1856年湖北咸丰县大路坝地震考察

本文根据地震历史资料和实地考察记录,详述了这次地震的震害分布特征,圈定出九、八、七各烈度区的范围,重新测定了宏观地震参数(震中位置;北纬29°41′,东径108°45′;震中烈度;九度;震源深度:8公里左右;震级:6.4;震源破裂:长20余公里,走向北西310°—345°,倾向北东,倾角约60°,左旋水平位移,向北北西仰起,朝南东倾伏)。对其构造特征分析认为:北东30°—40°延伸的黄金洞断裂和黔江断裂为控震构造,北西310°—345°的破裂带则起着发震构造的作用。     

渭河盆地中部的垂直形变特征

渭河盆地中部(东经108°40′—109°10′,北纬34°00′—34°43′)的垂直形变,特别是西安市的地面沉降及其成因,近年来引起人们的普遍关注,并提出种种不同的看法1)2)[1][2]。笔者认为,仅用西安城区小范围的地形变资料讨论西安市的地面沉降,似乎存在局限性。渭     

14种矿物晶形图的改正

正确的晶体定向,其晶体几何常数应与内部结构中的晶胞参数一致,而在《砂矿物图册》中的方柱石和钨铅矿、《系统矿物学》上册中的褐锰矿,却是"晶形的（100）与单位晶胞的（110）相同"。在《系统矿物学》下册中的钼铅矿和《砂矿物图册》中的甘汞、黄铜矿、金红石及《系统矿物学》上册中的黄铜矿、块黑铅矿、金红石,虽然走向正确,但在矿物晶形制图和单形符号标注上,有些差错;还有一些晶形图的差错可能是由于做图不规范或清绘时笔误造成的,如《系统矿物学》上册中的软锰矿、《砂矿物图册》中的钙轴云母和铜铀云母等等。鉴于此,笔者对方柱石、钨铅矿、银铅矿、甘汞、软锰矿、钙铀云母、铜铀云母、重担铁矿、锡石、氟镁石、黄铜矿、褐锰矿、块黑铅矿、金红石等14种矿物晶形图的差错做了改正。首先用上述14种矿物的晶胞棱长计算出各矿物在原书中所给定的诸单形的晶面角度值（方位角平和极距角产）;再依此做出各矿物的极射赤平投影;然后,对原书中各矿物的晶形图进行分析,找出并改正其中的差错部分;最后,利用正确的定向,用极射赤平投影作晶体立体图的方法,做出上述各矿物的精确的晶体立体图形,并做简要的文字描述。     

1982年海原5.5级地震前后的重力场特征

1982年4月14日海原发生了5.5级地震,震中位于宁夏海原县蒿川乡(北纬36°07′,东经105°06′)。震中区北西方向横跨海原断裂带(1920年该区发生过海原8.5级大震)的重力测线(海原—西吉—静宁),从1980年开始出现异常,其最大变化量为±150微伽,变化幅度超过2-3倍均方差。笔者认为这种变化是地震前兆。     

SEASONAL HEAT BUDGET IN THE TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN IN A GLOBAL GCM Ⅱ. IN FIVE SUBREGIONS

The general features of the seasonal suuface heat budget in the tropical western Pacific Ocean,20°S-20°N, western boundary-160°E, were documented by Qu (1995) using a high-resolution generalcirculation model (GCM, Semtner & Chervin,1992) ard existing observations.Close inspection of thesmaller areas, with the whole region further partitioned into six parts, showed different mechanisms balancethe seasonal surface heat budget in different parts of the region The results of study on five subregionsare detailed in this article. In the equatorial (3°S - 3°N) aed North Equatorial Countercurrent(3°N-9°N) region, the surface the flux the does not change significantly throughout the year, so the surface heat content is determined largely by vertical motion near the equator and roughly helf due to horizontal and halfdue to vertical circulation in the region of the North Equatorial Countercurrent(NECC). In the othersubregions (9°N-20°N, 20°S -11°S aed 11°S -3°S ), however, in addition to ocean dynamics     

庐江台自流井流量固体潮观测资料调和分析的初步结果

本文给出了积分采样数据的维尼迪柯夫调和分析方法。使用该方法,以相应的固体潮体应变为理论值,对庐江台自流井流量1987年7月～1988年1月的观测数据(脉冲数)进行了调和分析计算,主要潮波结果为:振幅因子(脉冲数/10~(-9))O_1波:49.6±0.6;M_2波:50.8±0.3;其相位滞后分别为-4°.6±0°.7、6°.9±0°.3。说明以该井流量做为体应变仪具有很高的灵敏度。     

