安徽省饮用天然矿泉水资源的基本特征与形成规律

安徽省属饮用天然矿泉水资源比较丰富的省份之一，产地多，但类型较为单一。在已通过鉴定的７４处矿泉水中，以偏硅酸锶型天然矿泉水最为普遍，占矿泉水总数的７６％，次有溴碘型天然矿泉水，开发条件优越，开发前景良好，其形成和分布具有明显的规律性。本文试图通过矿泉水赋存的地质环境、水化学特征和形成条件等的综合分析，进而划分饮用天然矿泉水的成因类型．并在勘查研究和开发利用方面提出有关意见和建议。     

歙县慈坑饮用天然矿泉水成因探讨

分析了慈坑矿泉水赋存的地质与水文地质条件,阐述了矿泉水特征,指出其矿泉类型为重碳酸钙型含锶偏硅酸饮用天然矿泉水,并讨从该地区断裂构造、补给条件、水化学成分、形成机理等几个方面对慈坑饮用天然矿泉水成因进行了分析。     

河北省饮用天然矿泉水资源现状及开发利用前景

对河北省饮用天然矿泉水资源量、水质类型、产地分布进行全面介绍的基础上，提出当前饮用天然矿泉水开发中的问题。叙述了不同类型的饮用天然矿泉水医学保健价值，并指出我省还有含碘、溴、锂、硒与锶、偏硅酸的多元素复合类型饮用天然矿泉水的特殊医学价值，提出改进饮用天然矿泉水生产工艺的途径，为饮用天然矿泉水的开发利用预示了乐观的开发前景。     

安徽省舒城县柳抱泉天然饮用矿泉水水质特征及成因分析

安徽省舒城县柳抱泉矿泉水主要赋存于晚侏罗系毛坦厂组安山岩的风化壳及裂隙中,通过对矿泉水赋存条件、同位素特征及形成原因进行分析,结果显示:该矿泉水起源于大气降水,形成年龄为29年或更老,属深循环的承压水;研究区内第四系下部主要为风化、半风化的安山岩,安山岩中锶、SiO_2含量高,遇地下水后,部分锶、SiO_2组分发生溶解,富集于水中,便形成了锶型、偏硅酸型矿泉水。矿泉水清澈透明、口感甘甜,各项指标完全符合国标要求,属重碳酸钙型含锶、高偏硅酸型优质天然饮用矿泉水。     

山西饮用天然矿泉水的分布特征

山西饮用天然矿泉水资源丰富。目前已对５５处矿泉水进行了勘查评价。矿泉水的分布受活动性断裂构造和新生代断陷盆地控制，一般见于盆地边山和平原，主要分布在新生界的松散层内（３２．７３％），其次为中生界、古生界的碎屑岩（２２．９２％）和碳酸盐岩（２７．２７％）地层中。各岩类中矿泉水的达标元素和组分主要是锶，其次是偏硅酸。地热异常区的饮用天然矿泉水资源也很丰富，但一些热水中含氟超过国家标准。     

新疆天然矿泉水成因类型及资源远景区预测

新疆天然矿泉水资源主要为锶、偏硅酸、碳酸、锂、锌、矿物盐6种类型,以锶水和偏硅酸水类型最多,成因类型可分为构造断裂深循环淋溶型、裂隙浅循环淋溶型、补给富集埋藏型3种,针对上述3种成因将现状矿泉划分为7种典型矿床模式,在此基础上提出并分析已形成2处矿泉水田与预测9处天然矿泉水资源远景区,对全疆天然矿泉水勘察及开发具一定指导意义.     

甘肃省饮用天然矿泉水类型与分布特征

在综合阐述甘肃省自然地理及区域水文地质条件的基础上,利用2014—2015年完成的614组地下水及地表水水质测试分析数据(包括感官指标、一般化学指标、矿泉水界限指标、矿泉水限量指标和污染指标),依据《食品安全国家标准饮用天然矿泉水》(GB8537-2018),系统分析归纳总结了甘肃省饮用天然矿泉水类型、分布及产出特征。结果表明,省内饮用天然矿泉水基本类型主要有锶型、偏硅酸型、锂型、碘型、锌型和硒型矿泉水六类,具备1项或1项以上的界限含量指标达到标准的水点共有417处,其中锶型(含复合型)矿泉水411处,是甘肃省的主要矿泉水类型,其余类型的矿泉水仅零星出现;按产出的地貌单元分析,锶型矿泉水产出率由多到少依次分布于河西走廊(82.2%)、陇东黄土高原(80.2%)、甘南高原(67.2%)、北山区(61.5%)、祁连山—阿尔金山区(59.7%)、陇西黄土高原(53.5%)、陇南山地(19.6%);按不同类型地下水及地表水中锶含量达标率分析,白垩系、新近系碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙水最高(平均85.4%),其次为第四系松散岩类孔隙水、断裂破碎带裂隙孔隙水、基岩裂隙水和碳酸盐岩裂隙岩溶水(平均53.2%),地表水最低(平均32.7%)。新近系—白垩系碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙水中锶元素最易富集。研究结果对甘肃省矿泉水资源的勘查开发利用有重要的指导作用。     

