烟台金矿体本质特征描述及其意义

一类矿床区别另一类矿床的地质地球化学特征,即矿床本质特征。文章以矿床模型的思维,描述了烟台金矿床的矿脉与矿体地质、矿石特征、矿石地球化学、近矿围岩蚀变、金矿的同源与异源脉岩、成矿深度和成矿时代等本质特征,用以说明其为浅成热液脉型金矿及与中深热液脉型金矿的本质区别。在此基础上,指出胶东为多期多成因金矿集中区,尽管中深热液脉型金矿为主要类型,但蓬莱-栖霞和牟平-乳山两条重要的浅成热液脉型金矿带仍应予以重视,而且中深脉型金矿中是否有浅成热液的叠加成矿也应关注。     

胶东脉型金矿定量统计模型

胶东存在中深成和浅成两类脉型金矿。定量统计模型研究发现，形成于 挤压地球动力学环境的中深成脉型金矿，成矿深度相对深，规模大，矿化强，形成于拉张地球动力学环境的浅成脉型金矿，成矿深度相对浅，规模小，矿化弱。     

铜陵地区矽卡岩型独立金矿成矿深度探讨

采用矿床地质法和流体包裹体压力计法,对铜陵地区包村、朝山矽卡岩型独立金矿床的成矿深度进行了估算。据成矿相关岩体特征、金矿体延深、矿石特征等推断金矿化发生于浅成—中浅成环境。根据不同矿化阶段石英、方解石中流体包裹体的显微测温结果,估算成矿压力为650×105～850×105Pa,成矿深度介于2.5～3.2km,与矿床地质特征反映的成矿深度基本吻合,也与国内外同类矿床研究结果相符。综合认为铜陵地区矽卡岩型独立金矿床成矿深度为中浅成,脆性构造裂隙空间的压力骤然降低引起的流体不混溶和流体沸腾是金富集成矿的主要原因。     

湖北蛇屋山金矿区风化型金矿床地质特征及成因浅析

湖北嘉鱼蛇屋山金矿区风化型金矿床，矿体赋在于松散粘土层中，含不等量砾砂的粘土为含矿寄主岩。矿体呈似层状，产状平缓呈平卧状态。矿床规模大，长约１３００ｍ，宽约３５０ｍ，面积达０．５ｋｍ￣２，矿体厚１．２～４１．２ｍ，Ａｕ品位（１．１～７．６）×１０￣（－６）。矿石氧化程度高，金主要呈游离态次显微金形式存在。成矿控制因素主要受基岩岩性、地质构造环境和松散层性质。成矿物质主要来源于矿化原岩及下伏或附近基岩中的原生金矿体、具金矿化或金异常的含金地质体。矿床形成是表生风（红土）化作用的结果，为风化残积成因红土型金矿床。     

新疆准噶尔地区金矿床成矿流体稀土元素地球化学特征

新疆准噶尔地区出现大量不同类型金矿床，为了探讨它们的成因，为金矿床的找矿勘探提供依据。笔者进行了哈图、包谷图、阔尔真阔腊、科克萨依等金矿床包裹体流体中稀土元素及同位素等研究。结果表明，尽管它们成矿形式不同，规模不等，但它们的金均主要来自深源，并有地层物质参与。其中哈图金矿石英脉型矿体与蚀变岩型矿体是两种不同来源的流体叠加成矿，石英脉型矿体主要与哈图岩体岩浆流体关系密切，蚀变岩型矿体与深源流体有关。包谷图、阔尔真阔腊金矿矿、科克萨依金矿成矿流体主要来源于深源，成矿过程中受到浅成流体的综合影响。矿物包裹体流体的稀土元素特征主要反映了原始成矿流体来源，矿物的稀土元素特征可能较多地体现了矿床特有的后期地质作用，这在今后研究中将进一步探讨。     

浅成脉状金矿床及其分类概述

浅成脉状金矿是指在近地在至１．５ｋｍ深度，以充填方式形成，总体形状呈脉状金矿床。其赋矿围岩是多种多样的，以火山岩、次火山岩、浅侵入体最为常见，此外还有变质岩等。热液矿床的形成深度对矿体形状、产状、规模、物质组成和结构构造有重要影响。浅成脉状金矿是我国仅次于中深脉状金矿的第二个重要类型。介绍了浅成脉状金矿的地质特征及进一步分类的方案。     