云南地区现今地壳水平运动与变形特征

利用云南地区 1999、2 0 0 0、2 0 0 1年共 10 0余个测站的GPS资料 ,获得了该区现今水平运动与形变的特征图像。研究结果认为 :①根据变形与运动特征 ,云南地区可划分为 4个运动单元 ,即滇西地区、滇东地区、滇中东北地区和滇中西南地区 ;剔除整体运动后 ,它们的优势水平运动分别为 :滇西地区以 5 .2± 0 .6mm/a向W 31°N运动 ,滇东地区以 4 .8± 1.8mm/a向E2 6°N运动 ,滇中东北地区以 5 .2± 0 .6mm/a向S4 4°E运动 ,滇中西南地区则基本不动。②相邻单元的平均差异运动分别为 :滇西地区相对滇中东北地区的运动为 10 .9± 1.1mm/a ,方向为W 39°N(张性右旋 ) ,相对滇中西南地区的运动为 5 .3± 1.3mm/a ,方向为W 4 1°N(右旋 ) ;滇中东北地区相对滇中西南地区的运动为 5 .6± 1.6mm/a ,方向为E36°S(左旋 ) ;滇东地区相对滇中东北地区的运动为 6 .2± 1.6mm/a ,方向为N3°E(左旋 )。③从断裂走滑活动看 ,红河断裂两侧的差异运动并不是由红河断裂的活动所形成的 ,而是在很广阔的空间上自西向东渐变而成的 ,跨距达数百km ;小江断裂两侧的差异运动也非完全是小江断裂本身的活动 ,差异运动的渐变空间至少在 6 0km以上。④云南地区的地壳运动方式可能是“断块活动”和“连续变形”的组合 ,或许“连续变形”     

公元1022年大同云、应二州地震及其地质背景考证

文章对公元1022年大同云、应二州6.5级地震及其地质背景进行了考证。笔者认为,此次地震的震中位于黄花梁南缘构造复杂部位,即北纬39°32′,东经113°00′附近,其极震区包括现大同、应县、怀仁和山阴县等广大地区;这次地震是山西强震带内的一次历史强震,是在统一的华北区域构造应力场控制下发生的。考证这次地震的震情和地质背景,对研究大同盆地地区地震发生规律和特点以及对未来地震的预测和预报,具有重要的实际意义。     

水温变动对2009年西北太平洋柔鱼产量下降的影响

分布在西北太平洋的柔鱼是我国远洋鱿钓渔业的重要捕捞对象,近些年来其产量一直处在稳定的水平。然而,2009年8～10月旺汛期间在传统作业渔场(150°E～165°E、38°E～46°E)柔鱼产量出现大幅度下降,其日产量仅为正常年份的一半。为此,根据2007～2009年8～10月我国在西北太平洋鱿钓生产数据,以及产卵场表层水温,探讨2009年柔鱼产量下降及渔场变动的原因。研究表明,其产量出现下降的原因可能有2个:(1)柔鱼产卵场(20°N～30°N,130°E～170°E)黑潮大弯曲的发生,使得21℃等温线向南偏移,使得柔鱼资源补充量受到影响,从而使得渔汛期间柔鱼产量的下降;(2)旺汛期间(8～9月)传统作业渔场(42°N～46°N,150°E～165°E)的100m水层有一个明显冷水南下,分布位置为154°E～156°E,将传统作业渔场(150E～165°E)一分为二,向南的前锋(水温低于5℃)到达42°N,明显不同于正常年份,使得作业渔场的范围明显缩小,不适合柔鱼的集群,导致产量出现大幅下降。     

用卫星测高和船测重力资料联合反演海洋重力异常

基于多颗卫星最新测高资料联合解算的全球平均海平面和中国近海船测重力异常数据,采用3种方法 (Stokes公式逆运算法、垂线偏差法、最小二乘配置法)分别计算了中国近海及其邻域(0°～40°N,105°～145°E)2′× 2′重力异常,重点对3种方法的优缺点及其计算结果进行了比较和分析。结果表明,在海底地形起伏较为强烈的南 海盆地,与船测重力异常比较,最小二乘配置法(LSC)计算精度较高,达到11.2×10-5ms-2。     