贵州省饮用天然矿泉水化学特征及锶型矿泉水分布规律

贵州省饮用天然矿泉水资源非常丰富,且类型多样。本文对贵州省饮用天然矿泉水进行采集检测工作。根据水质检测结果及其分布,贵州省饮用天然矿泉水水温变幅较大,变化于13.0℃～52.9℃之间,平均为22.2℃; pH值介于7.0～8.1之间,平均为7.4,总体呈中性水。Piper三线图显示其水化学类型以HCO3(SO4)-Ca(Mg)为主。数理统计分析结果显示,贵州省饮用天然矿泉水阴阳离子的变异系数较大,反映出贵州省饮用天然矿泉水地下水化学组份形成与演化的因素相对复杂。贵州省饮用天然矿泉水类型分析得出,贵州省饮用天然矿泉水以单一锶型为主,二元复合型和多元复合型饮用天然矿泉水相对较少;饮用天然矿泉水锶含量等值线图显示,锶高值区主要分布于遵义市绥阳县和安顺市黔西县,而在黔东南州全区、贵阳市南部地区以及毕节市-六盘水市西部地区饮用天然矿泉水锶含量较低,未达锶型矿泉水限值。通过对全省饮用天然矿泉水锶含量等值线图的分析,探讨了贵州省锶型饮用天然矿泉水分布规律,为揭示全省锶型饮用天然矿泉水的成因规律具有一定指导意义。     

唐山豪门（集团）公司玉田啤酒厂饮用天然矿泉水

玉田啤酒厂饮用天然矿泉水井位于城关镇三里屯西２００ｍ，玉田酒厂院内，矿泉水赋存于第四系砂、砾卵石层中，属含锶、偏硅酸的重碳酸钙·镁型矿泉水，现已开发利用。     

江西省信丰县石背饮用天然矿泉水的形成条件和水质特征

石背饮用天然矿泉水是在普查麦饭石矿时发现的，系统饭石成矿母岩体中的裂隙水，经水质分析，该矿泉水含有人体必需扣多种微量元素，其有益化学组分及感官性状，微生物指标均达到国家标准，有害组分含量低于国家限量指标，为低矿化度，低钠，含偏硅酸，锶，重碳酸钙型优质饮用天然矿泉水，是珍贵的饮用及保健两用饮料。     

An Assessment of Performance in the Routine Analysis of Silicate Rocks Based on an Analysis of Data Submitted to the GeoPT Proficiency Testing Programme for Geochemical Laboratories (2001–2011)

Data reported by laboratories contributing to the GeoPT proficiency testing programme for geochemical laboratories over the period from 2001 to 2011 have been assessed to identify the elements and concentration ranges over which analytical performance can be considered satisfactory. Criteria developed in the paper indicated that performance in the content determination of the elements/constituents SiO₂, Al₂O₃, MnO, Cs, Dy, Er, Eu, Ga, Hf, Ho, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sm, Sr, Tb, Tl, Tm, U, Y, Yb and Zn was satisfactory over the full concentration range assessed. The elements/constituents TiO₂, Fe₂O₃(T), MgO, CaO, Na₂O, K₂O, P₂O₅, Ba, Be, Cd, Ce, Co, Gd, La, Li, Nb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sn, Ta, Th, V and Zr showed some degradation in performance at lower concentration levels (approaching the detection limit of some techniques). Performance in determining LOI, As, Bi, Cr, Cu, Ge, Mo, Ni, Pb and W was in general unsatisfactory over the full concentration range assessed. Other elements (especially Fe(II)O, H₂O⁺, CO₂, Ag, Au, B, Br, Cl, F, Hg, I, In, Ir, N, Os, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, S, Se, Te) could not be evaluated as they were not routinely reported by laboratories participating in the GeoPT programme, often because they are present in silicate rocks at sufficiently low concentrations to require a pre‐concentration stage. Some suggestions are made for the causes of unsatisfactory performance, but further progress will require a detailed assessment of the methods used by participating laboratories, which will form the subject of a further paper.     