山东牟平邓格庄金矿的地球化学特征及成因

邓格庄大型石英脉型金矿，分布于燕山期昆嵛山花岗岩体内金牛山断裂带次级断裂中。成矿年龄１１８×１０６ａ，它比容矿岩体冷凝至３５０℃时还晚１２×１０６ａ。成矿深度小于１ｋｍ（约０．７５ｋｍ），而容矿岩体的定位深度大于１３ｋｍ，它们的定位深度差大于１２ｋｍ。成矿流体来自地壳深部，通过水－岩反应又从容矿岩体中萃取一部分金。故此金矿不是传统意义的岩浆期后热液矿床     

黑龙江省东宁县金厂金矿石英和闪锌矿激光40Ar-39Ar法年龄及其找矿意义

黑龙江省东宁县金厂金矿是滨太平洋成矿域浅成低温-斑岩成矿系统中极具代表性的特大型金矿床。矿区已发现爆破角砾岩筒型、环状一放射状裂隙充填型、似层状微细脉浸染型和断控构造破碎带蚀变岩型等矿化类型。为确定成矿时间,作者应用高精度单颗粒激光熔蚀氩氩法,选择Ⅻ号破碎带蚀变岩型矿体中多金属硫化物一石英脉中石英和J-9号爆破角砾岩筒型矿体中闪锌矿进行年龄测定。获得Ⅻ号矿体石英40Ar/39Ar等时线年龄为119±5Ma（MSWD：6．3）,J-9号矿体闪锌矿40Ar/39Ar等时线年龄为129±0．8Ma（MSWD=3．7）,限定了成矿作用的上限。结合最新获得的相关成矿地质体精细年代学成果,进一步认定金厂金矿成矿时代为燕山晚期,成矿与同时代闪长玢岩一花岗闪长斑岩关系密切。金厂金矿成岩、成矿环境具备寻找富金斑岩型铜矿的有利条件,与成矿关系密切侵入岩呈岩脉、岩枝状,指示矿区剥蚀程度浅,深部还有发现斑岩型Au（cu）矿化的可能。     

湖南益阳金银山金矿床地质特征与找矿方向

金银山金矿床属益阳南郊金矿田中的一个新发现的矿床。矿床受构造控制明显,以含金破碎带型金矿体和破碎带中石英脉型金矿体形式产出。矿床成因初步归纳为深源-浅成-构导-渗流-叠加成矿。矿体有向南西侧伏现象,矿区南部是今后找矿重点地区。     

胶东金矿金成色及其指示意义

影响金成色的因素较多,包括矿床成因类型、形成深度、变质程度、成矿时代、成矿温度和矿化阶段等,其中金矿床形成深度是最关键的因素。矿床形成深度大,成矿的物化参数变化慢,形成的金成色高;形成深度小,成矿的物化参数变化快,形成的金成色低。以胶东金矿为例,统计并定性分析了这种关系,证明胶东金矿区存在类似的规律,据此可以推广,以矿床金的成色来判断矿床的形成深度和矿体的延深情况。胶东金矿金成色较低,以５５０～７５０居多,反映了金矿成矿以中浅成为主。南张家金矿金成色最低,暗示其形成深度最浅（小于１．５ｋｍ）。     

