成都平原高分辨率遥感影像分割尺度研究

对高分辨率遥感影像进行分类,面向对象的影像分析技术优于传统的面向像元的影像分析技术。要使用面向对象的影像分析技术,关键是分割遥感影像,以得到一系列与地物有密切联系的影像对象。分割的准确性与分割的尺度选择有关。针对成都平原高分辨率卫星影像,采用不同尺度对试验区影像进行分割,并比较分割结果,确定成都平原高分辨率遥感影像数据分割最佳尺度为30,该尺度分割的影像对象亮度均值标准差最大。     

基于最优尺度和规则的高分辨率影像分类研究

高分辨率影像的广泛应用推进面向对象影像分析(OBIA)的发展,而分割作为面向对象分类的关键步骤,其尺度的选择直接关系到地物信息的提取。空间尺度是地物的固有属性,在合适的分割尺度下可以更好地挖掘地物信息。本文结合最大面积法和分割质量评价模型对张山营镇影像进行分割实验,先通过分析对象最大面积初步得到最优尺度范围,后结合分割质量评价模型以确定最优分割尺度层次。在此基础上,综合样本提取的光谱、纹理等特征进行规则训练,最终完成面向对象的土地覆被分类研究。结果显示:基于多层次最优尺度的规则分类方法获得更好的分类结果,其总体精度为88.8%,Kappa系数为0.861,而基于单一尺度的最邻近法总体精度81.4%,Kappa系数0.773,基于单一尺度的规则分类法总体精度为83.2%,Kappa系数为0.85。     

"资源一号"02C卫星影像土地利用变化检测能力分析

“资源一号”02C卫星自成功发射以来，被广泛应用于土地资源、矿产资源、地质环境调查，以及国土资源、地质灾害应急监测等应用领域。“资源一号”02C卫星是一颗填补我国高分辨率遥感数据空白的卫星，是根据国土资源主体业务需求定制的第一颗国产高分辨率业务卫星。本文以吉林省和浙江省某试验区“资源一号”02C卫星数据为例，对“资源一号”02C卫星数据融合影像进行了土地利用遥感监测变化信息检测能力的方法试验。根据试验区数据变化信息提取试验结果，对“资源一号”02C卫星影像在土地利用动态遥感监测中的变化检测能力和适用性开展了试验、分析和评价工作。     

融合像素—多尺度区域特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类算法

针对基于像素多特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类算法的"胡椒盐"现象和面向对象影像分析方法的"平滑地物细节"现象,提出了一种融合像素特征和多尺度区域特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类算法。(1)首先采用均值漂移算法对原始影像进行初始过分割,然后对初始过分割结果进行多尺度的区域合并,形成多尺度分割结果。根据多尺度区域合并RMI指数变化和分割尺度对分类精度的影响,确定最优分割尺度。(2)融合光谱特征、像元形状指数PSI(Pixel Shape Index)、初始尺度和最优尺度区域特征,并对多类型特征进行归一化,最后结合支持向量机(SVM)进行分类。实验结果表明该算法既能有效减少基于像素多特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类算法的"胡椒盐"现象,又能保持地物对象的完整性和地物细节信息,提高易混淆类别(如阴影和街道,裸地和草地)的分类精度。     

基于资源一号02C卫星数据的土地资源高分系统变化信息提取方法应用研究

资源一号02C卫星的研制、发展和应用填补了中国民用测绘卫星的空白,增强中国独立获取地理空间信息的能力,解决中国基础地理信息资源战略性短缺的问题。针对资源一号02C卫星数据特点,形成稳定、高效和快速的高分辨率卫星基础地理信息生产与更新的技术应用体系,将充分发挥资源一号02C卫星工程效益。本文基于资源一号02C数据,以黑龙省双城市为示范区,应用土地资源示范原型系统,开展土地利用变化信息提取方法试验,结果表明土地资源高分系统能够实现自动提取和人机交互相结合的方法提取土地利用变化信息,满足当前应用需求,能够为其他用户部门提供高分辨率遥感影像应用服务。     

