang deposits. The Bo Va deposit is hosted in carbonaceous sedimentary rocks of Triassic age, whereas the Tham Riem and Khung Khoang deposits are hosted in carbonaceous sedimentary rocks of Devonian ages. Based on the mineral composition of the ores, the deposits can be divided into to two types: (i) pyrite dominated and (ii) pyrite-arsenopyrite dominated. The Khung Khoang is of the first type and the Bo Va and Tham Riem deposits belong to the second type. The isotopic composition of pyrite and arsenopyrite in the Tham Riem deposit however, is close to that for the ores of the Bo Va deposit. The δ³⁴S value for pyrite ranging from −3.7‰ to −7.4‰ and for arsenopyrite ranging from −3.2‰ to 7.4‰. The δ³⁴S of pyrite in the ore from the Khung Khoang deposit however, has a much heavier isotopic composition of +18.9 to +20.2‰. A narrow range of the variation of sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite and arsenopyrite, the presence of visible gold as inclusions, the presence of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and other inclusions in arsenopyrite and pyrite, the large size of the grains of major ore minerals allow us to assume that the primary gold ores of the Bo Va and Tham Riem deposits underwent metamorphic transformations. The absence of arsenic, antimony, mercury and other characteristic elements in the ores of the Khung Khoang deposit, and substantially heavier isotopic composition of sulfur similar to the sulfur isotopic composition of marine sulfates in the Devonian, allow us to assume another source of the ore components, not connected with the Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Song Hien rift.     

Geology and Mineral Chemistry of Gold Mineralization in Mirge‐Naqshineh Occurrence (Saqez,NW Iran): Implications for Transportation and Precipitation of Gold

The Mirge-Naqshineh gold district is situated at northwest of Iran with a NW-trending brittleductile shear zone. It is hosted by Precambrian meta-sedimentary and meta-volcanic units traversed by mineralized quartz veins. In terms of cross-cutting relationships and sulfide content three types of quartz veins are identified in the region. Among those, parallel to bedding quartz vein(type Ⅰ) is the main host for gold mineralization. Gold is found in three different forms: 1) submicrometer-size inclusions of gold in arsenian pyrite, 2) as electrum and 3) in the crystal lattice of sulfides(pyrite, galena and chalcopyrite). Six types of pyrite(Py1-Py6) were identified in this ore reserve. Py3 coexists with arsenopyrite and contains the greatest As-Au concentrations. There is a negative correlation between the As and S contents in Py2 and Py3, implying the substitution of sulfur by arsenic. Pyrites and mineralized quartz veins were formed via metamorphic-hydrothermal fluid and reflect the gold-transportation as Au(HS)_2~- under reducing and acidic conditions. The gold precipitation mainly controlled by crystallization of arsenian pyrite during fluid/rock interactions and variation of fO_2. The volcanic host rock has played an important role in gold concentration, as Py3 in this rock contains inclusion of gold particles, but gold is within the lattice of pyrite in phyllite or other units.     

四川木里梭罗沟金矿床载金黄铁矿原位微量元素特征

甘孜–理塘缝合带是四川重要的金矿带之一。梭罗沟大型金矿床是该带上的典型矿床,但其矿床成因仍存在争议。为了准确厘定其矿床成因,本文对梭罗沟金矿床中的它形和自形（五角十二面体）的载金黄铁矿进行了LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素分析。结果显示梭罗沟它形黄铁矿元素含量变化较小,较为集中,而自形黄铁矿具有明显的核–幔–边结构,元素含量变化范围较大。总体上,两种黄铁矿中Au与As均具有明显的正相关性,但Au与FeS₂和Co/Ni值具有负相关性。它形黄铁矿和自形黄铁矿的Co/Ni值分别为0.2和57.1,两者都具有较高的Au和较低的Ag含量;这表明它形黄铁矿主体来源于沉积作用,受后期成矿热液改造,而自形黄铁矿属于热液成因。梭罗沟金矿床成矿过程为火山–沉积岩中的Au在变质热液作用下再活化富集的结果,属于典型的造山型金矿床。     

胶东三山岛金矿床黄铁矿显微结构和微量元素特征:对金富集机制的指示

三山岛金矿床是位于胶东金矿集区西北部的超大型破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床.该矿床细致的矿相学及元素地球化学研究尚有不足,限制了对其金富集机制及过程的理解.基于野外地质调查和室内矿相学研究将该矿床划分为4个成矿阶段:石英?绢云母?黄铁矿阶段(I)、石英?金?黄铁矿阶段(I I)、石英?金?多金属硫化物阶段(I I I)和碳酸盐?...     