试论主要类型矿床的形成深度与最大延深垂幅

在大量典型矿床实地调查和国内外综合对比研究的基础上,基于深部找矿的现实需要和存在问题,本文首先回顾评述了主要矿床类型的原始成矿深度,按受控于中下地壳尺度大规模岩浆堆积体的超深成岩浆矿床与受控于流体渗透率制约的中上地壳深成、中成和浅成岩浆热液矿床序列展开。在此基础上尝试探讨主要类型矿床的最大延深垂幅,探讨分析了以Bushveld层状岩体和Voisey’s Bay小岩体为代表的铜镍矿床、驱龙为代表的斑岩铜矿床、Muruntau为代表的造山型金矿、胶东金矿省的已控制延深垂幅、剥蚀程度以及深部可能的延深空间。内生矿床系统具有很宽的成矿深度范围,大型层状岩体的成矿深度可逾20 km,最大矿化垂直延深幅度可达6~8 km。岩浆热液矿床的最大成矿深度以地壳尺度流体渗透的下限为底界,其中造山型金矿床成矿深度最大(约12~15 km),伟晶岩和花岗岩型矿床次之,斑岩型矿床居中(约2~6 km),浅成低温金银矿床深度最浅(1 km至近地表);相应的最大延深垂幅则依次可达4~7 km、2~3 km和1 km。评述了高渗透性的聚矿构造空间、成矿作用顶峰、合适的矿床保存条件等控制因素及部分标志。并对如何确定合理统一的成岩成矿深度(压力)的估算方法以及确定最大成矿深度与矿化体系最大延深幅度的理论依据、判断标志、综合辨识方法体系等未来研究方向进行了展望。     

Features of Ore Mineralization of Alyarmaut Rise (Western Chukotka)

The Au mineralization of Alyarmaut Rise was formed from the ore-forming fluids of two types strongly differing in pressure. The first type of fluid is similar to fluids of the orogenic Au–quartz deposits in terms of the physicochemical parameters and composition. These fluids were formed at a high pressure from heterogeneous, carbon dioxide–aqueous fluids with a low salinity at a depth of 5–7 km. The second type of fluid, which is also heterogeneous, has a shallower origin with a wide range of salinity variation and a small amount of carbon dioxide. This type of fluid is similar to the fluids of epithermal deposits. The wide range of pressure variation characterizing the mineralization of the rise indicates the vertical displacement of the block of the host rocks followed by erosion. Judging by the presence the secondary halos of Au, Ag, As, Sb, Pb, Zn, and Cu in the Upper Paleozoic carbonate–terrigenous rocks of the Alyarmaut Rise, there are prospects to reveal sites with new epithermal Au–Ag mineralization, which are essential for the area and unusual for the Anyui-Chukotka Fold System.     

Origin of Mantle-Shaped Carbonatite Bodies in the Khalyuta Deposit, Western Transbaikal Region, Russia

The western Transbaikal region is among the long known and well studied ore districts. Nevertheless, carbonatites were unknown in the region until 1990s. About four decades ago, two small outcrops of endogenic carbonatite rocks were discovered in the western sector of this region. Subsequently, one of these outcrops was identified as an epithermal fluorite mineralization in limestones, while the second outcrop was recognized as skarn lode with the barite–strontianite mineralization. Recently, based on geostructural, mineralogical, geochemical, and isotope data, we could identify these rocks as linear or fault-line carbonatites (Bulnaev and Posokhov, 1995; Bulnaev, 1997). Now these sites are known as the Arshan and Khalyuta deposits spaced 20 km apart and located at 45–47 km to the southwest and west of Ulan-Ude, respectively.     

延边刺猬沟金矿床流体包裹体特征及其找矿意义

刺猬沟矿床是中国东北地区典型的低硫化型浅成低温热液型金矿。为确定该矿床的成矿物理化学条件及形成深度,对不同标高的同一条含矿石英脉中的流体包裹体开展了显微测温和激光拉曼光谱分析。结果表明,含金石英--方解石脉中的石英与方解石主要发育气液两相及少量富液相包裹体,包裹体均一温度变化范围为112. 2 ℃ ～ 377. 7 ℃,集中在200 ℃ ～ 240 ℃,盐度( w ( NaCl) ) 为0. 18% ～ 10. 87%,平均值为3. 43%,成矿流体密度为0. 57 g /cm3 ～ 1. 00 g /cm3,平均值为0. 89 g /cm3。结合包裹体气相组分的激光拉曼光谱分析认为,成矿流体属低温、低盐度、低密度的NaCl --H2O ( --CO2 ) 体系。根据包裹体测温结果,估算出该矿床的成矿压力为7. 99 ～ 37. 89 MPa,平均值为14. 92 MPa,对应的成矿深度为0. 27 ～ 1. 26 km,平均值为0. 50 km。与国内外同类矿床的对比研究表明,该矿床剥蚀深度较小,深部仍具有一定的找矿远景。     