鹤地水库SPOT7影像分类研究

针对水库地区开展的高分辨率影像地物信息提取研究少而需求大以及面向对象的影像分割尺度选择难问题,基于SPOT7高分辨率卫星影像数据,选取广东省湛江市鹤地水库作为研究区域,提出一种针对高分辨率影像的最优分割尺度选择以及针对水库地区的典型地物模糊分类规则构建方法,成功实现水体、植被、裸土、建成区的快速准确提取。结果表明:通过引入局部方差变量和Moran’I指数并结合最小风险贝叶斯决策原则能直观、准确、唯一地识别最佳空间分割尺度;通过分析光谱和纹理特征发现,水体和植被的光谱特征显著,建成区的纹理特征表现突出,而裸土单靠光谱特征不足以辨识,需要纹理特征的辅助;针对典型地物构建的模糊规则分类效果整体良好,总体精度达到了90.8%,Kappa系数为0.884。本研究有助于水库管理部门、国土资源调查部门快速、动态地把握库区的整体用地情况。     

面向对象的成都平原多源遥感影像分割尺度研究

要对高分辨率遥感影像进行分类,采用面向对象的遥感影像分析技术比传统的面向像元的遥感影像分析技术优越。要使用面向对象的遥感影像分析技术,关键的第一步是要对遥感影像进行分割,以便得到一系列与地物有密切联系的影像对象。分割的准确性与分割的尺度选择有关。本文针对成都平原高分辨率卫星影像分割尺度选择进行试验和研究,采用不同尺度对试验区不同分辨率遥感影像进行影像分割,并比较分割结果,得出成都平原高分辨率遥感影像数据分割最佳尺度与影像对象亮度均值标准差最大值所对应的分割尺度一致;并且遥感影像空间分辨率越高,最佳分割尺度越大,反之亦然。     

高分辨率影像分类的最优分割尺度计算

针对高分辨率遥感影像分类与信息提取中存在的难点,基于不同目标地物在高分辨率影像上具有对应最优分割尺度的基本思想,该文在分析现有最优分割尺度确定方法的基础上,提出了加权均值法结合最大面积的最优分割尺度的确定方法;利用该方法,进行了高分辨率影像分割实验,获取了对应典型地物的最优分割尺度数值范围,实现了典型地物的信息提取;并运用样本点检验的方法,计算并分析了分类的精度结果。结果表明:基于加权均值与最大面积相结合的最优分割尺度计算方法,应用于面向对象高分辨率影像信息的提取具有较为理想的精度。     

基于eCognition的资源一号02C土地利用现状自动提取

利用eCognition软件采用面向对象分类的方法,以北京市某地区为试验区,对国产高分影像(资源一号02C)进行土地利用现状信息自动提取试验,为资源一号02C星影像用于土地利用分类信息提取提供技术手段。     

基于卫星遥感的输油管廊沿线的地物识别研究

基于eCognition软件进行研究区域面向对象的信息提取,对研究区进行多尺度影像分割的实验,找到适合影像地物信息提取的尺度及参数、分类规则,并对研究区的影像数据进行验证,通过eCognition分类结果与传统分类和基于GBDT分类算法结果的对比,说明面向对象的特征提取算法更适用于几何信息和结构信息丰富的高分辨率图像.     

Estimating carbon sequestration in the piedmont ecoregion of the United States from 1971 to 2010

Human activities have diverse and profound impacts on ecosystem carbon cycles. The Piedmont ecoregion in the eastern United States has undergone significant land use and land cover change in the past few decades. The purpose of this study was to use newly available land use and land cover change data to quantify carbon changes within the ecoregion. Land use and land cover change data (60-m spatial resolution) derived from sequential remotely sensed Landsat imagery were used to generate 960-m resolution land cover change maps for the Piedmont ecoregion. These maps were used in the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) to simulate ecosystem carbon stock and flux changes from 1971 to 2010. Results show that land use change, especially urbanization and forest harvest had significant impacts on carbon sources and sinks. From 1971 to 2010, forest ecosystems sequestered 0.25 Mg C ha?1 yr?1, while agricultural ecosystems sequestered 0.03 Mg C ha?1 yr?1. The total ecosystem C stock increased from 2271 Tg C in 1971 to 2402 Tg C in 2010, with an annual average increase of 3.3 Tg C yr?1. Terrestrial lands in the Piedmont ecoregion were estimated to be weak net carbon sink during the study period. The major factors contributing to the carbon sink were forest growth and afforestation; the major factors contributing to terrestrial emissions were human induced land cover change, especially urbanization and forest harvest. An additional amount of carbon continues to be stored in harvested wood products. If this pool were included the carbon sink would be stronger.     

