石墨炉原子吸收光谱法连续测定土壤中银和镉

将测试的土壤样品经王水、氢氟酸、高氯酸溶解,通过对样品灰化温度、原子化温度的优化设定,达到仪器测定的最佳状态。利用相同矿物的标准物质建立标样,在消除了基体带来背景干扰的基础上进行检测。通过对样品及标准样品重复检测,本方法检出限分别为Ag(3S):0.0046ug/g;Cd(3S):0.019ug/g,本方法RSD%为2.04%～6.56%,能满足分析精度要求,同时能大大提高生产效率。     

三次拟合计算法测定土壤样品中的硫含量

本方法采用三次拟合计算法处理土壤样品中硫含量的测试结果。试样采用传统的燃烧碘量法进行处理,在结果计算中使用三次拟合法处理测试结果,取得令人满意的效果。本方法的精密度为1.54%5.38%,方法检出限（3S）：0.005%,较好的满足土壤样品中硫的测试要求。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射全谱直读光谱仪测定地质样品中的钽

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射全谱直读光谱仪,以HF-HNO3-HClO4-HCl溶样,不经分离富集,直接测定地质样品(岩石、水系沉积物、土壤)中Ta。方法检出限可达0. 8μg/g。通过国家一级标准物质测试和其他样品以不同方法测定相比较,测定结果基本一致;GBW 07309标准物质6次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为12. 0%。     

发射光谱法测定地球化学样品中银硼钼锡的影响因素

通过对预曝光时间、激发电流、光栏和狭缝以及工作曲线的校准、背景扣除方式等因素对分析结果影响程度的研究,建立了以K2S2O7、NaF、Al2O3和碳粉为光谱缓冲剂,Ge作内标,以实验确定的最佳样品缓冲剂比例及电弧光源条件,以单电极载体蒸馏、激发,测定地球化学样品中Ag、B、Sn、Mo的方法。方法检出限(3S):银0.006μg/g,硼0.34μg/g,锡0.15μg/g,钼0.04μg/g。     

潮白河受水区再生水入渗盐污染模拟柱试验

根据工程地质勘察及采样测试分析,选取北京市顺义潮白河再生水受水区3种典型代表性土壤介质(砾石含砂、细砂、粉质粘土)装柱,并采用受水区再生水进行淋溶模拟土柱试验。测试结果分析表明,在3种典型土壤介质中,阳离子交换吸附作用主要体现为K+与Ca²⁺之间的交换,且粉质粘土柱中阳离子的离子交换作用较砾石含砂柱和细砂柱更为显著。另外,试验结果还表明,随着土壤介质中粘粒含量、总有机碳含量、阳离子交换容量和粘土矿物总量的增加,典型介质淋溶模拟土柱试验中阳离子交换作用达到平衡时所需要的时间也就越长,分别为砾石含砂72 d、细砂80 d和粉质粘土86 d。定量结果计算也证明：粉质粘土介质的各阴、阳离子本底含量最高,单位质量粉质粘土介质硬度及溶解性总固体(TDS)的贡献量最大,分别为5 767 mg/g和6 952 mg/g。     

ICP-AES法同时测定地质样品中Cu-Pb-Zn-Sc-Mo

样品经盐酸和硝酸溶解、氢氟酸助溶、高氯酸冒烟排除氢氟酸及盐酸溶解盐类处理后,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)可同时准确测定地质样品中Cu-Pb-Zn-Sc-Mo,方法检出限为Cu(3μg/g)、Pb(2μg/g)、Zn(2μg/g)、Mo(3μg/g)和Sc(1μg/g)。用国家标样及内部控制样品进行验证,相对标准偏差为0.89%².88%。建立的分析方法具有测定范围宽、结果准确、操作简便、适合批量样品测定等优点,分析方法精密度满足《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》的要求。     

封闭酸溶-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定地质样品中硼砷硫

采用充氩电荷注入检测器(CID)-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪结合HF—HNO3-HClO4-H3PO4密封溶样法，建立了适用于多目标地质调查中土壤、水系沉积物等地质样品中B、As、S的同时测定方法。方法的特点是通过加入少量H3PO4避免了易挥发元素B的挥发损失；采用Se 196.0nm谱线为内标，对残留空气对超紫外区谱线测定中的强度漂移影响起到了很好的补偿作用；该方法还可同时测定Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Li、Mn和V等微量元素。B、As、S的仪器检出限(3SD，μg／mL)分别为0．01、0．008、0．03，方法检出限(10SD，DF=100，μg/g)分别为2．61、3．28、9，58。用国家标准物质土壤GBW 07401-07408，水系沉积物GBW 07309-07312验证了测定B、As、S的准确性及精密度，允许误差范围之内，测定值与标准值接近，样品10次测定的RSD为4．34％～25．0％。     

稀氨水密封溶解—电感耦合等离子体质谱测定土壤沉积物及生物样品中的碘溴

介绍了一个适合于电感耦合等离子体质谱直接测定土壤、沉积物和生物样品中碘、溴的快速简单的样品前处理方法。样品在φ(NH3·H2O)=10%的水溶液中,于190℃下密封分解18h,溶液适当稀释后放置澄清,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法直接测定溶液中的碘、溴。选用126Te作为内标,补偿基体效应和仪器漂移对分析结果的影响。碘、溴的方法检出限(10σ,DF=100)分别为0.01μg/g、0.04μg/g。用土壤、水系沉积物以及头发等标准物质验证了方法的准确度及精密度,绝大多数样品分析结果在标准值的允许误差范围内。对国家一级标准物质10次测定的RSD为2.0%～8.6%。但方法分析岩石样品结果偏低,不适用于岩石样品的分析。     

样品质量对EA-IRMS法测量硫同位素组成的影响

研究不同样品质量对EA-IRMS法测量硫同位素组成的影响,通过对质量为47~1124μg国家标准物质硫化银GBW04414质量数66、65、64的SO2+和质量数50、49、48的SO+测试,结果表明该方法精密度受到样品质量的影响较大。当δ~(34)S的精密度要求标准偏差±0.2‰时,控制硫化银的样品质量应为(420±50)μg,即样品的硫含量应为(54±6)μg为佳。国家标准物质GBW04414的质量在380~420μg之间,δ~(34)S和δ~(33)S的精密度较高,标准偏差分别为±0.14‰、±0.09‰,精密度满足国家标准测量精度±0.2‰的实验要求。     

王水水浴消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中的硒

随着富硒产品关注度越来越高,对土壤中硒含量测定的研究也越来越受到人们的重视。应用传统电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定土壤样品中的硒时,受到的基体效应和多原子离子干扰比较显著,准确测定硒含量的难度较大。本文建立了采用50%王水-沸水浴消解体系,ICP-MS测定土壤样品中硒含量的方法,实验中采用动能歧视模式(KED)消除质谱干扰,选用~(103)Rh元素作为在线加入内标以消除仪器信号漂移。用该方法对有证土壤标准物质进行分析,其结果均在不确定度范围内,测定值与认定值的相对误差介于-2.01%～2.99%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于6.60%,检出限为0.012μg/g,测定下限为0.048μg/g。应用该方法与国家环境保护标准方法(HJ680—2013)对20个土壤实际样品进行比对分析,其结果基本一致。该方法适合于分析测定地质等行业大批量土壤样品中的硒。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)