Geology and the dark side

The diabolical and supernatural folklore traditions of geology are examined systematically for the first time. The following have all been suggested explanations for fossil remains: Devil's footprints, bones, toenails, fingers, thumbs, buttons, money and ninepins; Hobgoblin's claws; Fairy's fingers, heads, faces, hearts, beads, causeways, saltcellars, bottles, weights, money and loaves; elf arrows; witches’ beads and tongues. Twinned staurolite crystals have been called Fairy crosses.     

Quality, palynology, and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Ilgin lignite, Turkey

The Ilgin lignite field can be subdivided into the Haramiköy and Kurugöl areas which are separated by an area of basement and a fault. The lignite-bearing sequence consists mainly of fluvial and lacustrine Neogene deposits. The Ilgin lignite, averaging 8 m (up to 25 m) thick, is blackish brown and dark brown in colour. The lignite contains abundant brown wood, plant remains and white gastropod shells. Samples have an average of 38.9% moisture on an as-received basis and a mean of 3.9% total sulphur on an air-dried basis. Geochemical analysis, using an ICP-MS, was undertaken. Thirteen lignite core samples from three boreholes drilled in the Kurugöl area were ashed at 750°C. The average trace element contents of the lignite show a higher concentration of U (average 43 ppm) when compared to the range for most coals in the world, while the others (Ti, P, Sc, Be, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cs, Ba, Y, Ta, W, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu) agree with the global ranges. The Ilgin lignite is identified as of Middle Miocene (Middle Serravallian) age and occurs within lacustrine sediments deposited under subtropical climatic conditions.     

Heavy Mineral Placer Deposits of Ekakula Beach, Gahiramatha Coast, Orissa, India

Abstract: Ilmenite, hematite, garnet, monazite, zircon, rutile, magnetite, sillimanite, pyroxene and amphibole from the beach sands of Ekakula, Gahiramatha coast, Orissa, India are reported here for the first time. Their total concentration varies from 26. 4 to 100%. Ilmenite, monazite and zircon are between 100 and 300 um in size and are well rounded in shape. Ilmenite-hematite intergrowth is common. Ilmenite has 50. 02–54. 73% TiO₂, 42. 42–46. 90% FeO (total Fe) and small amounts of Al, Mn, Mg, Ca, Ba, Si, V, Cr, and Zn. The bulk samples contain 10. 63–41. 42 % TiO₂, 6. 15–26. 07 % FeO, 5. 86–16. 75 % Fe₂O₃, 7. 41–61. 74 % SiO₂, 1. 39–12. 83% A1₂O₃, 0. 32–4. 97% CaO, 0. 53–4. 24% P₂O₅, 0. 17–3. 27% MgO, 0. 15–2. 97% Na₂O, 0. 07–2. 34% K₂O, and 0. 05–0. 71% V₂O₅ together with appreciable amounts of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Y, U, Th, Zr, and trace amounts of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, and Cr. Khondalite, charnockite, calc-silicate granulite, leptynite, migmatite, gneiss, basic granulite and pegmatite of the Eastern Ghats appear to be the major source for the above heavy mineral assemblages. The samples are amenable to gravity and magnetic methods of beneficiation.     

贵阳花溪地区下三叠统大冶组遗迹化石及沉积环境分析

贵阳花溪下三叠统大冶组中富产遗迹化石,产出18个遗迹属:Beaconichnus,Circulichnis,Cosmorhaphe,Dendrohaphe,Glockerichnus,Gyrochorte,Gordia,Maeandropolydora,Micatuba,Mammillichnis,Megagrapton,Planolites,Palaeophycus,Phycodes,Phycosiphon,Rhizocorallium,Thalassinoides和Undichna。自下而上可识别出三个遗迹组构,分别为Phycodes、Phycosiphon Mammillichnis和Thalassinoidess遗迹组构。根据遗迹化石各属种分布,大冶组自下而上出现四个遗迹相:Cruziana遗迹相、Zoophycoss遗迹相、Nereites遗迹相和Cruziana遗迹相。结合遗迹组构,对大冶组的沉积环境进行了讨论,Phycodes组构属于Cruziana相,指示浅水环境;Phycosiphon Mammillichnis组构属于Zoophycos遗迹相—Nereites遗迹相,代表台缘下斜坡半深海低能环境;Thalassinoides组构属于Cruziana相,指示早三叠世印度期末的浅水高能环境。     