基于面向对象分类技术的地理国情监测研究

地物分类是地理国情变化监测的关键技术,选用福州仓山主城区两个时期的高分辨率影像作为研究对象,研究了利用面向对象分类技术进行地表覆盖分类并生成地理国情普查数据的方法和流程。同时,探讨了基于不同时期地理国情普查数据的空间分析统计结果,揭示地理国情变化规律及原因。     

3D Visualization for the Analysis of Forest Cover Change

Abstract

Visualization techniques have been developed to recreate natural landscapes, but little has been done to investigate their potential for illustrating land cover change using spatio‐temporal data. In this work, remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS) and visualization techniques were applied to generate realistic computer visualizations depicting the dynamic nature of forested environments. High resolution digital imagery and aerial photography were classified using object‐oriented methods. The resulting classifications, along with preexisting land cover datasets, were used to drive the correct placement of vegetation in the visualized landscape, providing an accurate representation of reality at various points in time. 3D Nature's Visual Nature Studio was used to construct a variety of realistic images and animations depicting forest cover change in two distinct ecological settings. Visualizations from Yellowstone National Park focused on the dramatic impact of the 1988 fire upon the lodgepole pine forest. For a study area in Kansas, visualization techniques were used to explore the continuous human‐land interactions impacting the eastern deciduous forest and tallgrass prairie ecotone between 1941 and 2002. The resulting products demonstrate the flexibility and effectiveness of visualizations for representing spatio‐temporal patterns such as changing forest cover. These geographic visualizations allow users to communicate findings and explore new hypotheses in a clear, concise and effective manner.     

Comparison of large-area land cover products with national forest inventories and CORINE land cover in the European Alps

Considerable efforts have recently resulted in the development of global land cover data at large spatial scales. The main objective of this study is a comparison of different AVHRR- and MODIS-based forest and land cover products at the scale of the European Alps: a large natural ecosystem that is exposed to both natural environmental threats and human impacts and exploitation. In a first test, the accuracy of land cover products in predicting the overall amount of forest across national boundaries was assessed using national forest inventory statistics. Both variants of forest class combinations resulted in a general overestimation of the forest area. The IGBP 2.0 cover performed best with an overall mean absolute error of 13% and a bias of 0%. In a second test, large-area land cover products were tested for accuracy in predicting 13 aggregated land cover types in a spatially explicit manner using CORINE land cover as reference dataset. Due to data inconsistencies, partly insufficient spatial resolution, steep terrain and land use heterogeneity of the European Alps, only partly satisfactory results were obtained.     

地表反射率数据库的构建及其应用

针对实现卫星对地观测的自适应多模态,需要根据先验判定卫星成像区域内地表覆盖类型及其反射率状况建立与太阳光照条件、地表覆盖类型、反射率相关的成像载荷积分时间、不同压缩比的成像参数设置模型,以选择最优的观测模式的问题,该文以中分辨率成像光谱仪(MERIS)地表反射率影像和GlobCover全球陆地覆盖分类图为数据源,建立了地表覆盖分类图及其反射率影像矢量化处理的技术流程,构建了以冰雪、沙漠、裸土、岩石、农作物、森林、草地、水体等不同地表覆盖类型及其在不同季节蓝、绿、红、近红外波段的地物反射率数据库。以此作为遥感卫星成像任务规划的技术支撑,构建自适应选择最优的观测模式,提升遥感图像的质量。     

