环境侵蚀下水泥土的力学效应试验研究

土木工程中广泛使用的软土地基加固方法主要有水泥土搅拌法、旋喷法、注浆法等,其原理主要是形成具有一定强度和稳定性的水泥土加固体。在我国广大地区地下水受工农业、生活以及海水等环境因素的影响,常含有一些具有侵蚀性的离子,如 , , 等。通过模拟试验的方法,探讨了各种侵蚀性的离子在不同浓度和不同pH值条件下对水泥土的力学效应,并对环境侵蚀机理进行了探讨。试验结果表明,水化学作用对水泥土的力学性质具有明显的影响,对水泥土在复杂地质环境条件的设计和工程应用具有重要意义。     

解读工程建筑中地下水的作用与影响

地下水是很重要的一部分水体,它与地表水不同,对人类的水源提供具有很重要的意义,然而在工程建设中,由于地下水的特殊性和其化学成分,对钢筋混凝土具有很大的侵蚀性。文章中采用化学分析的方法,对地下水进行分析,获取水中的物质定量指标,评价其对工程建筑的作用和影响。     

PHREEQC在地下水溶质反应-运移模拟中的应用

由于地下水污染的加剧,对地下水中污染物运移规律的研究日益受到重视。地下水中的溶质在运移过程中伴随着溶质组分间的化学反应,因此需要建立地下水溶质运移与化学反应的耦合模型。PHREEQC是近年来发展起来的描述局部平衡反应、动态生物化学反应的水文地球化学模拟软件。本文利用该模拟软件对一维地下水流动过程中溶质离子交换反应和动态氧化还原反应进行了模拟。结果表明,PHREEQC能够成功地进行溶质运移情况下复杂水化学反应模拟,但对于复杂地下水流和溶质运动的情况,有必要耦合其它的地下水流动和溶质运移软件来共同完成。     

影响含硫化物的地下工程围岩中锚固体系侵蚀的主要因素研究(英文)

采用复合式衬砌的隧道及地下工程,锚喷支护系统的耐久性直接影响结构的稳定性和运营年限。锚杆主体属于钢构件,极易遭受侵蚀。从采用复合式衬砌的隧道及地下工程的结构特点可知,对于一定形式的锚杆,所遭受的侵蚀作用主要取决于锚杆与来自围岩的侵蚀性地下水的相互作用。本文探讨了含硫化物围岩中影响锚杆侵蚀的主要因素,描述了侵蚀性地下水的形成,以及锚杆侵蚀作用的物理化学机理,并提出了基于此机理的含硫化物围岩中锚杆使用年限的估算方法。     

大坪隧道水文地质条件分析及涌水量预测

大坪隧道地处秦岭南麓中山区,为引汉济渭工程中三河口水利枢纽至黄金峡水电枢纽控制性工程之一,地层及构造较为复杂,通过水文地质综合调查方法,分析隧址区水文地质条件,采用地下水径流模数法及地下水动力学法对隧道涌水量进行预测计算,预测结果表明隧道较大涌水点主要集中在断裂构造密集带及灰岩溶隙发育区段,进而为隧道施工提出建议。     

曹妃甸滨海区浅层地下水腐蚀性评价

浅层地下水对地下建筑具有一定的腐蚀性,影响建筑物安全,沿海地区尤为严重。随着曹妃甸新区城市建设的加快,浅层地下水和土对工程的腐蚀性及对工程结构设计的影响也越来越受到关注。本文对曹妃甸滨海区的地下水腐蚀性数据进行了统计分析,并对地下水的侵蚀性进行了评价,得出曹妃甸滨海区域地下水腐蚀性的规律。浅层地下水对混凝土结构具有弱-强的腐蚀性,自北向南逐渐加重;对混凝土结构中的钢筋普遍具有腐蚀性,对钢结构具有弱-中等腐蚀性,总体向南加重。此研究可以为区内的城市规划和工程建设提供借鉴。     