Petrography and mineralogy of new lunar meteorite MIL090036

MIL090036 is a previously unknown meteorite （a feldspathic lunar breccia） that was discovered in Antarctica. The detailed petrography and mineralogy of this meteorite forms the subject of this paper. It has a typical clastic texture that consists of various types of rock debris （e.g. anorthosite, gabbroic anorthosite, gabbro, regolith breccia, troctolite, microporphyritic crystalline impact melt and compound clasts）, mineral crystal fragments （e.g. pyroxenes, plagioclase, olivine and ilmenite） and feldspathic glass clasts. The ifne-grained recrystallized minerals and mineral clasts are cemented together in a glassy groundmass. The anorthite content of plagioclase in the gabbro （An81-83） and anorthosite （An88-93） both have relatively low calcium content compared to those from other breccias （An90-98）. The pyroxene composition （Fs12-35 Wo3-44 En22-79） in the rock debris, crystal mineral clasts and anorthositic glass clasts are relatively iron-deifcient compared to those from gabbro debris with melt glass （Fs37-65 Wo10-29 En21-49） and groundmass （Fs18-69 Wo3-45 En14-50）. In contrast, the pyroxene grains in the gabbroic anorthosite display a narrow compositional range （Fs24-27 Wo7-14 En59-69）. Olivine grains in mineral fragments and the groundmass have a wider compositional range （Fo57-79） than those in the rock debris （Fo67-77）. The Fe/Mn ratio in olivine is in the range of 47 to 83 （average 76） and 76 to 112 （average 73） in pyroxenes, and hence classify within the lunar ifeld. The characteristics of texture, mineral assemblage and compositions suggest that MIL090036 possibly originated from a region beyond that of the Apollo and Luna samples. Further study of MIL090036 is therefore likely to lead to a better understanding of the geological processes on the Moon and the chemical composition of the lunar crust.     

沉积岩地区高边坡稳定性分析

在大量的野外地质调查工作基础之上,采用赤平投影法分析了沉积岩地区岩石高边坡的潜在破坏模式,并运用极限平衡法计算边坡在此潜在破坏模式下的稳定性,对安全储备较低的采石场边坡提出削坡方案,同时配合有限元法对边坡的稳定性进行了分析和评价,指出岩层层面是影响沉积岩地区高边坡稳定性的最不利结构面,是调查和研究的重点。     

矿物结晶过程中的声子波浪及其作用

采用 Bose量子统计方法 ,对矿物结晶过程中声子波浪的作用进行了详细讨论 ,得到了晶体生长的动力学数学模型 ,并指出外界能源的供给对晶体生长和构型有着重要的影响。讨论结果表明 ,纵声子波浪起主导作用 ,它会产生相应的化学波浪     

煤系共伴生矿产定义内涵及分类

含煤岩系中存在着多种矿产和元素,统称为煤的共伴生矿产。然而,煤的共生矿产与伴生矿产明显不同,主要体现在成矿过程、赋存方式及其后期开采形式等方面,至今二者概念较为模糊,需要进一步区分。通过详细分析了煤共生、伴生矿产的特征,根据矿产在煤层中的赋存状态、存在位置及与煤的关系,认为煤的伴生矿产包括煤层气、煤成气、镓、铀、锗、钒等,共生矿产包括页岩气等,而油页岩、粘土与高岭土则既是伴生矿产也是共生矿产。在此基础上,该文提出了煤的共生、伴生矿产分类方案,对煤系矿产资源的勘探与开发有着重要的指导意义。     

架状硅酸盐矿物晶胞参数与硅氧四面体几何要素的关系

架状硅酸盐矿物晶体结构为氧离子作开层堆积,阳离子充填空隙而形成.矿物晶胞参数与硅氧四面体的排列方式有关,和硅氧四面体的棱长l、对棱间距T_(?)、四面体的高T_h等几何要素有确定的函数关系.     