The Forest Types and Ages Cleared for Land Development in Puerto Rico

On the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico, forest, urban/built-up, and pasture lands have replaced most formerly cultivated lands. The extent and age distribution of each forest type that undergoes land development, however, is unknown. This study assembles a time series of four land cover maps for Puerto Rico. The time series includes two digitized paper maps of land cover in 1951 and 1978 that are based on photo interpretation. The other two maps are of forest type and land cover and are based on decision tree classification of Landsat image mosaics dated 1991 and 2000. With the map time series we quantify land-cover changes from 1951 to 2000; map forest age classes in 1991 and 2000; and quantify the forest that undergoes land development (urban development or surface mining) from 1991 to 2000 by forest type and age. This step relies on intersecting a map of land development from 1991 to 2000 (from the same satellite imagery) with the forest age and type maps. Land cover changes from 1991 to 2000 that continue prior trends include urban expansion and transition of sugar cane, pineapple, and other lowland agriculture to pasture. Forest recovery continues, but it has slowed. Emergent and forested wetland area increased between 1977 and 2000. Sun coffee cultivation appears to have increased slightly. Most of the forests cleared for land development, 55%, were young (1-13 yr). Only 13% of the developed forest was older (41-55+ yr). However, older forest on rugged karst lands that long ago reforested is vulnerable to land development if it is close to an urban center and unprotected.     

Environmental aspects in Dalli-Rajhara iron ore mine area,M.P. using digital image processing techniques

Landsat MSS (1982) and IRS LISS-II (1989) data have been used to study the land use/land cover changes in Dalli-Rajhara iron ore mine area. Supervised classification has been performed on the temporal data to generate land use/land cover maps. Land use/land cover categories generated from IRS LISS-II data of 36 m resolution has been resampled to 80 m and areal statistics have been computed for 2, 4, 8 and 10 km wide strips around Dalli-Rajhara iron ore mine. The environmental impact due to on-going mining activities in the area has been analysed. The results of this study indicate that due to increase in mine-related and agricultural activities, forests have been degraded and also forest areas have been reduced considerably.     

玛河流域景观生态风险评价与时空分异

以玛纳斯河流域作为研究区,结合特殊的干旱区山地-绿洲-荒漠系统(Mountain-Oasis-Desert System简称MODS),综合考虑遥感影像数据光谱信息和纹理特征,将研究区分为耕地、林地、草地、水体、裸地、居民地、工业用地和冰川/永久积雪等8个景观类型,利用FRAGSTATS软件计算景观指数,引入生态风险的指数,将研究区划为低、较低、中、较高、高生态风险区五级,评估其景观格局的生态风险时空变化特征。结果表明:1)1990—2015年间,玛纳斯河流域景观变化主要表现为耕地、建设用地的增加以及水体、冰川/永久积雪面积的缩减;2)玛纳斯河流域的景观生态风险等级空间分布具有明显的差异,较低风险区的面积变化较为明显,低、较低生态的风险区比重有所上升,除此以外,林、草地类型各生态风险的等级所占比重的起伏波动具有明显的差异。建议应当合理地利用土地资源,尽量保护林地、草地等景观脆弱行较低的原生景观类型,禁止为开垦耕地而破坏林地、草地;增加土地的利用效率,更要对高等、较高生态风险区加强监管。     

Major forest changes and land cover transitions based on plant functional types derived from the ESA CCI Land Cover product

Land use and land cover change are of prime concern due to their impacts on CO₂ emissions, climate change and ecological services. New global land cover products at 300 m resolution from the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative Land Cover (CCI LC) project for epochs centered around 2000, 2005 and 2010 were analyzed to investigate forest area change and land cover transitions. Plant functional types (PFTs) fractions were derived from these land cover products according to a conversion table. The gross global forest loss between 2000 and 2010 is 172,171 km², accounting for 0.6% of the global forest area in year 2000. The forest changes are mainly distributed in tropical areas such as Brazil and Indonesia. Forest gains were only observed between 2005 and 2010 with a global area of 9844 km², mostly from crops in Southeast Asia and South America. The predominant PFT transition is deforestation from forest to crop, accounting for four-fifths of the total increase of cropland area between 2000 and 2010. The transitions from forest to bare soil, shrub, and grass also contributed strongly to the total areal change in PFTs. Different PFT transition matrices and composition patterns were found in different regions. The highest fractions of forest to bare soil transitions were found in the United States and Canada, reflecting forest management practices. Most of the degradation from grassland and shrubland to bare soil occurred in boreal regions. The areal percentage of forest loss and land cover transitions generally decreased from 2000–2005 to 2005–2010. Different data sources and uncertainty in the conversion factors (converting from original LC classes to PFTs) contribute to the discrepancy in the values of change in absolute forest area.