新疆伊宁县塔吾尔别克金矿区资源潜力分析及找矿靶区预测

新疆塔吾尔别克金矿床位于西天山吐拉苏金-多金属矿集区,北距阿希金矿仅2.5km;金矿产于下石炭统大哈拉军山组上部的安山质熔岩和火山碎屑岩中,金矿化分别产于5条构造蚀变带内,宏观上受NW向构造破碎带的控制,同时还受到爆破角砾岩、隐爆角砾岩和次火山岩相斑岩体的联合制约;在金矿形成过程中,与早石炭世火山活动有关的地层、构造(火山机构和断裂构造)、次火山相斑岩和围岩蚀变对成矿具有程度不同的控制作用。文章认为,在进一步的找矿工作中,需要从找矿的广度和深度两方面拓展找矿范围,总结多类型(浅成低温热液型、斑岩型和角砾岩型)金矿床的复合成矿规律,探索矿体深部由金向铜(多金属)的矿化分带规律,深入挖掘矿床的成矿潜力;根据矿区成矿潜力的分析结果,预测了7处可供进一步找矿的勘查靶区。     

Relative age of Cordilleran base metal lode and replacement deposits, and high sulfidation Au–(Ag) epithermal mineralization in the Colquijirca mining district, central Peru

At Colquijirca, central Peru, a predominantly dacitic Miocene diatreme-dome complex of 12.4 to 12.7 Ma (⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar biotite ages), is spatially related to two distinct mineralization types. Disseminated Au–(Ag) associated with advanced argillic alteration and local vuggy silica typical of high- sulfidation epithermal ores are hosted exclusively within the volcanic center at Marcapunta. A second economically more important mineralization type is characterized as "Cordilleran base metal lode and replacement deposits." These ores are hosted in Mesozoic and Cenozoic carbonate rocks surrounding the diatreme-dome complex and are zoned outward from pyrite–enargite–quartz–alunite to pyrite–chalcopyrite–dickite–kaolinite to pyrite–sphalerite–galena–kaolinite–siderite. Alunite samples related to the Au–(Ag) epithermal ores have been dated by the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar method at 11.3–11.6 Ma and those from the Cordilleran base metal ores in the northern part of the district (Smelter and Colquijirca) at 10.6–10.8 Ma. The significant time gap (~0.5 My) between the ages of the two mineralization types in the Colquijirca district indicates they were formed by different hydrothermal events within the same magmatic cycle. The estimated time interval between the younger mineralization event (base metal mineralization) at ~10.6 Ma and the ages of ~12.5 Ma obtained on biotites from unmineralized dacitic domes flanking the vicinity of the diatreme vent, suggest a minimum duration of the magmatic–hydrothermal cycle of around 2 Ma. This study on the Colquijirca district offers for the first time precise absolute ages indicating that the Cordilleran base metal lode and replacement deposits were formed by a late hydrothermal event in an intrusive-related district, in this case post Au–(Ag) high-sulfidation epithermal mineralization.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article if you access the article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material.Editorial handling: O. Christensen     

西藏多龙矿集区典型矿床(点)矿化特征与成矿作用对比研究

西藏多龙矿集区是近年来中国新发现的具有世界级潜力的铜金矿集区。该矿集区现已查明多不杂、波龙、拿若和铁格隆南4个大型-超大型矿床,并新发现地堡那木岗和拿顿矿点。文章对上述矿床(点)脉体、蚀变、矿化和流体特征开展了系统研究和对比。结果表明,多不杂、波龙和拿若矿床矿化类型以斑岩型为主,同时钾硅酸盐化、绢英岩化、青磐岩化等蚀变广泛发育,而铁格隆南矿床除上述蚀变类型外,还叠加有高级泥化蚀变,并发育与之相关的浅成低温热液型矿化。根据脉体特征对比和流体包裹体温压计算推测,上述4个矿床矿化类型的差异可能由剥蚀深度的差异所引起(前三者剥蚀深度约为2～3 km,后者约为1～1.5 km)。此外,地堡那木岗矿点蚀变类型以绢英岩化、泥化为主,该矿点发育与斑岩型金矿中类似的深色条带状石英脉,指示该地区可能存在斑岩型金矿。拿顿矿点为典型的高硫型浅成低温热液型矿化,铜金矿体赋存于角砾岩筒中。野外地质调查表明,上述矿点地表蚀变岩盖(Lithocaps)发育,并且蚀变岩盖空间分布位置与下伏铜金矿体表现出良好的匹配关系,可有效地指导找矿勘查工作。流体包裹体实验进一步表明,铜金元素在斑岩型矿化中的沉淀可能与温度降低和氧逸度的变化有关,而在浅成低温热液型矿化中的沉淀则受控于温度的降低和流体的不混溶作用。最后,在前人年代学研究基础上,结合本次实验结果构建了该地区与成矿作用有关的时空演化模型。     

