Engineering geological characterisation of the rock masses at Tannur Dam site,South Jordan

This paper highlights the geomechanical characterisation of the rock masses exposed at the dam abutments and reservoir area at the Tannur Dam site, South Jordan. The right abutment rock masses are characterised by closely to widely spaced joints. The rock-mass qualities were assigned using the rock-mass rating (RMR) and Q-tunnelling index. Both systems assigned a poor quality for foundation rocks because of the presence of weak rocks. The rock masses constituting the dam abutments exhibit fair quality. The results of packer tests indicate that the hydraulic conductivity of the rock masses of Fuheis-Hummar-Shueib (FHS) and Wadi es Sir (A7) formations range from 10 to 150 Lugeon units (LU). The FHS was characterised by lower LU values compared with A7; this reflects the fracturing characteristics of A7. However, the A7 should be grouted especially the right abutment. However, the FHS needs less grouting because the spacing between joints seems to be tight. The estimated shear strength envelopes relevant to the rock masses of both abutments as well as the foundation rocks were quite similar and, therefore, present similar shear strength characteristics. The shear strength for jointed rock masses showed curvilinear failure planes with average cohesion values of 0.67 and 0.64 MPa and friction angles of 36.5 and 35.5° for dam abutments and the foundation area, respectively.     

Investigation of the Geological and Geotechnical Characteristics of Daroongar Dam,Northeast Iran

This paper discusses the results of the engineering geological and geotechnical investigations that have been carried out at the Daroongar dam site. According to the geomorphology and geological conditions and economic reason, the dam has been designed as an earth dam with a clay core. The dam foundation is composed of a sequence of sandy limestone and limy marl of the Upper Cretaceous period. This study is based on field and laboratory investigations, surface discontinuity surveying, drilled borehole data and permeability of dam foundation. The present studies include the evaluation of the dam foundation by water pressure tests. The water pressure tests indicate the necessity to provide a grout curtain below the dam foundation.The geology of the Daroongar dam foundation has a significant influence on the permeability and groutability characteristics. The permeability of jointed rock masses is strongly depended on joint characteristics; degree of jointing, opening, continuity and presence of filling materials. The laboratory tests included tests for unit weight, porosity, uniaxial, triaxial, tensile strength and deformation parameters. The strength and modulus of elasticity of rock masses were determined using the Hoek–Brown empirical strength criterion. The rock mass qualities and classifications of the dam site is assigned using the rock mass rating (RMR), the rock quality (Q) and the geological strength index (GSI) classification systems.     

桥基岸坡变形破坏机制物理模拟研究

结合某大桥桥基岸坡地质条件,采用相似原理为基础的底摩擦试验方法,定性模拟分析了在天然状态和加载条件下岸坡岩体的变形破坏过程和模式。试验结果表明：在天然状态下,左右岸岸坡岩体处于稳定状态;在加载条件下,左岸岸坡岩体稳定,右岸发育的错落体失稳,而导致整个岸坡不稳定,建议对其进行预加固或改变桥墩位置     

The elasto-visco-plastic analysis for rock displacement of the foundation pit of a water power plant

SummaryThe Elasto-Visco-Plastic Analysis for Rock Displacement of the Foundation Pit of a Water Power Plant In this paper a method used in the elasto-visco-plastic analysis is proposed. It has been employed for deformation analysis of the foundation pit of a large water power plant in China.The back analysis of this rock engineering problem shows that the relief of the rock initial stresses due to excavation and the rheological properties of the weak intercalations and the rock masses as well are the main factors which caused the large deformation of the foundation pit.The results from the calculations are coincided fairly well with the data measured and observed in situ.With 16 Figures     

模糊聚类分析及在坝基岩体分类中的应用初探

基于模糊聚类的基本理论,提出坝基岩全动态系统综合分类的思路,并针对某建水电站坝基岩体进行试算,初步划分了不同深度岩体的可利用性,为确定合理的建基面提供了一定的依据。     

锦屏一级坝基岩体质量爆破开挖损伤评价

锦屏一级水电站大坝为双曲拱坝,设计坝高305m,拱坝建基岩体以Ⅱ、Ⅲ₁级岩体为主,开挖过程中岩体质量受爆破开挖影响发生程度不等的损伤。为定量评价岩体质量损伤等级,利用开挖爆破检测成果,采用开挖后岩体松弛深度、松弛岩体开挖前后单孔声波衰减率作为岩体质量损伤分级评价的指标,探索一种快速检测、评价岩体质量损伤等级的划分标准,完成坝基开挖后岩体质量损伤的分级分区评价,提出不同损伤等级处理的建议,并评价处理效果。     