Geological characteristics of the Sizhuang gold deposit in the region of Jiaodong, Shandong Province——A study on tectono-geochemical ore prospecting of ore deposits

Tectono-geochemical samples were systematically collected from 5 drillcores along the No. 304 explora-tion line and at the -310 m level under the pit in the mining area, totalling 705 samples from the metamorphic rocks, granites, altered rocks and orebodies, and were determined for their contents of 20 kinds of elements including Au, Ag, As, Sb, Hg, Cu,,Pb, Zn, Sn, Bi, Mo, Co, Ni, Mn, Cr, V, Ti, Ba, Rb, Sr, etc. By using the Surfer software the geochemical exploration line profile maps for the 20 kinds of elements and the curves for the element geochemical contents of individual ore vein groups were established. In conbination with the geochemical map analytical method and Gregorian’s zoning index calculation method, the vertical, longitudinal and lateral zonation sequences of the elements were ascertained and the geochemical three-dimentional zonation model of the primary halos was estab-lished on the basis of the analysis of metallogenic structures and alteration zonation. Coupled with the results of analysis of the geology and geochemistry data, it may be concluded that the process of alteration of granites in the mining area is also accompanied with the process of gold enrichment and mineralization. With the intensification of alteration of granites from granite →potash feldspathization granite →sericite-quartz alteration granite, seric-ite-quartz rocks →beresitized granite, pyrite sericite-quartz rock, silicified granite →gold ore, the contents of thio-phile ore-forming elements such as Au, Ag, As, Cu, Bi, Mo, Pb, Sb, Hg, and Sn tended to increase. Factor analysis of trace elements indicated: factor F2 (Au, Ag, Cu, Sn, As) represents the element association brought in at the main stage of hydrothermal metallogenesis; factor F4 (Bi, Sb) and factor F5 (Pb, Zn) represent the ore-forming element association supperposed during the late stage of Au-bearing sulfides. By using the Gregorian’s zoning index and map analysis method we have ascertained the primary halo axial zonation sequence (form frontal halo →tail halo): Pb, Zn, Mn, Ba, Sr, Rb, As, Sb, Ag, Cu, Sn, Mo, Au, Bi, Hg, Ti, Cr, V, Ni, and Co. The geochemical anomalies in the mining area display a tendency of lateral plunging to WS, which is consistent with the lateral plunging of orebodies and mineralization alteration zone. Comprehensive analysis of the results of investigations on ore-controlling structures, mineralization-alteration zonation and geochemical zonation of the primary halos indicates that the gold orebodies in this area are still of greater extension.     

Taxonomical and Biogeochemical Investigation of Elements in Holocene Mollusk Shells in the South and Southwestern Marmara Basin, Turkey

Concentrations of some heavy metals and trace elements such as Cr,Ga,Ni,Zn,Mo,Cu, Pb,Yb,Y,Nb,Ti,Sr,Ba,Mn,Sc,Co,V,Zr,Fe,Al,W,Se,Bi,Sb,As,Cd in recent mollusk shells and factors affecting their distribution and deposits collected from various depths in the southern and southwestern parts of the Marmara Sea are investigated.The distribution of the elements in the shells is categorized into four groups.Of these,concentrations of 12 elements(As,Bi,Cd,Co,Ga,Mo,Nb, Sb,Se,Sc,W and Yb)are below zero [(0.053-0.79)×10~(-6)];concentrations of seven elements(Cr,Ni, Pb,V,Y,Zr and Cu)are(1.0-6.0)×10~(-6);concentrations of four elements(Ti,Mn,Ba and Zn)are 10- 20×10~(-6);and concentrations of five elements(Si,Al,Fe,Mg and Sr)are(47.44-268.11)×10~(-6).The taxonomic characteristics of the 29 elements were studied separately in mollusk shells such as Chamalea gallina(Linné),Pitar-rudis(Poll),Nassarius reticulatus(Linné),Venerupis senescens (Coocconi),Mytilus galloprovincialis(Lamarck),Mytilaster lineatus(Gemelin in Linné)and Chlamys glabra.It was found that,in mollusk taxonomy,the elements have unique values.In other words, element concentrations in various mollusk shells depend mainly on the taxonomic characteristics of mollusks.In various bionomic environments different element distributions of the same species are attributed to the different geochemical characters of the each environment.Data obtained in this study indicate that the organisms are the most active and deterministic factors of the environment.     