A new approach to plane failure of rock slope stability based on water flow velocity in discontinuities for the Latian dam reservoir landslide

The stability of slopes is always of great concern in the field of rock engineering. The geometry and orientation of pre-existing discontinuities show a larger impact on the behavior of slopes that is often used to describe the measurement of the steepness, incline, gradient, or grade of a straight line. One of the structurally controlled modes of failure in jointed rock slopes is plane failure. There are numerous analytical methods for the rock slope stability including limit equilibrium, stress analysis and stereographic methods. The limiting equilibrium methods for slopes under various conditions against plane failure have been previously proposed by several investigators. However, these methods do not involve water pressure on sliding surfaces assessments due to water velocity and have not yet been validated by case study results. This paper has tried to explore the effects of forces due to water pressure on discontinuity surfaces in plane failure through applying the improved equations. It has studied the effect of water flow velocity on sliding surfaces in safety factor, as well. New equations for considering water velocity (fluid dynamics) are presented. To check the validity of the suggested equations, safety factor for a case study has been determined. Results show that velocity of water flow had significant effect on the amount of safety factor. Also, the suggested equations have higher validity rate compared to the current equations.     

基于纳米尺度的碎屑岩骨架矿物结构研究

对胜利油田胜坨地区碎屑岩储层岩芯样品和岩石薄晶片分别采用场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜进行镜下观察与能谱测试分析.结果表明:碎屑岩中骨架矿物石英和长石中存在纳米尺度的结构特征;石英镜下可见类蚀像凹坑、雏晶单晶、平行脊线、晶体位错、类包裹体晶内核等5种纳米尺度的结构;长石镜下可见晶面平行凹痕、溶蚀针、纳米级薄层断阶、长石高岭石化、晶体位错和超微包裹体等6种纳米尺度的结构;这些结构大多在几百纳米的尺度范围内,有的甚至只有几十纳米;矿物在纳米尺度上表现出的结构特征与其本身的硬度变化、晶体晶格缺陷、晶体生长过程以及成岩作用的显微表现和显微构造应力改造作用有关.对碎屑岩骨架矿物中纳米尺度结构特征的进一步研究有望为岩石显微变形的应力作用机制和方式以及溶解作用等成岩作用模式做出有效分析,进而为油气勘探开发提供新的探索方式.     

Geochemical features of trace and rare earth elements of pumice in middle Okinawa Trough and its indication of magmatic process

Pumice, the most widely distributed volcanic rock in Okinawa Trough, is loose and porous. Since its formation, it has definitely suffered from the denudation of the sea to different degrees. In order to truly reveal the geochemical features of pumice, we choose the method of mineral separation. Firstly, the phenocryst is separated from glass. Then the phenocryst is divided into light and heavy mineral compositions. By ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) analytical technology, the contents of trace and rare earth elements in the whole pumice, the glass and the heavy and light mineral compositions are determined respectively. By researching the elemental geochemical features, the magma dynamic processes are found. It shows that the initial magma for the pumice in Okinawa Trough came from the depleted mantle, from which the N-MORB (normal type of mid-ocean ridge basalt) is formed, homologous with the local basalts. But they are formed in different periods of magma crystal fractionation. Featured with sufficient crystal fractionation for pumice, it is found that the earlier crystallizing minerals are olivine, plagioclase and pyroxene. The pumice magma, formed from the depleted mantle, was mixed with additional subduction-related materials (components), and contaminated with the mass from upper crust when it rose up into the crust. As the Okinawa Trough is a back-arc basin in its early back-arc spreading stage, its magmatism has a series of its own unique characteristics, different from not only the mid-ocean ridge expansion, but also the mature back-arc basin.     

二道沟金矿床中黄铁矿晶体形态及热电性与金矿化的关系

已有文献认为:空穴型黄铁矿的存在对金成矿有利。作者对二道沟金矿床的研究表明,金矿化程度不仅与黄铁矿的热电性有关,而且与黄铁矿的晶体形态关系十分密切。富矿体中黄铁矿晶体形态复杂,种类多并以五角十二面体为主,叶夫济科娃晶体形态得分值(XFeS_)高;含矿较贫或不含矿的岩体黄铁矿晶体形态简单,种类少并以立方体为主,叶夫济科娃晶体形态得分值(XFeS_2)低。     

基于矿业权实地核查的湖北省矿政管理信息系统

为了将湖北省矿业权核查、矿产资源规划等数据库有机融合,为矿政管理提供一体化服务模式,提出了一张图管矿的总体工作思路、数据库建设、系统框架及实现方法,并开发了相应的信息系统.实际应用表明,“一张图管矿”系统改进了矿政管理业务模式,有效提升了服务水平,应用效果良好.