葛洲坝工程基岩稳定性的试验研究

本文综述了我所71～78年来为葛洲坝水利枢纽第一期工程进行的基岩稳定性研究工作,其中包括,地应力对基坑岩体稳定性的影响,粘土岩软弱夹层,特别是泥化夹层的长期稳定性和长期强度。通过地应力实测,证实了即使在褶皱轻微、地形平缓的红色岩层中仍可能有较大的构造应力存在,它的局部释放会直接影响岩体稳定。并且有力地说明了构造运动作用是粘土岩泥化的主要原因之一。根据对粘土岩的物理化学和力学性质以及物质结构特性的研究,指出了在外力作用下,当其亚微观结构或微观结构受到破坏时,因粘土颗粒大量吸水膨胀而可能产生泥化。根据现场和室内的剪切蠕变和室内的剪切松弛以及扭转蠕变试验结果,指出了粘土质粉砂岩、砂岩、粘土岩软弱夹层均具有显著的流变特性,提出了确定长期强度的方法。     

The stability of Foundation Rock in Gezhouba Project

The results of the stability study of dam foundation , including the effects of ground stresses on the stability of base masses and long-term stability and strength of weak intercalations , especially of clayey ones, are presented. It is proved that the considerable tectonic stresses exist even in red rock layers with slight folds and a gentle terrain and that the stability of masses are directly affected by local stress relief. It is found that sedimentary rock behaves like rheology. A method of deter-mining long-term strength of rheological rock is suggested.     

基于广义RQDt的岩石质量空间分布规律研究

自然界中的岩石通常含有大量复杂交错的结构面,造成岩石质量在三维空间中存在明显的各向异性。作为评价岩石质量的重要参数,岩石质量指标(广义RQDt)被广泛应用于岩体工程。结合三维裂隙网络模拟法和测线法,对岩体质量在三维空间不同方向上的分布规律进行研究:首先根据研究域岩体的裂隙统计参数及分布规律,利用Monte-Carlo法生成三维随机裂隙网络;然后通过在研究域内布置监测点和测线的方式来计算监测点处RQDt值随空间方位的变化,得到岩石质量空间分布图,以此来直观描述岩体质量沿空间不同方向的分布。将该法应用于某工程坝区岩体质量评估,表明该方法简单且具有较强的实用价值,可较全面描述岩体质量在空间方向上的分布规律。     

Geotechnical Engineering Assessment of the Nargesi Damsite, Southwest Iran

This paper describes the results of the engineering geological investigations and geotechnical studies performed in the Nargesi dam site. The dam foundation located on the sedimentary rocks of Neogen period. To conduct this study, the steps including field and laboratory investigations, surface discontinuity surveying, drilled borehole data, and permeability were performed on dam foundation. Besides, the evaluation of the dam foundation was carried out by water pressure tests, which indicate the necessity of creating a grout curtain below the dam foundation. The permeability and groutability characteristics of the Nargesi dam foundation are significantly affected by geology of the site. The rock mass properties of the test section obtained from secondary permeability index (SPI) completed with the degree of jointing of the drill core acts as a useful reference for ground treatment design. Here, the performed laboratory tests were as: determination of density, moisture percent, porosity percent, water absorption, uniaxial compressive strength, Point-load strength index (Is50), p-wave velocity (Cp), s-wave velocity (Cs), deformability, and triaxial tests. The rock mass properties and classifications of the damsite is assessed using rock mass rating, the rock quality (Q), and the geological strength index classification systems. The strength and modulus elasticity of rock masses were determined through the equations proposed by different researchers. According to the findings of this work, except for some cases, there is a reasonable correlation between SPI and rock quality designation values. Based on these results, grout type and composition was suggested for the design of grout curtain.     

节理岩体地基极限承载力研究

由于节理岩体具有复杂的力学特性,节理岩体地基的极限承载力问题一直都没有很好解决。利用非线性统一强度准则考虑中间主应力影响和岩性、岩体结构特性可以通过参数m,s和σc 来反映的优点,将非连续介质特性的节理岩体等效为连续介质,在确定即时摩擦角后,结合滑移线场理论获得了节理岩体地基极限承载力的封闭形式的理论解,其解考虑了边界条件和基础的几何形状,举例说明了计算裂隙岩体极限承载力的过程和所需的参数。结果表明：节理岩体的材料特性和中间主应力对极限承载力具有重要影响。     

基于非线性统一强度理论的节理 岩体地基承载力研究

现有的节理岩体地基承载力计算方法大多是以Hoek-Brown强度准则为基础建立的,没有考虑中间主应力的效应,不能充分发挥岩体的强度潜能。综合统一强度理论和Hoek-Brown强度准则的优点,结合临界滑动场理论求解地基承载力,并考虑地震荷载的影响。计算结果表明,基于非线性统一强度理论的地基承载力有不同程度的提高,现有方法中的地基承载力偏于保守;在地震荷载作用下地基承载力有一定程度的降低。     

裂隙岩体渗流模型研究现状与展望

裂隙岩体渗流对于边坡、地下工程及基础岩土体的承载能力有显著的制约作用。本文简要地介绍了多种裂隙岩体渗流模型研究现状,评述了几类比较有代表性的渗流模型特点以及存在的不足,为选取合理的数学模型用于求解具体的裂隙岩体渗流问题提供了参考依据,并在上述基础上提出了一些需要进一步研究的问题。指出就目前应用最为广泛的等效连续介质模型而言,裂隙岩体几何参数、有效孔隙度以及等效渗透张量的确定仍有待于更深入的研究,而从细观力学结构入手研究渗流耦合模型将具有重大的理论意义和实用价值。     