Taxonomical and Biogeochemical Investigation of Elements in Holocene Mollusk Shells in the South and Southwestern Marmara Basin,Turkey

Concentrations of some heavy metals and trace elements such as Cr, Ga, Ni, Zn, Mo, Cu, Pb, Yb, Y, Nb, Ti, Sr, Ba, Mn, Sc, Co, V, Zr, Fe, Al, W, Se, Bi, Sb, As, Cd in recent mollusk shells and factors affecting their distribution and deposits collected from various depths in the southern and southwestern parts of the Marmara Sea are investigated. The distribution of the elements in the shells is categorized into four groups. Of these, concentrations of 12 elements （As, Bi, Cd, Co, Ga, Mo, Nb, Sb, Se, Sc, W and Yb） are below zero [（0.053-0.79）×10^-6]; concentrations of seven elements （Cr, Ni, Pb, V, Y, Zr and Cu） are （1.0-6.0）×10^-6; concentrations of four elements （Ti, Mn, Ba and Zn） are 10- 20×10^-6; and concentrations of five elements （Si, Al, Fe, Mg and Sr） are （47.44-268.11）×10^-6. The taxonomic characteristics of the 29 elements were studied separately in mollusk shells such as Chamalea gallina （Linn6）, Pitar rudis （Poli）, Nassarius reticulatus （Linn6）, Venerupis senescens （Coocconi）, Mytilus galloprovincialis （Lamarck）, Mytilaster lineatus （Gemelin in Linne） and Chlamys glabra. It was found that, in mollusk taxonomy, the elements have unique values. In other words, element concentrations in various mollusk shells depend mainly on the taxonomic characteristics of mollusks. In various bionomic environments different element distributions of the same species are attributed to the different geochemical characters of the each environment. Data obtained in this study indicate that the organisms are the most active and deterministic factors of the environment.     

Selenium and heavy metals content in some Mediterranean soils

The study of metal contents in industrial, agricultural or/and polluted soils compared with natural or unpolluted soils is currently necessary to obtain reference values and to assess soil contamination. Nonetheless, very few works published appear in international journals on elements like Se, Li and Sr in Spanish soils. This study determines the total levels of Se, Li, Sr, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, Fe, Mn and Ba in 14 natural (unpolluted) soils (Gypsisols, Leptosols, Arenosols and Acrisols), 14 agricultural soils (Anthrosols, Fluvisols and Luvisols), and 4 industrial–urban affected-surface soil horizons (Anthrosols and Fluvisols) of Eastern Spain. The geochemical baseline concentrations (GBC) and reference values (RV) have been established, and the relationships among elements and also between soil properties and elemental concentrations have been analysed. The RV obtained in this study were (mg kg⁻¹): Se 2.68, Li 115, Sr 298, Cd 0.97, Co 35, Cr 217, Cu 46, Ni 50, Pb 137, V 120, Zn 246, Fe 124,472, Mn 2691, and Ba 743. The RV for Se and Li were used as a preliminary approach to assess soil contamination in Spanish soils. The results confirm human impact on Sr, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn soil concentrations, but evidence no deviation from natural Se, Li, Co, V, Fe, Mn and Ba concentrations. The results obtained from the statistical analysis reveal significant correlations between some elements and clay and soil organic matter (SOM) contents, indicating that metal concentrations are controlled by soil composition. One particularly interesting finding is the high correlation coefficients obtained between SOM and Se, Cd, Cr, V, Fe, and Mn, and between clay and Cd, Zn, V, Fe and Mn. Once again, these facts confirm the role of SOM and clay minerals in soil functions and that soil is an ecosystem element responsible for maintaining environmental quality.     

Synthesis and Preliminary Characterisation of New Silicate, Phosphate and Titanite Reference Glasses

Eleven synthetic silicate and phosphate glasses were prepared to serve as reference materials for in situ microanalysis of clinopyroxenes, apatite and titanite, and other phosphate and titanite phases. Analytical results using different micro-analytical techniques showed that the glass fragments were homogeneous in major and trace elements down to the micrometre scale. Trace element determinations using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS), laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and secondary ionisation mass spectrometry (SIMS) showed good agreement for most elements (Li, Be, B, Cs, Rb, Ba, Sr, Ga, Pb, U, Th, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb) studied and provide provisional recommended values.