华莹山九洞含硅饮用矿泉水形成的水文地球化学机理

地下水是一种化学成分十分复杂的多元物理化学平衡体系,研究地下水的各种物理化学反应,究其实质就是研究原子、分子、离子、电子和各种化合物在其间的能量转换或运动规律。化学热力学就是专门研究各种化学反应所发生的能量变化,将化学热力学运用于水文地球化学体系中,可以判明化学反应发生的可能性、方向性和它们进行的程度等,用以解决地下水的形成和有关元素形成的水文地球化学机理等重大理论和实际问题。 在有关SiO_2的来源,含硅地下水的形成中,不少水文地球化学文献,曾建立许多化学反应方程式,但从化学热力学角度,定量的进行研究还很不够;笔者发现,许多反应方程式,在常温常压下并不能自发进行,亦即按这些反应方程式并不能说明含硅地下水的形成机制。那么,含硅地下水是怎样形成的?本文试图以华莹山矿泉水为实例,用化学热力学有关计算来解释这一课题。 这里,一方面对有关化学热力学在水文地球化学中的应用,进行一些理论上的探索;另一方面应用化学热力学理论,对解决华莹山含硅矿泉水的形成机制进行一些尝试。     

隧道围岩中黄铁矿的氧化对隧道混凝土衬砌耐久性的影响研究

当隧道工程施工遇到含黄铁矿的地层时，黄铁矿氧化形成的酸性环境以及其引发的一系列化学反应会对隧道混凝土衬砌的耐久性带来不利的影响。利用黄铁矿氧化形成酸性环境水的一系列化学反应和机理，并对隧道混凝土衬砌在酸性环境水条件下的侵蚀过程进行了实验室浸泡试验和理论分析，运用化学热力学对酸性环境下混凝土中不同硅酸盐矿物和铝酸盐矿物侵蚀反应的吉布斯自由能的变化△Gγ^φ和反应的平衡常数lgKT。计算结果表明铝酸盐抗H^ 离子侵蚀的能力比硅酸盐差；在酸性水中，高钙硅比、高碱性的是水化矿物一般比低钙硅比、低碱性的水化矿物稳定性差。研究结果结合具体的隧道工点调查，可以为穿越含黄铁矿地层的隧道混凝土病害整治和预防提出了针对性很强的工程措施。     

某市隧道工程地下空间开发利用工程地质条件适宜性研究

地下空间开发是城市未来发展的重点方向,工程地质条件在隧道工程地下空间开发利用中不可忽视。通过对研究区工程地质条件和地下空间开发利用情况的分析研究,得出隧道工程地下空间开发利用的主要影响因素包括地下水、软土和粉(砂)土层分布等。本次评价对地下空间分空间域进行隧道工程地下空间开发利用适宜性评价;选择淤泥质土厚度、粉砂土分布、地下水腐蚀性和比贯入阻力作为评价因子,并采用"层次分析法"确定其权重大小。根据对综合评分值Z的分值大小进行隧道工程地下空间开发利用工程地质条件适宜性评价。     

水质分析在重庆笔架山隧道防腐设计中的应用

我国是拥有隧道数量最多及总长度最长的国家。同时也是隧道病害最严重的国家之一。由于隧道的主体是处于天然介质环境中的人工地下结构，在运营中会出现衬砌腐蚀等多种病害和危害。进行合理的防腐设计对隧道的安全、舒适、正常运营具重大意义。在南方富含腐蚀性介质地区，地下水容易沿衬砌的各种孔洞渗流到衬砌内侧，成为隧道渗漏水，对衬砌混凝土等产生侵蚀作用，造成衬砌腐蚀。故地下水对混凝土的侵蚀性是隧道防腐设计的重要组成部分。作者在掌握笔架山隧道工程地质、水文地质资料及查明环境水含腐蚀性介质的来源、成分基础上，利用隧道水简(化学)分析、地质调查、裂隙水统计等手段定性及定量评价环境地下水对衬砌混凝土腐蚀程度。认为基岩地下水不会对衬砌产生化学腐蚀。从而科学地修正了隧道的防腐设计。此结论及时反馈于施工，在后来的施工中取消了耐腐蚀混凝土及其它混凝土外加剂，节省了投资，加快了施工进度。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with