Hoek-Brown岩石破坏经验判据确定岩石地基承载力的修正

岩石地基承载力的精确确定,对工程的安全性和经济性非常重要。简要介绍了Hoek-Brown岩石经验破坏判据及其剪切强度形式,并通过确定岩基潜在破坏面上的正应力,计算出岩体自重和岩体瞬时内摩擦角。对基于Hoek-Brown岩石经验破坏判据的岩基承载力的极限解法进行修正,得出剪切破坏模式下含有岩体自重和瞬时内摩擦角的Hoek-Brown岩基承载力修正公式。最后,通过算例证明修正公式的完善性和实用性。     

桂林阳朔如意峰景区A4救生平台基础岩体稳定性分析

依托桂林阳朔如意峰旅游景点项目开发,针对项目建设中A4救生平台基础存在的安全隐患问题,通过现场调查和理论分析相结合的方法,采用赤平投影定性分析和极限平衡法、有限元数值模拟法定量计算相结合的方式,对如意峰景区A4救生平台基础岩体稳定性进行综合评价,分析表明A4救生平台基础岩体处于不稳定状态,需对其进行加固处理,并提出了加固处理建议措施,为后期危岩崩塌的治理提供理论支撑和科学依据,对岩溶地区类似岩体的稳定性研究具有一定的参考价值。      

小湾拱坝右岸缆机基础开挖边坡的优化分析

基于加锚节理岩体力学模型应用三维弹粘塑性有限元法,对小湾拱坝右岸缆机基础高边坡的开挖过程和加固措施进行了数值仿真计算,进行了两种设计方案的比较和优化分析,对缆机荷载移动、地下水位、岩体强度参数等影响因素进行了敏感性分析,并在此基础上评价了边坡支护加固措施和边坡的稳定性.     

节理岩体中隧道开挖与支护的数值模拟

由于节理、断层等不连续面的存在造成岩体变形的不连续性,并且这些不连续面对岩体变形、应力等力学行为造成重要影响。对已有的非连续变形分析程序进行了两点改进,应用改进的程序模拟了节理岩体中隧洞开挖与支护的过程,研究了不同节理倾角岩体的应力分布特性、开挖后隧洞围岩的变形和应力分布规律以及支护后衬砌的变形与应力特点。研究结果表明,节理倾角对节理岩体系统的应力和变形有着直接的影响,并且影响着隧洞开挖后的内空收敛效应;隧洞开挖顺序对围岩的变形和稳定也有重要影响。改进后的非连续变形分析方法和程序可以用来分析复杂节理岩体系统中隧洞的开挖与支护。     

岩质隧洞支护结构设计计算方法探索

依靠模型试验与力学计算,分析了隧洞破坏机制与型式,提出将基于有限元强度折减法求出的围岩安全系数作为稳定分析判据。现有各种围岩分类中都有一些标志围岩稳定性的标志性说明,在前人基础上,提出了各级岩体的稳定性标志,尤其提出了一种新的定量标志,即将隧洞在无衬砌情况下的围岩安全系数作为隧洞稳定性定量标志。由此,在给出的相应稳定安全系数基础上反算出各级岩体的强度参数,以提高强度参数的准确性。提出了岩质隧洞的设计计算方法,采用有限元强度折减法计算围岩安全系数,采用有限元法计算衬砌安全系数,并对青岛市某地下工程进行数值模拟,分别计算了围岩和衬砌的安全系数。初步建议岩体隧洞的设计标准：初期支护后,围岩安全系数不小于1.15～1.2,初衬的安全系数不小于1.3;二次支护后围岩安全系数高于1.25,衬砌的安全系数大于2.0～2.4,以确保隧洞在施工和运行过程中的安全。     

基于改进的Mohr-Coulomb强度准则下岩石锚杆极限抗拔承载力计算

岩石锚杆基础作为风电机组基础的一种特殊基础型式,可以充分发挥原状岩体的力学性能,具有良好的抗拔性能。已有研究表明,小而非零拉伸截断改进的Mohr-Coulomb（简称M-C）强度准则更适用于描述岩体的破坏特性。基于小而非零拉伸截断改进的M-C强度准则,建立破坏面上单位面积的能量耗损率表达式。从塑性力学极限分析上限定理出发,构建岩楔体平移破坏机构。根据外部作用荷载和岩楔体自重所做的外功率与沿岩楔体圆破坏锥面的能量耗损率相等的条件,建立虚功率方程,并由此得到了岩石锚杆极限抗拔承载力的计算公式。经原型试验验证,推导公式所得计算值与实测值一致性较好,具有一定的可靠性,且能满足工程实际应用要求。