As–Sb–Bi–Au mineralization in the Baogutu gold deposit,Xinjiang, NW China

Here we report the occurrence of some uncommon mineral assemblages including pääkönenite, aurostibite, native arsenic, native antimony, and native bismuth found in the Baogutu gold deposit in the western Junggar, Xinjiang, NW China. The mineralization could be generally subdivided into two types: the gold-bearing quartz-vein type mineralization and disseminated mineralization in the wall rocks. The sulfide minerals in gold lodes commonly include pyrite, arsenopyrite, marcasite, and stibnite. However, the L7 lode in No. 4 orebody and the L1 lode in No. 11 orebody of the Baogutu gold deposit are quite different in terms of their mineral assemblages. The L7 lode contains native arsenic–quartz veins in shallow levels and stibnite–quartz veins at depth. Gold-bearing minerals (electrum, native gold, and rarely aurostibite) mainly coexist with pääkönenite, stibnite, native arsenic, and native antimony. The crystallization of As- and Sb-bearing minerals was likely to have consumed H₂S from the hydrothermal fluid, which probably triggered the precipitation of native gold. The L1 lode consists of several discontinuous sulfide-dominated lensoid orebodies. The massive sulfide ores that produced most of the gold resource are characterized by an intimate association between native bismuth and native gold mineralization.     

利用包裹体测温资料估算早子沟金矿成岩成矿压力及ｐＨ、Eh值

早子沟金矿位于秦岭造山带西段夏河—合作断裂带上,矿区成矿作用与岩浆热液及断裂构造关系密切,矿区岩浆岩内石英中含有大量熔体包裹体及流体包裹体,显微测温结果显示,熔体包裹体均一温度范围为700℃-790℃,流体包裹体分为H2O-NaCl包裹体、NaCl-H2O-CO2包裹体、H2O-CO2包裹体3种类型,包裹体均一温度范围为195℃-360℃,本文通过对熔体包裹体的研究,采用“熔体包裹体＋流体包裹体”的方法 ,估算矿区岩浆岩成岩压力为275MPa,依据断裂带流体垂直分带规律,计算得到早子沟金矿成岩深度为13.96km,成矿深度为2.10-6.02km,平均成矿深度为4.06km。表明矿区深部成矿找矿尚有很大潜力。应用刘斌及Ryzhenko and Bryzgalin推导的计算流体包裹体pH值及Eh值的公式,对矿区不同体系（类型）流体包裹体的pH值及Eh值进行了估算,其结果表明：早子沟金矿包裹体的pH值为2.25-5.88,成矿溶液为酸性,在成矿阶段pH呈升高的趋势;包裹体的Eh值为0.409-0.139V,成矿溶液体系从早期到晚期Eh呈逐渐降低的趋势。pH值及Eh值的这种变化趋势,均有利于矿区Au元素的沉淀富集。     

峪耳崖金矿床元素地球化学地质统计分析

峪耳崖金矿床为大型－特大中温热液型金矿床，形成于燕山中晚期，金矿脉包括两种自然类型，即脉型和细脉网脉浸染型，通过对金的统计分布特征和空间分布特征的研究，认为金矿化为一个矿化期两个矿化阶段，金品位由对应于矿化阶段的两个对数正态分布总体混合而成，在垂向空间上各空间段的金品位都是由两个对数正态总体控一定比例叠加而成；三个矿化带在垂向空间依次向下分布，矿化强度随标高减小而增高，综合考虑相关分析，聚类分析，模糊聚类分析的结果，提炼出与金矿化密切相关的最佳地球化学标志组合，运用回归分析，模型出原生金矿化元素地球化学模型，利用变异指数法确定了矿体原生晕垂向分带。