Trace elements mineral chemistry of sulfides from the Woxi Au-Sb-W deposit,southern China

The Woxi Au-Sb-W deposit is one of the largest polymetallic ore deposits in the Xuefengshan Range, southern China, hosted in low-grade metamorphosed Neoproterozoic volcaniclastic rocks. The orebodies of the deposit are predominantly composed of banded quartz veins, which are strictly controlled by bedding and faults. Petrographic observations and geochemical results are reported on the occurrence of Au and properties of the ore-forming processes for different stages in the deposit. The veins extend vertically up to 2 km without obvious vertical metal zoning. The ore-forming process can be subdivided into four mineralization stages: Pre-ore stage; Early stage (scheelite-quartz stage); Middle stage (pyrite-stibnite-quartz stage); and Late stage (stibnite-quartz sage). Four types of pyrite (Py0, Py1, Py2, and Py3) were identified in the ores and host-rock: Py0 occurs as euhedral grains with voids in the core, ranging in size from 50 to 100 μm and formed mainly in the Pre-ore stage and Early stage; Py1 occurs as subhedral grains. Small grains (around 10 μm) of Py1 form irregularly shaped clusters of variable size ranging from tens to hundreds of μm and mainly formed in the Middle stage; Euhedral-subhedral fine-grained Py2 formed in the Late stage; Minor subhedral fine-grained Py3 was deposited in the Late-stage. Stibnite is widely distributed in the Middle and Late stage ore veins. No systemic difference was recognized in mineralogical features among stibnite formed in different stages. In addition to native gold, the lattice bound Au⁺¹ widely exists in Py1 and Py2 in the deposit, and widespread Py1 is considered as the main Au-bearing mineral with the highest Au contents. Most elements (such as Co, Ni, Cu, As, Sb, Ba, and Pb) are considered to occur as solid solution within the crystal lattice and/or invisible nanoparticles in sulfides minerals. The Co/Ni ratio of most pyrite is lower than 1, suggesting that the metals in the ore-forming fluid are sourced from sedimentary rocks. The coupled behavior between Au and As; Au and Sb suggests that the substitution of As and Sb in pyrite can enhance the incorporation of Au. Variation of trace elements in pyrites of different stages suggests some information on the mineralization processes: Large ion lithophile elements (such as Ba and Pb) are enriched in Py0 indicating that water-rock reaction occurred in the Early stage; Fine-grained Py1 with a heterogeneous distribution of elements suggests fast crystallization of pyrite in the Middle stage.     

胶东焦家金成矿带2420~3206 m垂深金矿物和黄铁矿微量元素特征

在胶东莱州吴一村地区完成的3266.06 m深钻,是目前焦家金成矿带最深见矿钻孔,研究钻孔揭露的深部矿石中金矿物及黄铁矿微量元素特征,对探讨深部成矿作用演化具有重要意义。笔者采取深钻中2420~3206 m垂深的岩（矿）芯样品进行了详细的岩相学和矿相学研究,结合扫描电镜和电子探针微区分析,研究了矿石中金矿物的赋存状态和成分。对不同成矿阶段形成的黄铁矿进行了LA-ICPMS微量元素分析。研究结果表明,深部矿石中载金矿物主要为黄铁矿,其次为石英、黄铜矿、方铅矿,可见金主要以自然金和银金矿的形式存在,以晶隙金和裂隙金为主,其次为包体金。与浅部金矿床比较,深部金的成色较高。黄铁矿分为6种类型,第Ⅰ成矿阶段形成富Co型黄铁矿Py1,第Ⅱ成矿阶段形成富Ni型黄铁矿Py2a和Py2b,第Ⅲ成矿阶段形成富Au、As型黄铁矿Py3a和富Au、Ag、Pb、Bi型黄铁矿Py3b,第Ⅳ成矿阶段形成贫微量元素黄铁矿Py4。其中,Py1和Py2a发生强烈破碎,裂隙表面对热液中的Au络合物产生吸附作用,对金沉淀富集起重要作用。黄铁矿中Co、Ni、As等微量元素主要以类质同象形式赋存,而Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Bi等主要以纳米级、微米级矿物包体形式赋存。Pb+Bi、Cu+Pb+Zn、Te+Bi与Au+Ag呈明显正相关,而Au与As相关性较差。黄铁矿中Co、Ni含量较低,而Au+Ag+As或Au+Ag+Pb+Bi+Cu含量较高指示成矿有利。另外,黄铁矿中Co、Ni含量较高,并且破碎强烈,成矿相关元素含量较高也指示成矿有利。